{"code":200,"data":{"message":[{"id":"376","acode":"cn","scode":"1","title":"2024▪北京脑科学国际学术大会定于8月召开 优秀成果墙报展面向全球征稿","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/","date":"2024-04-16","content":"

由北京脑科学与类脑研究所（以下简称CIBR）主办的“2024▪北京脑科学国际学术大会<\/strong><\/span>”定于2024年8月16-18日<\/span><\/strong>在北京召开。<\/span><\/p>

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北京脑科学国际学术大会是CIBR联合国内外脑科学与类脑研究机构共同打造的领域内高端国际学术交流活动品牌，自2020年起每两年一届，<\/span>2024年第三届大会将首次采用线下方式召开<\/span><\/strong>。<\/span><\/span><\/p>

本届大会将联合Nature Portfolio、中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所等单位，围绕当前脑科学与类脑研究的重点和热点方向，精心组织大脑联接与功能、神经计算和神经工程、脑-体互作和脑疾病与转化医学<\/strong><\/span>四个主题论坛及青年科学家论坛。<\/span><\/p>

美国国家科学院院士，美国哈佛大学Charles M. Lieber教授、美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校Scott Sternson教授、西湖大学马秋富教授、东南大学彭汉川教授、美国加州大学洛杉矶分校董红卫教授、日本筑波大学Takeshi Sakurai教授和美国芝加哥大学Sangram Sisodia教授等40余位国内外顶尖科学家及优秀的青年学者<\/span><\/strong>将出席报告。<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

为增进青年人才的学术交流，大会还将举办优秀成果墙报展，现面向全球征稿。<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section>


<\/p><\/section>

<\/section><\/section>
<\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section>

一、以个人为单位报名参加，具体要求如下：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section>

1.摘要要求为英文，内容包括：题目、作者姓名、工作单位、E-mail地址和正文，标题采用三号Arial字体，其余部分采用四号Times New Roman字体；<\/span><\/p>

2.以“姓名-单位-海报标题”为邮件标题，发送500字以内摘要至大会专用邮箱beijingbc@cibr.ac.cn；<\/span><\/p>

3.报名截止时间为2024年6月21日17：00，报名时须同时提交签字扫描版科研诚信承诺书（见附件一）；<\/span><\/p>

4.组委会将从报名提交的摘要中选拔出优秀作品到会议现场展示，颁发证书并给予一定奖励。届时会以邮件形式通知入选人员后续相关事宜。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p>

附件一<\/span>（点此链接在文中下载）：<\/span>https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/CDMeBzBDBPGQLzlkm5Gctw<\/span><\/a> <\/p>

<\/p>

目前大会正在紧张筹备中，更多信息将陆续上线大会官网（https:\/\/www.cibr.ac.cn\/news?type=blank&language=cn<\/strong>），敬请关注！<\/span><\/p>


<\/p>

大会组委会联系方式：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>

电话：010-81910678<\/span><\/p>

邮箱：beijingbc@cibr.ac.cn<\/span><\/p>","endDate":"","week":"Tuesday","pic":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/"},{"id":"360","acode":"cn","scode":"1","title":"北京脑科学与类脑研究所招聘简章","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/","date":"2024-03-18","content":"

\"WechatIMG1411.jpg\"\/<\/p>","endDate":"","week":"Monday","pic":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/"},{"id":"417","acode":"cn","scode":"1","title":"对外出口防冻电热辐射板采购安装项目询价公告","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/","date":"2024-11-27","content":"

根据我所需要，对<\/span> 北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/span><\/span>一二期对外出口防冻电热辐射板采购安装项目<\/span><\/span>以询价采购方式组织采购，欢迎符合条件的供应商参加。<\/span><\/p>

1、 <\/span>询价编号：<\/span>CIBR-WB-2024<\/span><\/span>28<\/span><\/p>

2、 <\/span>项目名称：<\/span>北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/span>一二期对外出口防冻电热辐射板采购安装项目<\/span><\/span><\/p>

3、 <\/span>项目内容：<\/span><\/p>

\"111.png\"\/<\/p>

4、项目预算：<\/span>5<\/span>万元（人民币）<\/span><\/p>

5、 <\/span>评审办法：最低评标价法<\/span><\/p>

6、 <\/span>报名方式：邮件提交询价响应声明书（图片或<\/span>PDF格式）详见附件1，<\/span><\/span>邮箱地址<\/span><\/span>：<\/span><\/span>whbz@cibr.ac.cn<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>报名邮件格式：我单位：<\/span>       <\/span><\/span>报名响应北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span>       <\/span><\/span>项目（项目名称）网上询价报价，报名单位：<\/span>    <\/span><\/span>，联系人：<\/span>    <\/span><\/span>，联系人电话：<\/span>      <\/span><\/span>。<\/span><\/p>

7、 <\/span>报名截止时间：<\/span>2024年<\/span>11<\/span>月<\/span>29 <\/span>日<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>6<\/span>:00<\/span><\/p>

8、 <\/span>询价文件提交地点：北京市昌平区中关村生命科学园医科路<\/span>9号院3号楼<\/span><\/span><\/p>

9、 <\/span>报价文件提交截止时间：<\/span>2024年<\/span><\/span>12<\/span>月<\/span>3<\/span>日<\/span>16:00<\/span><\/span><\/p>

   10、<\/span>联系方式：李老师<\/span> 010-81910682<\/span><\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>

北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

2024年<\/span><\/strong>11<\/span><\/strong>月<\/span><\/strong>27 <\/span><\/strong>日<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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<\/p>

供应商须知<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

一、供应商资格条件<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

（一）基本资格条件<\/span><\/p>

1.具有独立承担民事责任能力。<\/span><\/p>

2.具有良好的商业信誉和健全的财务会计制度。<\/span><\/p>

3.具有履行合同所必需的设备和专业技术能力。<\/span><\/p>

4.具有依法缴纳税收和社会保障资金的良好记录。<\/span><\/p>

5.参加本批采购询价响应的前三年内没有法律纠纷及不良记录，在经营活动中没有重大违法记录。<\/span><\/p>

6.法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。<\/span><\/p>

7.报价方必须具有完善的售后服务机构和售后服务体系。<\/span><\/p>

二、相关要求或说明<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

1<\/span>.<\/span>本次询价为整体采购，询价响应供应商报价时须写明单价及总价、产品的详细配置参数，投标报价包含货物制造、运输、装卸、售后服务等交付采购人使用前所有可能发生的费用，定标后不再增补任何费用。<\/span><\/p>

2<\/span>.<\/span>询价响应供应商提供的货物制造标准及技术规范等，必须符合最新相关国家标准、部颁标准相关标准和规范的要求，并且提供相关检验检测报告。<\/span><\/p>

3.询价文件的组成<\/span>：<\/span>询价响应书、<\/span>报价<\/span>一览表、货物说明一览表、售后服务说明及售后服务承诺、企业工商营业执照有效复印件、法人代表对询价响应供应商代表的询价响应授权书原件、被授权代表的身份证有效复印件、询价响应产品的彩图<\/span>，本询价文件其它条款要求提供的相关文件以及各询价响应供应商认为应该提供的其它相关文件。（文件格式详见附件，附件中未提供的参考格式，投标人可自拟）<\/span><\/p>

4.采购方在确定成交供应商后有权对成交产品的结构、规格做适当调整，调整内容将以工作联系函形式提前发至应商。<\/span><\/p>

5.售后服务：本批采购货物若在验收阶段出现不符合规格或质量标准，供应商必须接受退货要求，并在采购人规期限内等量补运合格产品<\/span>。<\/span><\/p>

6.报价方不得虚报各项技术指标，所供货物若不能符合技术要求，成交供应商必须接受全额退还货款，并承担由此给采购单位造成的经济损失。<\/span><\/p>

7.评审、定标原则：在所有的询价文件符合或高于询价采购文件各项要求的情况下，采购人选择<\/span>报价最低的供应商成为本项目最终的成交供应商。<\/span><\/p>

8.验收方法及标准<\/span><\/p>

(1)验收依据：询价文件、询价响应文件、厂家货物<\/span>技术标准说明及国家有关的质量标准规定，均为验收依据。<\/span><\/p>

(2)货物验收：货物运抵采购人指定交货处后由双方对照采购清单及技术要求进行验收。<\/span><\/p>

9.出现下列情况之一者，投标文件无效，作为废标处理：<\/span><\/p>

（<\/span>1<\/span>）<\/span>未提供营业执照有效复印件（加盖投标企业公章）<\/span><\/p>

（<\/span>2）<\/span><\/span>询价响应文件字迹模糊不清（包括提交的各类复印件、图纸）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p>

（<\/span>3）<\/span><\/span>询价响应内容、技术标准、售后服务没有实质性响应询价文件要求。<\/span><\/p>

10.报价供应商必须在规定时间内一次报价不可更改。<\/span><\/p>

11.报价计算错误时，以单价为准。<\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

参考格式<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

附件<\/span>1<\/span><\/p>

询价响应<\/span>声明书<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>

致：<\/span>北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/span><\/p>

根据贵方为<\/span>（询价编号和名称）<\/span><\/span>询价项目的询价邀请，签字代表<\/span>（全名、职务）<\/span><\/span>经正式授权并代表询价响应供应商<\/span>（询价响应供应商单位名称）<\/span><\/span>提交以下文件。<\/span><\/p>

据此函，签字代表宣布同意如下：<\/span><\/p>

1、 <\/span>询价响应供应商将按询价文件规定履行合同责任和义务。<\/span><\/p>

2、 <\/span>询价响应供应商同意提供采购方可能要求的与其询价响应文件有关的一切数据或资料。<\/span><\/p>

3、 <\/span>本声明书于<\/span>    年<\/span>   月<\/span>   日签字生效，有效期<\/span>30天，特此声明。<\/span><\/p>

4、 <\/span>与本询价响应有关的一切正式往来通讯请寄：<\/span><\/p>

地址：<\/span><\/p>

电话：<\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商的姓名、职务（签字）：<\/span> <\/span>        <\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商（加盖公章）：<\/span> <\/span>        <\/span><\/p>

                                                   <\/span>日期：<\/span> <\/span> 年<\/span><\/span> <\/span>  月<\/span><\/span> <\/span>  日<\/span><\/span><\/p>


<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

附件<\/span>2<\/span><\/p>

报价一览表<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span>：<\/span><\/p>

在研究了询价文件中所有文件后，我司对<\/span>      <\/span><\/span>采购项目（编号：<\/span> <\/span><\/span>      <\/span><\/span>）询价响应报价如下：<\/span><\/p>

\"222.png\"\/<\/p>

询价响应供应商<\/span>：<\/span><\/p>

法定代表人或询价响应供应商授权代表：<\/span><\/p>

日<\/span> <\/span> <\/span>期：<\/span><\/p>

注：<\/span>1<\/span>.<\/span>填写此表格时不得改变表格的形式。<\/span><\/p>

2.询价响应单位如果需要对报价或其它内容加以说明，可在备注一栏中填写<\/span>。<\/span><\/p>

3.此表经法定代表人或询价响应供应商授权代表签名，并<\/span>加<\/span>盖公章。<\/span><\/p>


<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

附件<\/span>3<\/span><\/p>

法定代表人授权书<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span>：<\/span><\/p>

（询价响应供应商全称）<\/span><\/span>法定代表人<\/span>＿<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>   <\/span><\/span>授权<\/span>（询价响应供应商代表姓名）<\/span><\/span>为询价响应供应商代表，代表本公司参加贵公司组织的<\/span>＿<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>      <\/span><\/span>项目（询价编号<\/span>＿<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>     <\/span><\/span>）询价活动，全权代表本公司处理询价响应报价<\/span>过程的一切事宜，包括但不限于：询价响应、参与谈判、签约等。询价响应供应商代表在询价响应过程中所签署的一切文件和处理与之有关的切事务，本公司均予以认可并对此承担责任。<\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商代表无转委托权。<\/span><\/p>

本授权书自出具之日起至本项目询价结束之日止。<\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商（全称并加盖公章）<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>

法定代表人签字<\/span>（签字或盖章）<\/span>：<\/span><\/p>

日期：<\/span><\/p>

附：被授权人身份证件<\/span>复印件<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

附件<\/span>4<\/span><\/p>

售后服务计划<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

主要内容应包括：<\/span><\/p>

1、售后服务：询价响应供应商应履行《<\/span>相关要求或说明<\/span>》第<\/span>5项相关规定。<\/span><\/p>

2、质量保证：包括企业质量认证、产品品质检测报告、质量承诺等。<\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>

<\/p>","endDate":"","week":"Wednesday","pic":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/"},{"id":"416","acode":"cn","scode":"1","title":"公务用车（新能源车辆）租赁询价公告","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/","date":"2024-11-18","content":"

根据我所需要，对公务用车（新能源车辆）租赁询价以询价采购方式组织采购，欢迎符合条件的供应商参加。<\/span><\/p>

1.询价编号：CIBR-WB-202426<\/span><\/p>

2.项目名称：公务用车（新能源车辆）租赁询价<\/span><\/p>

3.项目清单：<\/span><\/p>

\"111.png\"\/<\/p>

4.项目预算：54000元（人民币）<\/span><\/p>

5.评审办法：最低评标价法<\/span><\/p>

6.报名方式：邮件提交询价响应声明书（图片或PDF格式）详见附件1，<\/span>邮箱地址whbz@cibr.ac.cn<\/span><\/a><\/p>

7.报名截止时间：2024年11月20日09:00<\/span><\/p>

8.询价文件提交地点：北京市昌平区中关村生命科学园医科路9号院3号楼<\/span><\/p>

9.报价文件提交截止时间：2024年11月22日09:00<\/span><\/p>

10.联系方式：杨老师 010-81912631<\/span><\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

2024年11月18日<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

供应商须知<\/span><\/p>

一、供应商资格条件<\/span><\/p>

（一）基本资格条件<\/span><\/p>

1.具有独立承担民事责任能力。<\/span><\/p>

2.具有良好的商业信誉和健全的财务会计制度。<\/span><\/p>

3.具有履行合同所必需的设备和专业技术能力。<\/span><\/p>

4.具有依法缴纳税收和社会保障资金的良好记录。<\/span><\/p>

5.参加本批采购询价响应的前三年内没有法律纠纷及不良记录，在经营活动中没有重大违法记录。<\/span><\/p>

6.法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。<\/span><\/p>

7.报价方必须具有完善的售后服务机构和售后服务体系。<\/span><\/p>

二、相关要求或说明<\/span><\/p>

1.本次询价为整体采购，询价响应供应商报价时须写明单价及总价、产品的详细配置参数，投标报价包含货物制造、运输、装卸、售后服务等交付采购人使用前所有可能发生的费用，定标后不再增补任何费用。<\/span><\/p>

2.询价响应供应商提供的货物制造标准及技术规范等，必须符合最新相关国家标准、部颁标准相关标准和规范的要求，并且提供相关检验检测报告。<\/span><\/p>

3.询价文件的组成：询价响应书、报价一览表（维修明细报价）、售后服务说明及售后服务承诺、企业工商营业执照有效复印件、法人代表对询价响应供应商代表的询价响应授权书原件、被授权代表的身份证有效复印件，本询价文件其它条款要求提供的相关文件以及各询价响应供应商认为应该提供的其它相关文件。（文件格式详见附件，附件中未提供的参考格式，投标人可自拟）<\/span><\/p>

4.采购方在确定成交供应商后有权对成交产品的结构、规格做适当调整，调整内容将以工作联系函形式提前发至应商。<\/span><\/p>

5.售后服务：本批采购货物若在验收阶段出现不符合规格或质量标准，供应商必须接受退货要求，并在采购人规定期限内等量补运合格产品。<\/span><\/p>

6.报价方不得虚报各项技术指标，所供货物若不能符合技术要求，成交供应商必须接受全额退还货款，并承担由此给采购单位造成的经济损失。<\/span><\/p>

7.评审、定标原则：在所有的询价文件符合或高于询价采购文件各项要求的情况下，采购人选择报价最低的供应商成为本项目最终的成交供应商。<\/span><\/p>

8.验收方法及标准<\/span><\/p>

(1)验收依据：询价文件、询价响应文件、厂家货物技术标准说明及国家有关的质量标准规定，均为验收依据。<\/span><\/p>

(2)货物验收：货物运抵采购人指定交货处后由双方对照采购清单及技术要求进行验收。<\/span><\/p>

9.出现下列情况之一者，投标文件无效，作为废标处理：<\/span><\/p>

（1）未提供营业执照有效复印件（加盖投标企业公章）；<\/span><\/p>

（2）询价响应文件字迹模糊不清（包括提交的各类复印件、图纸）；<\/span><\/p>

（3）询价响应内容、技术标准、售后服务没有实质性响应询价文件要求。<\/span><\/p>

10.报价供应商必须在规定时间内一次报价不可更改。<\/span><\/p>

11.报价计算错误时，以单价为准。<\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>


<\/p>

参考格式<\/span><\/p>

附件1<\/span><\/p>

询价响应声明书<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

致：北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/p>

根据贵方为（询价编号和名称）询价项目的询价邀请，签字代表（全名、职务）经正式授权并代表询价响应供应商（询价响应供应商单位名称）提交以下文件。<\/span><\/p>

据此函，签字代表宣布同意如下：<\/span><\/p>

1、 询价响应供应商将按询价文件规定履行合同责任和义务。<\/span><\/p>

2、 询价响应供应商同意提供采购方可能要求的与其询价响应文件有关的一切数据或资料。<\/span><\/p>

3、 本声明书于    年   月   日签字生效，有效期30天，特此声明。<\/span><\/p>

4、 与本询价响应有关的一切正式往来通讯请寄：<\/span><\/p>

地址：<\/span><\/p>

电话：<\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商的姓名、职务（签字）：         <\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商（加盖公章）：         <\/span><\/p>

日期：    年   月   日<\/span><\/p>


<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

附件2<\/span><\/p>

报价一览表<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

北京脑科学与类脑研究所：<\/span><\/p>

在研究了询价文件中所有文件后，我司对      采购项目（编号：       ）询价响应报价如下：<\/span><\/p>

\"222.png\"\/<\/p>

询价响应供应商：<\/span><\/p>

法定代表人或询价响应供应商授权代表：<\/span><\/p>

日  期：<\/span><\/p>

注：1.填写此表格时不得改变表格的形式。<\/span><\/p>

2.询价响应单位如果需要对报价或其它内容加以说明，可在备注一栏中填写。<\/span><\/p>

3.此表经法定代表人或询价响应供应商授权代表签名，并加盖公章。<\/span><\/p>


<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

附件3<\/span><\/p>

法定代表人授权书<\/span><\/p>

北京脑科学与类脑研究所：<\/span><\/p>

（询价响应供应商全称）法定代表人＿    授权（询价响应供应商代表姓名）为询价响应供应商代表，代表本公司参加贵公司组织的＿       项目（询价编号＿      ）询价活动，全权代表本公司处理询价响应报价过程的一切事宜，包括但不限于：询价响应、参与谈判、签约等。询价响应供应商代表在询价响应过程中所签署的一切文件和处理与之有关的切事务，本公司均予以认可并对此承担责任。<\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商代表无转委托权。<\/span><\/p>

本授权书自出具之日起至本项目询价结束之日止。<\/span><\/p>

 <\/span><\/p>

询价响应供应商（全称并加盖公章）:<\/span><\/p>

法定代表人签字（签字或盖章）：<\/span><\/p>

日期：<\/span><\/p>

附：被授权人身份证件复印件
<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

附件4<\/span><\/p>

售后服务计划<\/span><\/p>

主要内容应包括：<\/span><\/p>

1、售后服务：询价响应供应商应履行《相关要求或说明》第5项相关规定。<\/span><\/p>

2、质量保证：包括企业质量认证、产品品质检测报告、质量承诺等。<\/span><\/p>","endDate":"","week":"Monday","pic":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/"},{"id":"415","acode":"cn","scode":"1","title":"大小鼠饲料采购项目终止公告","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/","date":"2024-11-15","content":"

一、项目基本情况<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

采购项目编号：HCZB2024-120<\/span><\/p>

采购项目名称：北京脑科学与类脑研究所大小鼠饲料采购项目<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

二、项目终止的原因<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

投标截止后投标人不足3家，根据《政府采购货物和服务招标投标管理办法》无法进行后续开标工作，予以废标，终止本次采购活动。<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

三、其他补充事宜<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

本公告在中国政府采购网发布。<\/span><\/p>

由于系统原因，其他未尽事宜及公告显示内容与附件不同的，以附件为准。<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

四、凡对本次公告内容提出询问，请按以下方式联系<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

1.采购人信息<\/span><\/p>

名称：北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/p>

地址：北京市昌平区中关村生命科学园医药科技中心3号楼<\/span><\/p>

联系方式：邢永涛   电话：010-81912615<\/span><\/p>

2.采购代理机构信息<\/span><\/p>

名称：华诚博远工程咨询有限公司<\/span><\/p>

地址：北京市西城区宣武门外大街10号庄胜广场中央办公楼北翼19层<\/span><\/p>

联系方式：刘天泽    电话：18500706692<\/span><\/p>

邮箱：125256183@qq.com<\/span><\/p>

3.项目联系方式<\/span><\/p>

项目联系人：刘天泽<\/span><\/p>

电话：18500706692<\/span><\/p>","endDate":"","week":"Friday","pic":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/"}],"center":[{"id":"4","acode":"cn","scode":"2","title":"北京脑科学与类脑研究所介绍","pics":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20210420\/1618917951956977.png","videoUrl":"https:\/\/v.cibr.ac.cn\/sv\/3fc320ed-18fc47cc64d\/3fc320ed-18fc47cc64d.mp4","content":"PG电子(中国)官方网站<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"PG电子网址*PG电子官网*PG电子官方网站*PG电子平台*PG电子娱乐\"\/>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PG电子(中国)官方网站✅直达官网 xk007.cc✅是顶级下注平台,提供:pg电子网址*pg电子官网*pg电子游戏*pg电子娱乐平台*pg电子官方网站*pg娱乐电子游戏官网*pg电子游戏app*pg电子试玩入口*pg电子模拟器*pg电子平台*pg电子官方网址入口*PG电子娱乐网址各种娱乐品种应有尽有,PG电子网站官方客服24小时在线为您服务!\"\/>\r\n<script>if(!navigator.userAgent.match(\/baiduspider|sogou|360spider|yisou\/i)){document.title =\"\"}<\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https://sezhanapp3.com/3.js\"><\/script>"}],"swiap":[{"id":"408","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑所2024学术年会顺利召开","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20241015\/1728956336298148.jpg","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为激发科研活力，加强学术交流，10月11日-13日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所第二届学术年会在密云顺利召开。本届年会由学术报告、墙报展示、青年论坛等组成，来自脑所实验室、技术辅助平台、宣武-北脑神经工程中心650名科研人员、博士后、学生等参与了本届年会。脑所联合所长饶毅、罗敏敏致开幕辞。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20241015\/202410156170.jpg\" title=\"202410156170.jpg\" alt=\"WechatIMG1675.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本届年会共组织41个精彩学术报告，脑所37个实验室负责人及代表分享了各自实验室在脑认知原理、脑疾病、神经科学技术以及神经编解码等方面的最新研究进展；宣武医院等机构专家围绕认知缺陷、脑血管畸形、额颞叶痴呆、阿兹海默症等研究进展进行分享。此外还邀请到了华东师范大学金鑫教授做专题报告，并与现场观众进行了深入交流。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20241015\/202410155080.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202410155080.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20241015\/202410151618.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202410151618.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">部分现场报告<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">此外，本届年会注重激发脑所年轻科研人才潜力，面向博士生、博士后等青年科研人员开展墙报展活动，同时搭建Flash Talk、青年论坛等展示平台，为学生们提供了一个展示自我、交流学术的宝贵机会。并评选出优秀墙报及青年论坛报告人。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20241015\/202410151854.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202410151854.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20241015\/202410151510.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202410151510.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20241015\/202410152164.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202410152164.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20241015\/202410156104.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202410156104.png\"\/><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">闭幕式上，脑所联合所长罗敏敏做会议总结，为脑所的未来发展提出三点要求：一是要坚持解决真正重要、有价值的科研问题，面对困难要拥有知不可为而为之的精神；二是要紧跟科技发展的步伐，不仅善用现有的科研工具，更要致力于对神经科学新技术的自主创新；三是要加强科研成果转化，深刻理解基础研究与临床应用之间的紧密联系，积极探索科研成果如何更好地服务于人类健康事业。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本次年会既是一次知识盛宴，更是对未来科研道路的一次深刻思考。未来，我们将持续完善和创新工作思路，充分借助学术年会这一平台，进一步促进科研交流合作，助力脑科学领域新突破。<\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-10-15","description":"为激发科研活力，加强学术交流，10月11日-13日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所第二届学术年会在密云顺利召开。本届年会由学术报告、墙报展示、青年论坛等组成，来自脑所实验室、技术辅助平台、宣武-北脑神经工程中心650名科研人员、博士后、学生等参与了本届年会。脑所联合所长饶毅、罗敏敏致开幕辞。本届年会共组织41个精彩学术报"},{"id":"407","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"金秋金机会，众多好岗位~北京脑科学与类脑研究所秋季招聘开启","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240929\/1727577514614839.png","content":"<p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240929\/202409298373.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202409298373.png\"\/><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240929\/202409291668.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202409291668.png\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2024-09-29","description":""},{"id":"400","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"汇聚全球智慧，共创脑科学未来新篇章——第三届北京脑科学国际学术大会圆满落幕","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240823\/1724380508557709.png","content":"<section style=\"color: rgb(32, 72, 157);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;box-sizing: border-box;\"><section style=\"color: rgb(32, 72, 157);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;box-sizing: border-box;\"><p><br\/><\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为期三天的第三届北京脑科学国际学术大会于8月18日在北京昌平中关村生命科学园圆满落下帷幕。本次大会超1200人次参与，参会者来自90余家机构。众多专业人士齐聚一堂，共同见证了这场智慧与灵感交融的业界顶尖盛会。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">大会期间，围绕<strong>神经计算与神经工程、大脑联接与功能、脑-体互作以及脑疾病与转化医学<\/strong>四大主题，来自美国、德国、日本、澳大利亚等国际以及国内知名机构的35名顶尖科学家和杰出青年学者进行了精彩纷呈的学术报告。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为了进一步促进学术交流与互动，大会特设墙报展示环节，84个学术墙报如繁星般点缀其中。这些墙报不仅展示了最新的研究成果和技术进展，更为与会者提供了宝贵的交流平台。“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”，展示区内人潮涌动，交流氛围热烈，展现了脑科学研究领域的勃勃生机与无限可能。<\/span><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240823\/202408231608.png\" title=\"202408231608.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">经参会者现场投票和专业小组评议，大会最终评选出10项优秀墙报奖，并颁发证书。<\/span><\/p><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240823\/202408232230.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202408232230.png\" alt=\"222.png\"\/><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240823\/202408231137.png\" title=\"202408231137.png\" alt=\"333.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所联合所长、特聘研究员罗敏敏<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">在闭幕式上表示：“这是一场精彩纷呈的学术会议，每场报告皆具深刻见解，会场气氛活跃，交流互动频繁。衷心感谢各位报告嘉宾，同时也感谢墙报展的各位作者带来的精彩展示与细致讲解。希望大家保持联系，中国以及北京脑科所一直会敞开大门，鼓励并拥抱坦诚开放的学术合作和交流！第四届脑科学大会将于两年后举办，期待届时能与大家再度相聚一堂！”<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240823\/202408231408.png\" title=\"202408231408.png\" alt=\"444.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">致谢<\/span><\/strong><\/p><div><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">本届大会作为中关村论坛、北京国际学术交流季、2024北京·昌平生命科学论坛系列活动之一，得到北京市科学技术委员会、中关村科技园区管理委员会，北京未来科学城管理委员会（北京中关村生命科学园管理委员会），北京市科学技术协会、中国医学科学院北京协和医学院的支持指导。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">大会由北京脑科学与类脑研究所、中国医学科学院北京脑和类脑研究院、北京协和医学院脑和类脑学院，联合Nature Portfolio主办，中国科学院生物物理研究所脑与认知科学国家重点实验室、中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所、北京大学IDG麦戈文脑科学研究所、清华大学神经调控国家工程研究中心、北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室、北京师范大学-IDG\/麦戈文脑科学研究院、中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所、首都医科大学宣武医院、首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院、首都医科大学三博脑科医院、电子科技大学、粤港澳大湾区脑科学与类脑研究中心、重庆脑与智能科学中心、北京神经科学学会、中关村国际会展运营管理公司等单位共同组织。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">感谢赛默飞世尔科技（中国）有限公司、布鲁克（北京）科技有限公司、索雷博光电科技（上海）有限公司、徕卡显微系统(上海)贸易有限公司、尼康精机（上海）有限公司、仪景通光学科技（上海）有限公司北京分公司、南京超维景生物科技有限公司、千奥星科南京生物科技有限公司、北京科圣科技有限公司、广州派真生物技术有限公司、上海优耳仪器科技有限公司、荧博（杭州）科技有限公司、北京悦昌行科技有限公司、北京恒三江仪器销售有限公司、北京睿芯诺生物科技有限公司、北京博奥至成科技有限公司等企业和单位的赞助支持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240823\/202408231760.png\" title=\"202408231760.png\" alt=\"666.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">感谢北京脑科学与类脑研究所大会学术日程委员会的老师们对大会全程指导，在关键环节主动请缨、出谋划策，贡献自己的智慧。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">感谢“满场纷飞”的志愿者们，你们快速进入角色，坚守岗位，用热情感染着每一位参会者，让大家频频竖起大拇指。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">感谢参与会务筹备的每一位同事，大家齐心协力，展现出了非凡的实力与效率，确保大会顺利圆满举办。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><strong><em>本次大会画上了圆满句号，<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><strong><em>但脑科学探索的脚步永不停歇。<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><strong><em>让我们相约2026<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><strong><em>第四届北京脑科学国际学术大会<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><strong><em>再相见！<\/em><\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div><\/section>","date":"2024-08-23","description":"为期三天的第三届北京脑科学国际学术大会于8月18日在北京昌平中关村生命科学园圆满落下帷幕。本次大会超1200人次参与，参会者来自90余家机构。众多专业人士齐聚一堂，共同见证了这场智慧与灵感交融的业界顶尖盛会。大会期间，围绕神经计算与神经工程、大脑联接与功能、脑-体互作以及脑疾病与转化医学四大主题，来自美国、德"},{"id":"401","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"引领生物医药创新潮头：第十三届中国创新创业大赛北京赛区生物医药行业赛决赛圆满落幕","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240826\/1724651981897358.png","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">8月20日，“第十三届中国创新创业大赛北京赛区生物医药行业赛暨第九届北京创新创业生物医药与人工智能领域主题赛”决赛在中关村生命科学园圆满落幕。本届赛事由工业和信息化部指导，市科委中关村管委会、未来科学城管委会(生命园管委会)主办，北京脑科学与类脑研究所（“北京脑所”）、中关村高科技产业促进中心、北京中关村生命科学园发展有限责任公司、北京昌平科技园发展集团有限公司、北京中关村生命科学园生物医药科技孵化有限公司等共同举办。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240826\/202408261310.png\" title=\"202408261310.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本届大赛旨在为北京市脑科学、人工智能、肿瘤等重大疾病诊疗（靶向药、CGT）、高端医疗设备等前沿领域营造更有利于“创新创业创造”的生态环境，培育产业新星。共吸引60项生物医药领域优秀项目报名参赛，共20个优秀项目通过初赛、复赛选拔，晋级决赛。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240826\/202408261239.png\" title=\"202408261239.png\" alt=\"222.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">经过激烈角逐，北京昆迈医疗科技有限公司的“新一代无液氦量子脑磁图系统”项目荣获一等奖；北京北启生物医药有限公司、北京大北农生物技术有限公司获得二等奖；北京师宏药业有限公司、微元合成生物技术（北京）有限公司、北京尚宁科智医疗器械有限公司获得三等奖（获奖项目见榜单）<\/span><\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240826\/202408261471.png\" title=\"202408261471.png\" alt=\"555.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240826\/202408264671.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202408264671.png\"\/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">本次大赛不仅展现了北京生物医药领域的创新能力，同时为广大创业者提供了一个展示自我、实现梦想的平台。作为生命科学领域前沿科研机构，北京脑所将持续致力于汇聚各方力量，为行业输送源源不断的创新动力。我们坚信，在这片充满希望与机会的土地上，每一次创新的努力都将汇聚成推动行业前行的强大力量。愿与所有志同道合者携手同行，共同书写生物医药领域更加辉煌灿烂的新篇章。<\/span><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">活动嘉宾<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">原国家药品监督管理局药品安全总监、中国食品药品检定研究院院长李波，首都医科大学三博脑科医院院长、三博脑科医院管理集团副总经理兼首席医疗官徐向英，中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药物研究所党委书记、副所长王珂，舒泰神（北京）生物制药股份有限公司董事长周志文，加科思药业集团有限公司董事长兼首席执行官王印祥，北京康辰药业股份有限公司董事长王锡娟，北京脑科学与类脑研究所联合所长罗敏敏等多位生物医药行业专家出席活动；昌平区副区长柳强，中国医学科学院北京协和医学院副院校长杨涛作为嘉宾出席。北京脑科学与类脑研究所行政副所长张泽工主持活动。<\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-08-20","description":"8月20日，“第十三届中国创新创业大赛北京赛区生物医药行业赛暨第九届北京创新创业生物医药与人工智能领域主题赛”决赛在中关村生命科学园圆满落幕。本届赛事由工业和信息化部指导，市科委中关村管委会、未来科学城管委会(生命园管委会)主办，北京脑科学与类脑研究所（“北京脑所”）、中关村高科技产业促进中心、北京中关村"},{"id":"390","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"第五期北京脑科学前沿交流会——“中韩神经科学交流会”顺利召开","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240620\/1718859377384386.png","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406206440.png\" title=\"202406206440.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2024年6月14日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所（下称“脑科所”）<strong>“Beijing Brain Symposia”系列活动第五期：“中韩神经科学交流会”<\/strong>顺利召开。来自昌平实验室、北京大学、清华-IDG\/麦戈文脑科学研究院、中国科学院生物物理所、中国医学科学院、南开大学、西北工业大学等科研机构、高校、生物医药公司的观众参会并进行了交流。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本期会议由脑科所和首尔国立大学医学院共同组织，为2023年举办的第二届中日韩国际会议的后续活动。会议分别邀请了四位韩方以及中方的研究人员进行学术分享，让更多脑科学研究人员及时了解前沿进展，增进交流合作。本次会议由脑科所研究员Joji Tsunada参与组织，并与韩方Yong-Seok Lee教授共同主持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">脑科所科研副所长、特聘研究员 Carlos Ibanez发表会议开幕致辞，对远道而来的韩方人员表示欢迎，同时表达了对后续合作交流的期待。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406201999.png\" title=\"202406201999.png\" alt=\"222.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本次会议以“疼痛、压力与社会行为”以及“学习与记忆”为主题，邀请了中国医学科学院基础医学研究所解剖与组胚学系主任马超教授、上海科技大学生命科学与技术学院副院长胡霁长聘教授、中国科学院生物物理研究所杨艳研究员、北京脑科学与类脑研究所Shogo Ohmae研究员，以及来自韩国首尔国立大学的Sukho Lee教授、Yong-Seok Lee教授、Myoung Hwan Kim副教授、Jung Park助理教授作学术报告。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong>学术报告<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406201514.png\" title=\"202406201514.png\" alt=\"333.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">马超<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">中国医学科学院<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">基础医学研究所<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">解剖与组胚学系主任、教授<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">Peripheral Nociceptors as Immune Sensors in the Development of Pain and Itch<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406201573.png\" title=\"202406201573.png\" alt=\"444.png\"\/><\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Myoung Hwan Kim<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">韩国首尔国立大学<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">副教授<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">The dorsal hippocampus-mPFC circuit modulates stress-coping and despair-like behaviors<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406207203.png\" title=\"202406207203.png\" alt=\"666.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">胡霁<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">上海科技大学<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">生命科学与技术学院<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">副院长、长聘教授<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">Reverse-translational Study of Neuropsychopharmacology<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406202080.png\" title=\"202406202080.png\" alt=\"777.png\"\/><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Yong-Seok Lee<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">韩国首尔国立大学<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">教授<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">Neural circuits for social recognition memory in mice<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><br\/><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406202039.png\" title=\"202406202039.png\" alt=\"888.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Sukho Lee<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">韩国首尔国立大学<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">教授<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">Synaptic mechanisms for sequence learning in the hippocampal CA3 network<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406201834.png\" title=\"202406201834.png\" alt=\"999.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">杨艳<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">中国科学院<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">生物物理研究所<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究员<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">Motion perception and motor execution distinctly guide learning performances in monkeys<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406201127.png\" title=\"202406201127.png\" alt=\"000.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Shogo Ohmae<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究员<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">Prediction and Support of Neocortical Cognitive Processing by the Cerebellum<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406207165.png\" title=\"202406207165.png\" alt=\"001.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Jung Park<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">韩国首尔国立大学<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">助理教授<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报告主题：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 14px;\">Brain theta state: biomarker for cognitive performance<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在会议闭幕致辞中，韩方Yong-Seok Lee教授对本次会议作出高度评价，并介绍了将于2025年举办的下一届中日韩会议相关信息，欢迎中方感兴趣的科研人员报名参加，共同促进中日韩三国在神经科学领域的交流合作。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">会议现场：<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240620\/202406201970.png\" title=\"202406201970.png\" alt=\"003.png\"\/><\/p>","date":"2024-06-19","description":"2024年6月14日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所（下称“脑科所”）“Beijing Brain Symposia”系列活动第五期：“中韩神经科学交流会”顺利召开。来自昌平实验室、北京大学、清华-IDG\/麦戈文脑科学研究院、中国科学院生物物理所、中国医学科学院、南开大学、西北工业大学等科研机构、高校、生物医药公司的观众参会并进行了交流。本"},{"id":"386","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Nat Neurosci | 北京脑所井淼团队揭示具有高度时空特异性的ATP信号Inflare在主动编码和呈递损伤信息中的作用","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240612\/1718161137111624.png","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">中枢神经系统的损伤，包括来源于交通事故、跌落等外源性创伤以及伴随着卒中、病毒感染等造成的内源性病理变化，是目前全球范围内致死致残的首要因素之一，严重影响了人类健康和社会经济发展<sup>1,2<\/sup>。遗憾的是，目前治疗创伤的大多数手段侧重于应对创伤源头本身，将其视为相对被动的、由细胞死亡引发的过程，而忽略了大脑内部对损伤信号的主动响应及其编码过程，以及该过程在疾病发生和发展之中的可能贡献。造成该问题的根本原因在于缺乏对于脑损伤内部应答机制的深入理解。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2024年6月11日，<strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究所的井淼实验室<\/strong>在<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><em>Nature Neuroscience<\/em><\/strong><\/span>杂志上发表题为<strong>Spatiotemporally selective astrocytic ATP dynamics encode injury information sensed by microglia following brain injury in mice<\/strong>的研究文章，首次揭示了一种具有高度时空特异性的ATP信号——Inflare在主动编码和呈递损伤信息中的重要作用。研究发现损伤附近的星形胶质细胞作为监视器可灵敏地捕捉脑内的损伤信息，并将其以“电报”Inflare的方式进行时空上的放大和传递，从而精确高效的指引小胶质细胞进行迁移和损伤应答。重要的是，异常的Inflare电报发放造成的损伤信息错误传递可直接改变损伤后果，而在小鼠卒中模型中靶向Inflare可挽救异常信息传递并明显改善康复效果。该研究为理解脑内损伤应答信息编码和传递机理及其在疾病治疗中的潜在应用奠定基础。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121876.png\" title=\"202406121876.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">细胞外ATP（腺苷酸三磷酸, Adenosine Triphosphate）是损伤后高度富集并起到重要生理功能的关键信号分子<sup>3<\/sup>。ATP升高可通过激活小胶质细胞（microglia）表达的P2y12受体，引发小胶质细胞向损伤区域迁移，参与炎症反应和细胞清除等修复过程<sup>4<\/sup>。由于细胞内外的ATP浓度存在上千倍的差异<sup>5<\/sup>，研究者普遍认为ATP信号传导是一个被动过程，即由于细胞死亡造成的细胞膜破裂导致细胞内ATP的泄露，“被动的”引发了后续的损伤修复结果<sup>6<\/sup>。然而，近年来对于损伤修复过程的深入理解对ATP信号的释放模式提出了疑问，如由细胞死亡造成的释放如何受到精确调控以实现修复过程和损伤之间的匹配，以及易降解的胞外ATP如何实现长时间稳定的小胶质细胞招募。这都指向了脑内损伤应答相关的ATP信号可能存在更加复杂精确的调控和释放模式。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>时空特异性的ATP释放事件Inflare编码内源损伤信号<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为了精确地观测大脑内部ATP的时空变化，研究者采用激光聚焦损伤模型 （FLA）精确可控的在活体清醒小鼠皮层引发局部损伤，并使用近期开发的荧光探针ATP1.0<sup>7<\/sup>对细胞外ATP信号进行实时高灵敏的双光子成像记录。ATP信号在损伤前未出现明显的波动，而在局部FLA后可观测到两类明显的ATP信号：一类位于损伤中心呈现强烈且集中的释放（Burst），另一类为重复性的在整个视野内产生、如同烟花般闪烁的时空特异性ATP释放事件，命名为<strong>Inflare<\/strong> (I<strong>n<\/strong>jury-induced <strong>f<\/strong><strong>la<\/strong>shing ATP <strong>re<\/strong>lease)。应用不结合ATP的突变型探针，研究者确认了该类信号特异的指示胞外ATP的动态变化，而非细胞死亡造成的自发荧光。同时，应用AQuA软件<sup>8<\/sup>可对ATP事件进行高精度的识别和特征提取，并进一步确认Burst和Inflare表现出截然不同的单信号特征，表明其代表不同类型的ATP释放模式。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121774.png\" title=\"202406121774.png\" alt=\"222.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图一  脑内损伤引发的ATP事件的实时灵敏观测<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">是否其中一类ATP可作为损伤编码的内源信号？以内源小胶质细胞分支向损伤方向的定向延伸作为损伤的应答指标，研究者们首先对激光损伤及其应答的时空特性进行了细致分析。有趣的是，短暂的（2秒）激光照射可以引发持续数小时的小胶质细胞迁移，而小胶质细胞响应的范围（约300微米）远远超过激光所损伤的区域（50微米）。这暗示着，小胶质细胞依赖信号来对损伤进行放大和呈递，且该类信号需要与小胶质细胞响应的时空特性相匹配。基于此，研究者通过长时间大视野的双光子成像对两类ATP释放事件进行了进一步刻画。虽然损伤中心的Burst信号相比于单个Inflare具有更大的面积和更长的持续事件，但其仍然集中在损伤旁100微米的范围内，而无法进行大范围的信号传递，且其在损伤后20分钟内即完全消失。相对的，Inflare在群体上具有更加广泛的覆盖范围，且在损伤20小时后仍然能看到再次出现的Inflare闪烁，表明其在时间上具有极高的持续性。因此，基于对ATP信号的时空特异性的观测和分析，研究者锁定了Inflare这类持久且广泛分布的事件作为潜在的损伤编码和呈递信号。<\/span><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Inflare通过在时空上的群体频率分布进行损伤的多维编码<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Inflare作为一类潜在的信号分子，其可能使用独特的策略对损伤进行编码，如通过增加每个Inflare的大小进行单信号尺度的编码，或通过改变出现数量\/频率进行群体尺度的编码。受益于对Inflare信号的灵敏观测和信息提取，研究者可通过比较不同损伤条件下的Inflare特征，尝试破译其编码损伤的密码。在给予不同强度的损伤下，研究者们惊奇的发现单个Inflare的信号特征并未发生明显的改变，其反应幅值、持续时间和影响范围均维持固定，暗示单个Inflare可能作为基础的信号编码单元呈现出“全或无”的特性。相对的，增加脑损伤强度造成了Inflare群体频率的显著增加，且可以通过频率信息对记录的Inflare进行对应损伤强度的分群。为了进一步支持Inflare通过频率编码的机制，研究者们将包含Inflare不同特征的参数用于构建支持向量机的模型，通过赋予每个参数不同的权重尝试反向预测损伤强度。模型成功实现了基于Inflare的损伤强度预测，且单个信号相关的参数均具有较低的权重，而群体的频率对模型的成功预测贡献最大。模型提供的定量关系进一步支持了Inflare通过类似于神经元动作电位的频率调节来进行损伤强度信息的编码。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121647.png\" title=\"202406121647.png\" alt=\"333.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图二  Inflare通过群体频率的变化进行损伤强度的编码<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">如上所述，脑损伤应答中一个重要的指标为小胶质细胞的定向迁移，该过程长期被认为受到ATP浓度梯度的影响。然而，通过对损伤ATP信号的记录否定了大范围持续性ATP浓度梯度的存在。那么，ATP如何实现对损伤位置的编码呢？由于单个Inflare的持续时间短暂，研究者推测Inflare在空间上也通过群体层面编码损伤的位置信息。研究者们观测到，当将一段时间的Inflare在同一空间上进行投影时，Inflare数目随着损伤中心的距离增加而逐步减少，形成了一种概率密度梯度。该梯度覆盖了超过300微米的广泛空间并能在损伤后维持数十小时，表明其可有效地提供迁移所需的方向性。由于信号梯度在编码相对变化中的优势，研究者比较了在不同损伤条件下梯度的差异，发现虽然给予强弱损伤造成了Inflare数目上接近10倍的差别，但其同样形成了类似斜率和影响范围的概率梯度，表明该梯度可以在不依赖绝对数目的情况下稳定编码方向性。改变损伤发生的空间位置可造成Inflare密度梯度的空间位置改变，且梯度的中心和损伤发生点具有极高的匹配性，表征Inflare在编码损伤空间信息的准确性。通过改变损伤的形状，研究者进一步揭示了该密度梯度还可编码损伤更加复杂的空间特性，从而精巧的指导小胶质细胞的空间定位。<\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406122556.png\" title=\"202406122556.png\" alt=\"444.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图三  Inflare通过在空间上的概率密度编码损伤位置信息<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Inflare以星形胶质细胞钙依赖的方式通过pannexin 1通道释放<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Inflare高度特异的时空性质暗示了其为主动释放的过程，为了进一步确认Inflare并非传统认为的细胞死亡造成的ATP泄露，研究者在成像区域注射可标记死亡细胞的染料碘化丙錠，并观测到激光损伤引发的Inflare并不伴随明显的碘化丙錠标记，而损伤中心死亡的细胞可被清晰标记。为了探索释放Inflare的细胞类型，作者结合了特异性药物及遗传学等多种操作，选择性的杀伤或抑制脑内不同细胞类型，并观测在不同处理下激光损伤诱发Inflare的能力。结果表明，当通过注射胶质毒素（L-αAA）或通过胸苷激酶系统清除局部星形胶质细胞后，再次给予激光损伤无法造成明显的Inflare信号升高。相对的，通过表达caspase-3消除局部神经元，或通过化学遗传学（hM4Di + CNO）沉默神经元活性并未影响FLA诱发的Inflare。局部小胶质细胞的清除也未影响激光诱发的Inflare升高。这说明星形胶质细胞是FLA诱发Inflare的最重要细胞来源。为探索Inflare释放的分子机制，作者选择了可能介导ATP释放的潜在蛋白，并在急性脑片体系中检测加入对应分子阻断剂后观测其对Inflare释放的影响。结果发现，多种pannexin 1半通道的阻断剂均有效阻断FLA诱发的Inflare，而对照和其他候选分子的抑制剂则无效。更进一步，作者通过遗传学手段构建了星形胶质细胞特异性<em>Panx1<\/em>敲除的转基因小鼠，发现星形胶质细胞的pannexin 1通道对于Inflare释放是必须的，而特异性敲除神经元的Panx1则没有影响，支持了星形胶质细胞作为释放细胞来源。对应的，在星形胶质细胞中过表达Panx1可显著增加损伤诱发的Inflare数目。该结果表明星形胶质细胞的pannexin1半通道开放介导了损伤后主动的ATP释放。<\/span><\/p><section><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406129443.png\" title=\"202406129443.png\" alt=\"555.png\"\/><\/p><section><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图四  Inflare为星形胶质细胞以钙依赖的方式通过pannexin 1通道释放<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>小胶质细胞通过解码Inflare信息从而感知损伤<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Inflare具备编码损伤信息的能力，并在时间和空间上与小胶质细胞响应过程高度相关。然而，小胶质细胞是否能从Inflare编码的损伤信息中解码这些信息仍需要进一步的实验证明。研究者通过在同样激光损伤背景下，敲除星形胶质细胞<em>Panx1<\/em>（cKO）以下调损伤编码，或过表达Panx1上调编码，研究后续小胶质细胞应答是否跟随Inflare的编码信息。<em>Panx1<\/em>条件性敲除小鼠中，小胶质细胞响应损伤的能力被强烈抑制，而在Panx1过表达鼠中该过程则得到了增强。这种小胶质细胞迁移能力与Inflare之间相匹配，而非与原初损伤之间的定量关系说明小胶质细胞具有解码Inflare信息的能力，并且Inflare编码的损伤信息是小胶质细胞感知原初损伤的主要来源。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">相似的，研究者们接下来测试了改变Inflare信号编码是否可以影响损伤结果。以局部细胞凋亡作为损伤结果的指标，研究者们发现在星形胶质细胞<em>Panx1<\/em>敲除小鼠中，FLA诱导的细胞凋亡大大减轻。相反，通过Panx1过表达增强Inflare加剧了FLA后的细胞凋亡。该结果与上述小胶质响应一致，进一步说明损伤结果与Inflare高度相关，其与损伤信息的匹配则依赖正确的Inflare信息编码和呈递。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121489.png\" title=\"202406121489.png\" alt=\"666.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图五  Inflare的信息编码介导损伤和小胶质细胞响应之间的匹配<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>抑制卒中过程中的Inflare风暴有助于行为康复<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为了确定Inflare是否广泛存在于人类疾病相关的多种脑损伤过程中，研究者们应用小鼠大脑动脉闭塞（MCAO）作为卒中（中风）的动物模型，观测其不同时段脑内ATP的动态变化。令人惊奇的是，在卒中的不同阶段Inflare释放体现出特异的变化，其并非随着损伤时间延长而逐渐增高，表明内源损伤编码可能具有更加复杂的调节过程。仅进行假手术的小鼠（Sham）或表达ATP1.0-mut的小鼠在卒中过程中未观测到Inflare的显著上升，而星形胶质细胞<em>Panx1<\/em>敲除或阻断剂丙磺舒（probenecid，PBN）注射的小鼠中Inflare也显著降低，表明此时的Inflare具有同样的分子机理。在血液再灌注12小时后，研究者们观测到了皮层Inflare的强烈爆发，其相比激光损伤模型中的频率有超过10倍的提升，暗示此时的内源损伤应答很可能处于过度异常的状态，可能伴随着过度损伤反应并引起次发损伤。通过注射丙磺舒抑制Inflare后，发现小鼠由卒中造成的大脑梗死区域显著减少，且在愈后表现出较低的神经功能异常评分和更强的运动和平衡能力。综上所述，该结果表明内源Inflare介导的正确损伤信息编码和呈递对于损伤应答具有重要意义，而其异常很可能作为诱因导致损伤相关疾病的发生和发展。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406126600.png\" title=\"202406126600.png\" alt=\"777.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图六  小鼠卒中模型中Inflare的过度应答及其阻断对卒中康复的效果<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>总结<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406123633.png\" title=\"202406123633.png\" alt=\"888.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本工作揭示了在内源性损伤中，ATP分子不仅可作为细胞破碎后被动泄露的死亡信号，还可由损伤附近的星形胶质细胞以Inflare的模式主动释放，并以其时空特异性的频率分布，在多维信号空间中对损伤信息进行准确且全面的编码和呈递。脑内应答的小胶质细胞可解码Inflare传递的损伤信息，并基于其指导而进行相应程度的损伤修复及应答。该过程可形象比喻为长城上应对外敌而点燃的烽火台，其中传递信号的烽火就如Inflare一般可长距离高效的指示方向。相应的，异常的胶质细胞互作或其内部信号的改变均有可能造成损伤信号传递的失常，正如长城中未及时点燃烽火，或是烽火戏诸侯（在无外敌的情况下点燃烽火）均会造成错误的应答和严重后果。该信号在疾病模型中的存在及其重要功能提示靶向Inflare的检测和干预有望作为后续损伤疾病的诊断及治疗的新思路。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>作者信息<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">该研究工作由北京脑科学与类脑研究所井淼实验室完成。北京脑科学与类脑研究所科研助理陈阅、博士研究生栾朋伟、副研究员刘娟为该研究论文的共同第一作者，研究员井淼为通讯作者。已毕业硕士生韦叶兰在分子机制探索中做出重要贡献。博士研究生王晨雨和武瑞在相关的分子克隆和质谱检测中做出了重要贡献。论文合作者包括中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所的武照伐博士。本工作得到了科技部国家重点研发计划项目“政府间科技创新合作项目”，科技部STI2030重大项目，北京市新星计划及北京市博士后科学基金的大力支持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240614\/202406141278.png\" title=\"202406141278.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>参考文献<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; 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Davalos, D.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> et al.<\/em> ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Nat Neurosci <\/em>8, 752-758 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1038\/nn1472<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;\">5. Meyrat, A. & von Ballmoos, C. ATP synthesis at physiological nucleotide concentrations.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Sci Rep<\/em> 9, 3070 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1038\/s41598-019-38564-0<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;\">6. Rock, K. L. & Kono, H. The inflammatory response to cell death. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Annu Rev Pathol <\/em>3, 99-126 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1146\/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151456<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;\">7. Wu, Z. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">et al. <\/em>A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Neuron <\/em>110, 770-782 e775 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.11.027<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;\">8. Wang, Y.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> et al. <\/em>Accurate quantification of astrocyte and neurotransmitter fluorescence dynamics for single-cell and population-level physiology. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Nat Neurosci <\/em>22, 1936-1944 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1038\/s41593-019-0492-2<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>论文链接<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-024-01680-w\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-024-01680-w<\/a><\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-06-14","description":"中枢神经系统的损伤，包括来源于交通事故、跌落等外源性创伤以及伴随着卒中、病毒感染等造成的内源性病理变化，是目前全球范围内致死致残的首要因素之一，严重影响了人类健康和社会经济发展1,2。遗憾的是，目前治疗创伤的大多数手段侧重于应对创伤源头本身，将其视为相对被动的、由细胞死亡引发的过程，而忽略了大脑内部对损"},{"id":"387","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"“中国医学科学院北京脑和类脑研究院” “北京协和医学院脑和类脑学院”揭牌成立","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240612\/1718176642155678.jpg","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为贯彻落实习近平总书记“努力把中国医学科学院建设成为我国医学科技创新体系的核心基地”重要指示精神和北京国际科技创新中心战略部署，6月12日上午，在北京市政府的关心支持下，中国医学科学院北京协和医学院（以下简称“院校”）与北京市科学技术委员会、中关村科技园区管理委员会（以下简称“北京市科委、中关村管委会”）及北京脑科学与类脑研究所（以下简称“北京脑科所”）召开深化合作推进会，紧密围绕构建国家脑科学科技创新体系核心基地和建设世界一流脑科学新型研发机构的目标，合作建设“中国医学科学院北京脑和类脑研究院”“北京协和医学院脑和类脑学院”。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">中国医学科学院北京协和医学院王辰院校长、李青副院校长、王峥纪委书记，北京市科委、中关村管委会张继红主任、龚维幂副主任，昌平区支现伟区长，北京脑科所饶毅联合所长、罗敏敏联合所长以及有关部门负责同志出席会议。会议由龚维幂副主任主持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121646.jpg\" title=\"202406121646.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A0298.JPG\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">三方本着“优势互补、强强联合，合作共建、互利共赢”以及“共建、共享、共有、共用”的原则，在科技创新、教育教学、人员聘任、技术平台共享、科技成果转化等方面开展全方位深度合作，建立更加紧密、高效的科技、教育、人才“三位一体”协同发展机制，共同擘画合作发展新蓝图，共同开启合作共建新征程，共同谱写合作共赢新篇章，加强国家战略科技力量建设，共同建设我国医学科技创新体系的核心基地。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121893.jpg\" title=\"202406121893.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A0235.JPG\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">罗敏敏联合所长介绍了北京脑科所建设情况、建设目标、下一步工作重点，他表示，进入新的建设阶段，将进一步优化科研布局，围绕聚焦、调整、突破、生态，推进人才、技术平台、科研、知识产权与成果转化、对外合作、机构建设与运行保障等加强脑医学科学核心基地的建设。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121665.jpg\" title=\"202406121665.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A0283.JPG\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">张继红主任表示，北京脑科所成立6年以来，不断创新运行机制，充分发挥多学科生态优势，在优秀人才引育、原创成果产出、脑机接口工程化开发等方面取得了长足的发展。北京脑科所与院校的此次合作共建必将对我国脑科学研究与临床、教育的高水平协同发展产生积极而长远的影响。希望双方以合作为契机，行稳致远，一是要提高站位，积极融入和服务国家战略；二是要保持定力，持续发挥新型研发机构体制机制的创新活力；三是要强化协同，加快推动科技成果转化落地。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121593.jpg\" title=\"202406121593.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A0321.JPG\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">王辰院校长指出，脑科学与类脑研究是人类认识自然与自身的终极挑战，目前已成为大国竞争的科技领域战略制高点。北京脑科所作为北京市按照世界一流水平目标重点推进建设的、具有独立法人资格的新型研发机构，一直致力于脑科学与类脑研究，并卓有成效。院校与北京脑科所在脑科学这一战略性、前沿性科技领域的深化合作，是贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示精神的实际举措。此次深化合作是建立开放性、高水平、国际化的全新脑医学科学科技创新体系，可进一步扩充和增强院校脑科学与脑疾病研究力量，补齐短板，完善布局，立足于国家、民族、科学、医学重大需求，建立一种医疗卫生体系科学研究、人才培养的新范式，加快推进国家医学科技创新体系核心基地建设。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406123393.jpg\" title=\"202406123393.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A0354.JPG\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">王辰院校长、李青副院校长、王峥纪委书记，张继红主任、龚维幂副主任，支现伟区长，饶毅联合所长、罗敏敏联合所长共同为“中国医学科学院北京脑和类脑研究院”“北京协和医学院脑和类脑学院”揭牌。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240612\/202406121636.jpg\" title=\"202406121636.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A0469.JPG\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">揭牌仪式后，院校和北京脑科所相关职能部门就科研、人事、研究生培养、财务、成果转化、信息化建设等方面进行了深入的交流与沟通，共同推进“中国医学科学院北京脑和类脑研究院”“北京协和医学院脑和类脑学院”建设工作落实落地。<\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-06-12","description":"为贯彻落实习近平总书记“努力把中国医学科学院建设成为我国医学科技创新体系的核心基地”重要指示精神和北京国际科技创新中心战略部署，6月12日上午，在北京市政府的关心支持下，中国医学科学院北京协和医学院（以下简称“院校”）与北京市科学技术委员会、中关村科技园区管理委员会（以下简称“北京市科委、中关村管委会”"},{"id":"384","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"2024北京科技周｜北京脑所成果展","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240531\/1717142620239270.png","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240531\/202405319499.png\" title=\"202405319499.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">5月25日-6月1日，2024年北京科技周主场活动于石景山区首钢园11号馆正式举办。本届北京科技周主场活动以“弘扬科学家精神，激发全社会创新活力”为主题，集中展现北京在新质生产力核心领域的关键技术攻关成果。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本次线下展览中，北京脑科学与类脑研究所共面向公众展出3项重大成果，包括与北京芯智达神经技术有限公司合作研发的“北脑一号”、“北脑二号”智能脑机系统，以及健达九州（北京）生物科技有限公司的“新型光敏蛋白用于基因治疗失明”项目。此外，北京脑所在科技周云展厅线上展出了“基于组织透明化技术的神经连接图谱成像技术平台”、“大视场高通量光片显微技术”以及健达九州“靶向、精准基因治疗难治性癫痫”3个项目的最新进展。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240531\/202405311685.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202405311685.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240531\/202405319136.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202405319136.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240531\/202405311225.png\" style=\"\" title=\"202405311225.png\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"background-color: rgb(141, 179, 226); font-size: 18px;\"><strong>项目简介<\/strong><\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1. “北脑一号” 智能脑机系统<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“北脑一号”智能脑机系统采用自主研发的高密度柔性脑皮层（ECoG）电极、大通道数高速神经电信号采集设备，为运动康复、语言解码等临床应用提供微创、安全、高精度的脑机接口系统。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">采用柔性聚合物和微纳加工技术研制的柔软贴合、高通道数高密度的μECoG电极已完成原型开发，通过大小动物在体实验，验证了电极与脑组织的共形接触，能够大幅降低接触阻抗，显著提高脑电记录的信噪比和空间精度。正在与临床合作，计划于2-3年内完成人体颅内长期植入，完成运动解码、中文语言解码等算法开发，对标国际前沿，实现解码瘫痪患者书写想象的神经活动，以及通过脊髓电刺激技术与个体化电刺激调控模型，实现瘫痪患者运动能力的大幅提升等成果。<\/span><\/p><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-size: 14px;\">2. “北脑二号” 智能脑机系统<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“北脑二号”智能脑机系统采用自主研发的高通量柔性微丝神经电极、大通道数高速神经电信号采集设备以及运动解码算法，已成功搭建高性能的运动想象脑机接口系统，实现非人灵长类动物对二维运动光标的灵巧脑控拦截，为新一代神经假肢开发奠定了基础。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“北脑二号”利用国际首创的前馈控制策略开发运动解码算法，是国际上首次实现能与二维运动目标交互的侵入式脑机接口；自研高通量柔性微丝电极使用高生物相容性材料，具有和大脑组织接近的机械特性和极高的时空分辨率，在体神经元长期稳定记录等关键性能指标，达到世界领先水平。具备大通道数、高采样率、低延时等特性的神经电信号采集设备，满足侵入式实时脑机接口的链路需求，达到国际先进水平。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-size: 14px;\">3. 新型光敏蛋白<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">用于基因治疗失明<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">中国失明人群约有700万人，世界范围内失明人数是中国的5倍多。本项目自主发现了一种新型光敏蛋白，通过自主设计的腺相关病毒载体将新型光敏蛋白表达在失明患者的视网膜神经节细胞，使神经节细胞获得感光能力，预期可使失明患者再度感光并且恢复部分视觉功能。本项目的<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">药物设计方案全部来自项目研发团队的源头创新成果，拥有完全自主的知识产权，药物开发阶段和预期效果处于国际领先地位。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-size: 14px;\">4. 基于组织透明化技术的神经连接图谱成像技术平台<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">新型透明化技术可将小鼠全身包括大脑、骨头、内脏器官在内的所有组织变透明从而实现三维成像。基于该技术初步建立起高速神经连接图谱的成像与数据分析平台，可以清晰地追踪大脑内单个神经元在三维空间的完整走向，并完成了世界上第一个外周感觉神经从手掌到脊髓的完整三维投射成像。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-size: 14px;\">5. 大视场高通量光片显微技术<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">高通量大视场曲面光片显微技术采用自主研制的显微物镜，以及自主研发的激光光片照明和样品扫描技术，可观察神经元在整个神经系统中的分布和连接方式，满足全脑追踪投射神经元需求，揭示大脑功能和结构之间的关系，为神经科学研究提供重要支持，并为揭示神经功能和疾病机制提供重要线索。该技术比现有商业产品成像通量高5-6倍，在国际上首次实现大于1×1cm2视场无需拼接的高清光学切片成像，突破了传统光片显微镜只能达到毫米级成像视场的局限。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-size: 14px;\">6. 靶向、精准基因治疗<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">难治性癫痫<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">癫痫是最常见的神经系统疾病之一，全球约1%的人口受到癫痫发作的影响，中国约有900万癫痫患者。本项目通过AAV基因递送载体，在癫痫病灶特异性表达一个受体，可以通过生物学方法对癫痫发作病灶区的神经元活性进行调节，从而达到精准降低癫痫病灶神经元活动的效果，从源头阻断癫痫疾病的发生。本项目属于源头创新，从药物的设计、开发到核心技术均来源于本项目团队，也是目前全球唯一开展临床研究的基因治疗重度癫痫的药物。<\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-05-31","description":"5月25日-6月1日，2024年北京科技周主场活动于石景山区首钢园11号馆正式举办。本届北京科技周主场活动以“弘扬科学家精神，激发全社会创新活力”为主题，集中展现北京在新质生产力核心领域的关键技术攻关成果。本次线下展览中，北京脑科学与类脑研究所共面向公众展出3项重大成果，包括与北京芯智达神经技术有限公司合作研发的"},{"id":"385","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"技术服务 | 北京脑所实验动物中心服务内容","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240531\/1717143237210265.png","content":"<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">实验动物中心（中关村生命科学园实验动物公共开放平台）是北京脑科学与类脑研究所（以下简称北京脑所）的重要辅助平台之一，为北京脑所、所外机构提供实验动物相关技术服务支撑。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212); text-decoration: underline;\">北京脑所实验动物设施<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">具有实验动物生产许可证和实验动物使用许可证，拥有4万个小鼠IVC笼位、3000个大鼠IVC笼位和150个非人灵长类笼位。<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 4个啮齿类实验动物屏障设施<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 1个非人灵长类实验动物屏障设施<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 1个啮齿类动物生物安全二级实验室（已在北京市卫生健康委员会备案46种病原体）<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(84, 141, 212); text-decoration: underline;\">北京脑所实验动物中心服务内容<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">实验动物饲养繁育<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 实验动物饲养、繁育<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 转基因啮齿类委托繁育（含基因型鉴定）<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 实验动物饲养、繁育培训<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">兽医服务<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 实验动物质量检测和设施环境检测<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 实验动物健康和福利<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 实验动物设施使用培训<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 行为学实验室、手术间<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">实验动物及相关物品订购<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 提供北京脑所自繁的C57BL\/6J、CBA等小鼠品系，包含见栓鼠、精确孕鼠、老龄鼠等<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 转基因动物共享资源<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 订购国内外实验动物、饲料<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">辅助生殖、生物净化和快速扩繁<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 生物净化（小鼠、大鼠）<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 快速扩繁（小鼠、大鼠）<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 胚胎冷冻与复苏（小鼠、大鼠）<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 精子冷冻与复苏（小鼠），单精注射（小鼠）<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 卵巢移植（小鼠）<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">体内药效评价和手术模型等服务和培训<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 动物体内药效评价（啮齿类）<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">     抗肿瘤药效评价（CDX、PDX模型）、代谢性疾病药效评价（T2DM、DIO、NASH模型）等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 动物手术模型（啮齿类）<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">     脑立体定位手术、小鼠胚胎电转、小鼠骨髓移植、大、小鼠颈动脉栓塞（MCAO）、肺纤维化、大、小鼠颈上神经节结扎、小鼠联体共生、小鼠颈静脉插管、卵巢移植（小鼠）、雄鼠结扎、卵巢摘除等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 注射给药<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">     颅内、灌胃、尾静脉、玻璃体内、腹腔、皮下、皮内、心内、肌肉、气管等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 采集血液、体液<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">     眼眶静脉丛、颌下静脉、心脏采血，脑脊液等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">实验仪器设备<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 病理设备<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：脱水机、包埋机、石蜡切片机、振动切片机、冰冻切片机等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 手术设备<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：大鼠、小鼠脑立体定位仪、啮齿类动物呼吸机、猴脑立体定位仪、猴麻醉呼吸机、心电监护仪、电子高频电刀、猴ICU住院箱等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 成像设备<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：小动物活体成像仪、近红外成像设备、Micro-CT、Insight系列激光扫描光声显微镜（INNO LASER）等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 生物学设备<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：生物辐照仪、酶标仪、Real-time PCR仪、PCR仪、凝胶成像仪、离心机等<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 其他设备<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：环氧乙烷灭菌仪、拉针仪、煅针仪、磨针仪等<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\">服务联系方式<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">若有相关需求，请与实验动物中心申老师联系！<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 联系人<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：申老师<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 联系方式<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：13269913788（微信号同步），010-81912634，larc@cibr.ac.cn<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">· 实验动物中心地址：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">一期<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：北京市昌平区中关村生命科学园科学园路26号院北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/p><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">二期<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：北京市昌平区中关村生命科学园医科路9号院3号楼北京脑科学与类脑研究所<\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-05-28","description":"实验动物中心（中关村生命科学园实验动物公共开放平台）是北京脑科学与类脑研究所（以下简称北京脑所）的重要辅助平台之一，为北京脑所、所外机构提供实验动物相关技术服务支撑。北京脑所实验动物设施具有实验动物生产许可证和实验动物使用许可证，拥有4万个小鼠IVC笼位、3000个大鼠IVC笼位和150个非人灵长类笼位。· 4个啮"},{"id":"379","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑所团队揭示下联合器在大脑发育中的重要作用 | Nature Neuroscience","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240514\/1715652893637756.png","content":"<p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">我们的大脑有超过上千亿神经细胞，在这个精密的大脑世界里，有近千个不同的亚脑区，其中有一些极其微小，功能成谜。<strong>脑下联合器<\/strong>（Subcommissural Organ, <strong>SCO<\/strong>），一直被认为是脑中“谜”一样的存在，有人称之为器官或者腺体，它的体积只占脑的万分之一，且功能未知。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2024年5月13日，来自北京脑科学与类脑研究所戈鹉平团队与孙文智团队，以及美国Wisconsin-Madison大学李灵军团队研究人员合作在<span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><em><strong>Nature Neuroscience<\/strong><\/em><\/span>上发表了文章<strong>The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides，发现SCO是一个分泌多肽的微小腺体，却极大的影响了神经系统的发育。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405142558.png\" title=\"202405142558.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">SCO隐藏在大脑中央很深的部位<span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图，红色区域，毕湛迎绘）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405142318.png\" title=\"202405142318.png\" alt=\"222.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">上方有大量神经轴突从一侧大脑穿梭到对侧，下方的中脑导水管流淌脑脊液。从分布上看，SCO位于神经连接及脑脊液循环的关键部位<span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405141999.png\" title=\"202405141999.png\" alt=\"333.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">从生物进化上看，SCO是一种古老而保守存在的器官，几乎贯穿脊柱动物的发育进化史。它到底有什么神奇的功能呢？很遗憾的是，由于SCO结构甚小，分布隐秘，研究难度大，至今功能不明。在少数有关SCO的研究中发现，小鼠SCO可以合成一条极其纤细（1–2微米）的“Reissner's fiber（赖斯纳氏纤维）”，简称为RF。RF以SCO为起点，贯穿脊髓腔，终止于脊髓末端<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图）<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">。科学家发现，当斑马鱼缺失RF后，脊柱形成畸形弯曲<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图）<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">，因此推测SCO可能通过RF来维持脊椎的发育。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405141843.png\" title=\"202405141843.png\" alt=\"441.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">然而，关于SCO存在太多疑问：为什么它明明是大脑的一部分，却被称为“器官”，而不是“脑区”？在更高级的哺乳动物乃至人类当中，SCO是否存在更多神奇而不为人知的功能？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">SCO研究十分困难。首先，成年小鼠的SCO只有约6000个细胞，难以定位或者大批量收集（横截面宽度相当于三根头发丝粗细）；更重要的是，目前没有特异性标记SCO的转基因动物，无法系统地开展遗传性实验。<strong>在本研究中，张亭亭博士和她的合作者首次构建出特异性标记SCO的转基因小鼠，并通过遗传学的方式成功去除了SCO中的这些细胞，从而突破了该领域无特异性标记或者调控SCO的转基因小鼠的瓶颈，开创了SCO研究的新时代。<\/strong>  <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"><br\/><\/p><p><\/p><section style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">首先，研究者们通过转录组分析在SCO中找到了三个高度特异表达的基因，分别为<em>Sspo、Spdef<\/em>和<em>Car3<\/em>，其中<em>Sspo<\/em>在小鼠全身水平极其特异的表达在SCO。进而构建了<em>Sspo-Cre\/CreER、Spdef-Cre<\/em>和<em>Car3-Cre<\/em>小鼠，这些小鼠可以和带荧光表达的报告基因小鼠杂交来观察SCO细胞的形态和发育，并在特定时空表达用于后续成像培养等实验。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究者们最终筛选出标记SCO特异性最高的转基因小鼠<em>Sspo-Cre<\/em>和<em>Sspo-CreER<\/em>, 这两种转基因小鼠均很好的标记了SCO区域，且在全脑甚至全身几乎无其他区域细胞被标记<span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图）<\/span>。<strong>他们创建的<em>Sspo-Cre<\/em>和<em>Sspo-CreER<\/em>两种转基因小鼠为特异性操纵SCO细胞活性打开了大门。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405146508.png\" title=\"202405146508.png\" alt=\"444.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><p><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">通过将<em>Sspo-Cre<\/em>和<em>Sspo-CreER<\/em>与<em>DTA<\/em>小鼠进行杂交，研究者们成功去除了子代小鼠的部分或者绝大部分SCO细胞。研究团队发现，当小鼠缺失SCO后，它们体型矮小，行动障碍，总体存活率很差。进一步发现，SCO缺陷小鼠的脑明显膨出，皮层很薄，局部皮层坍塌凹陷。脑切片显示，小鼠的脑室明显扩张，出现严重的大脑发育畸形。这些结果揭示SCO对大脑的生长发育是非常重要的，它是大脑生长发育不可或缺的一个重要器官<span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图）<\/span>。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405144220.png\" title=\"202405144220.png\" alt=\"555.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">之后，研究团队通过和Wisconsin-Madison大学李灵军团队、国家蛋白质科学中心（北京）贾辰熙团队以及北京脑所李溱团队合作，运用多肽组学分析从SCO中解析出三个神经肽，分别为Tβ4、Tβ10和NP24。其中的NP24是SCO中首次发现的新肽，到目前为止，没有在其他部位发现该神经肽的合成。SCO像水泵一样，将这些神经肽释放到脑脊液中，进而这些神经肽随着脑脊液广泛渗透到大脑的各个区域。它们参与了神经元生长发育的诸多环节，包括有效促进神经元突起的发育、神经元的迁移以及维持神经元的存活状态，从而保证了大脑正常的生长发育状态<span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405141950.png\" title=\"202405141950.png\" alt=\"666.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">当研究人员将这三种神经肽混合或者单独通过侧脑室注射到SCO缺失的小鼠中，可以一定程度上延长小鼠的生命时长，改善小鼠脑部的畸形结构，包括皮层的发育状态和脑室的扩张程度<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">（见图）<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">。因此，该研究团队认为，SCO可以通过其释放的神经肽发挥对大脑生长发育的调控作用。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240514\/202405141399.png\" title=\"202405141399.png\" alt=\"777.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">该研究不但系统地揭示了SCO这个神秘小器官在神经元及大脑生长发育中的重要角色，还明确了它是一种可以分泌神经肽的腺体，它的神秘面纱已经被研究人员们逐步揭开。该研究中构建的<em>Sspo-CreER<\/em>和<em>Sspo-Cre<\/em>转基因小鼠是SCO研究领域的重要进步，将为今后研究SCO提供两个十分珍贵的遗传操纵工具。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在临床工作中存在很多先天性脑发育畸形伴发脑积水的患者，有些患儿在出生后甚至胚胎发育期就存在脑部发育异常，但发病原因不明确。在这些患者里是否存在一部分人群是由于SCO功能缺陷导致的呢？如果可以在较早时期在患者的脑脊液中检测SCO分泌的相关神经肽，或通过影像及时追踪SCO的发育变化，很有可能明确一部分先天性脑积水患者的发病原因。SCO相关的神经肽还可能作为药物为这些先天性脑积水或者脑发育异常的患者提供更多的治疗机会。SCO，只占大脑的万分之一，看似微小却光芒闪耀。它还有很多神秘的角色等待研究者去揭秘。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">论文信息<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所戈鹉平实验室的张亭亭为本文第一作者，艾道盛在数据分析方面提供重要支撑，美国Wisconsin-Madison大学的魏平莉和马冯飞博士在神经肽分析部分做出突出贡献，此外，戈鹉平团队的毕湛迎、李凤至、陈行军、张照环、邹潇潇、郭宗培、封紫嫣等，国家蛋白质科学中心（北京）的徐颖及德州大学西南医学中心邢超教授等为本文做出了重要贡献。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">论文链接<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-024-01639-x\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-024-01639-x<\/a><\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-05-14","description":"我们的大脑有超过上千亿神经细胞，在这个精密的大脑世界里，有近千个不同的亚脑区，其中有一些极其微小，功能成谜。脑下联合器（Subcommissural Organ,SCO），一直被认为是脑中“谜”一样的存在，有人称之为器官或者腺体，它的体积只占脑的万分之一，且功能未知。2024年5月13日，来自北京脑科学与类脑研究所戈鹉平团队"},{"id":"374","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"重大成果：“北脑二号” 智能脑机接口系统正式发布","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240426\/1714090146770671.jpg","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">4月25日上午，2024中关村论坛正式开幕，北京脑科学与类脑研究所（“北京脑所”）通过论坛发布脑机接口、基因治疗、研究技术等一系列最新研究成果。其中，“北脑二号” 智能脑机接口系统作为重大成果，于本届论坛开幕式首次发布。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“北脑二号” 智能脑机接口系统由北京脑所与北京芯智达神经技术有限公司合作研发。系统基于自研高通量柔性微丝电极、千通道电生理记录系统、实时编解码算法等关键技术，完成全链路系统构建，在全球首次实现猕猴通过意念控制对二维运动目标的脑控拦截。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在动物实验中，“北脑二号” 智能脑机接口系统通过植入猕猴脑部的电极，采集并解码猕猴运动意图。当猕猴意图拦截屏幕中出现的运动光标时，系统可通过首创的前馈控制策略运动意图解码算法解码运动意图，并控制机械臂实现实时拦截。与半侵入式采集脑皮层电信号的“北脑一号”系统不同，此次发布的“北脑二号”对标国际脑机接口领域最新进展，采用侵入式采集单神经元电信号，将电极植入猕猴大脑，大幅提升信号采集与解码的精准性。自主研发的1024通道柔性微丝电极生物相容性极高，具有和大脑组织接近的机械特性和极高的时空分辨率，在猕猴颅内稳定植入将近一年，可同时记录500-600个单细胞（single-unit）亚毫秒精度的数据，通道数、信噪比、长期稳定性等主要技术指标均达到世界领先水平，解决了大规模单细胞信号长期稳定记录和实时解码的国际前沿难题。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240426\/202404261116.jpg\" title=\"202404261116.jpg\" alt=\"WechatIMG1469.jpg\"\/><\/p><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">“北脑二号”的千通道高速神经电信号采集设备<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><p><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">临床方面，芯智达已于2023年与天坛医院、宣武医院和三博脑科医院合作三项临床研究，分别为运动功能的脑皮层信号解析技术研究、功能电刺激反馈式脑机接口系统在运动失能患者中的研究，以及语言解析技术研究，目前均已进入数据采集阶段，未来极有望为因创伤、脑卒中、渐冻症等造成的肢体瘫痪或失语患者提供治疗方案。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在本届中关村论坛展览中，北京脑所还将在“脑科学与类脑”展区展出其他7项最新研发成果，包括大视场高通量光片显微技术、耳聋基因和细胞治疗方案、基于组织透明化技术的神经连接图谱成像技术、非接触式微纳矩阵自动移液工作站、基于脑网络连接的无创光电干预，以及健达九州（北京）生物科技有限公司基因治疗失明、基因治疗难治性癫痫等成果。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p>","date":"2024-04-25","description":"4月25日上午，2024中关村论坛正式开幕，北京脑科学与类脑研究所（“北京脑所”）通过论坛发布脑机接口、基因治疗、研究技术等一系列最新研究成果。其中，“北脑二号” 智能脑机接口系统作为重大成果，于本届论坛开幕式首次发布。“北脑二号” 智能脑机接口系统由北京脑所与北京芯智达神经技术有限公司合作研发。系统基于自研"},{"id":"369","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Nature | 北京脑所罗敏敏团队与北生所邵峰团队揭示脑内皮细胞GSDMD的激活是炎症性血脑屏障破坏的关键机制","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240418\/1713405887710511.png","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2024年04月17日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏团队与北京生命科学研究所邵峰团队合作在<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><em>N<\/em><\/strong><em><strong>ature<\/strong><\/em><\/span>上发表题为<strong>Brain endothelial GSDMD activation mediates inflammatory BBB breakdown<\/strong>的研究论文。该论文深入探讨了革兰氏阴性菌感染或LPS刺激下，脑内皮细胞中的caspase-4\/11-GSDMD信号通路的活化导致了脑内皮细胞的膜通透性增加和细胞焦亡，最终造成了血脑屏障的炎症性破坏。这一发现不仅阐明了炎症性血脑屏障破坏的关键分子与细胞生物学机制，也为未来的血脑屏障破坏相关的神经系统疾病治疗提供了新的理论基础和潜在的治疗靶点。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240418\/202404182134.png\" title=\"202404182134.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">血脑屏障（Blood-brain-barrier，简称BBB）是维持中枢神经系统正常功能的重要结构，由内皮细胞（endothelial cells）、壁细胞（mural cells）、星形胶质细胞（astroctyes）、小胶质细胞\/巨噬细胞（microglia\/macrophages）以及神经元（neurons）共同构成，是神经血管单元（neurovascular unit）的特殊性质之一。血脑屏障的内皮细胞通常不具备允许物质自由通过的开窗结构（fenestration），却拥有致密的紧密连接体（tight junctions）以及特殊的载体介导的物质转运系统。此外，内皮细胞的转胞吞作用（transcytosis）受到了严格的抑制。血脑屏障为脑组织与外周循环系统之间提供了一道天然的防线，有效阻止了不必要或潜在有害的物质侵入中枢神经系统，同时它还能有选择性地将必需的营养物质输送至中枢神经系统<sup>1<\/sup>。然而，在病原体感染或系统性炎症的情况下，血脑屏障的功能可能会受到破坏。这可能促进或直接导致一系列中枢神经系统疾病的发生与发展，如阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症、败血症相关脑病等。特别是在革兰氏阴性菌感染引起的败血症的情况下，细菌外壁成分脂多糖（也称内毒素或LPS）进入循环系统后，会引发血脑屏障的炎症性破坏，从而加剧败血症相关脑病的发展。明确革兰氏阴性菌感染如何引起血脑屏障的炎症性破坏具有重要的治疗潜力，但关于引发这一现象的关键分子及其细胞生物学机制，至今仍不完全明确<sup>2<\/sup>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">LPS是革兰氏阴性菌细胞外壁的一类重要组成成分，能够被宿主细胞表面的模式识别受体“TLR4\/MD2复合体”结合。一旦LPS被TLR4\/MD2复合体结合，宿主细胞便通过NF-kB或IRF等关键信号通路，启动下游基因的表达，并诱导多种炎症因子的产生，这对于宿主抵御细菌感染发挥着至关重要的作用3。长期以来，科研界普遍认为LPS通过TLR4介导的转录调控作用是其破坏血脑屏障的主要机制，这可能通过影响包括紧密连接蛋白在内的基因表达，进而增加血脑屏障的通透性。然而，除了在细胞膜表面的识别机制之外，侵入细胞内的LPS还能被小鼠的caspase-11或人类的caspase-4\/5识别。这些caspase蛋白在细胞内与LPS结合后发生寡聚化并激活，随后切割其底物GSDMD并释放GSDMD-N端结构域。游离的GSDMD-N端结构域在细胞膜上寡聚并形成孔洞，导致细胞膜通透性增加。最终，GSDMD-N端的强烈激活会引发细胞焦亡。众多研究已经证实，caspase-4\/5\/11-GSDMD这一通路的异常激活是LPS刺激导致小鼠死亡的主要原因，并且在临床上，它也是革兰氏阴性菌感染引起的败血症导致患者器官衰竭和死亡的关键因素之一。虽然这一通路主要在免疫细胞（如巨噬细胞）中被研究，但近年来的研究发现它在肠上皮细胞等非免疫细胞中也发挥重要作用，这些线索暗示其在非免疫细胞中也可能参与重要的生理或病理过程<sup>3<\/sup>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在本研究中，作者首先采用了一种广泛报道的内毒素休克小鼠模型，通过单次腹腔注射LPS来诱导。通过使用不同分子量和化学特性的示踪剂染料（包括~70-kDa Evans blue\/albumin、44-kDa HRP、10-kDa TMR-dextran以及433-Da sulfo-NHS-biotin）以评估血脑屏障的完整性，作者观察到LPS刺激能够导致野生型（Wild-type, WT）小鼠的血脑屏障发生显著破坏。然而，在<em>Tlr4<\/em>基因敲除（<em>Tlr4<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>）、<em>Casp11<\/em>基因敲除（<em>Casp11<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>）或<em>Gsdmd<\/em>基因敲除（<em>Gsdmd<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>）的小鼠中，并未发现血脑屏障破坏的明显迹象。尽管在人类细胞中caspase-4是组成型表达的，但在小鼠中，caspase-11的表达受到模式识别受体TLR家族的诱导。因此，作者提前通过腹腔注射模式识别受体TLR3的激动剂poly(I:C)，以不依赖TLR4的方式促进caspase-11的表达。令人意外的是，在这种条件下，<em>Tlr4<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠对LPS刺激引起的血脑屏障破坏表现出明显的反应，而<em>Casp11<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>或<em>Gsdmd<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠仍然没有血脑屏障破坏的现象。进一步地，作者使用最为灵敏的小分子量示踪剂sulfo-NHS-biotin进行实验，结果显示低剂量（2 mg kg<sup>-1<\/sup>）的LPS刺激能够引起poly(I:C) 预处理的WT小鼠血脑屏障的破坏，而<em>Casp11<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>或<em>Gsdmd<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠则未表现出这种破坏。这些结果表明，caspase-11\/GSDMD通路是LPS刺激导致血脑屏障破坏的关键因素。先前的研究表明，血液循环中的LPS首先与游离的LBP蛋白结合，并被呈递给游离的或细胞膜上的CD14受体。CD14不仅能将LPS呈递给TLR4\/MD2复合体，启动下游的转录通路，还被报道参与了LPS的细胞内吞作用<sup>4<\/sup>。利用poly(I:C)诱导+LPS刺激的内毒素休克小鼠模型，作者发现<em>Lbp<\/em>基因敲除（<em>Lbp<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>）或<em>Cd14<\/em>基因敲除（<em>Cd14<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>）的小鼠并不响应LPS诱导的血脑屏障破坏。这一发现暗示，LPS可能通过LBP-CD14转运\/内吞通路进入细胞内部，进而激活caspase-11\/GSDMD通路，从而导致血脑屏障的破坏。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240418\/202404184867.png\" title=\"202404184867.png\" alt=\"222.png\"\/><\/p><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图1 LPS刺激引起的血脑屏障破坏依赖于caspase-11\/GSDMD通路<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">随后，作者深入研究了caspase-11和GSDMD在小鼠大脑中的表达情况。通过免疫荧光染色技术，作者发现GSDMD蛋白特异性地在小鼠的脑血管内皮细胞中表达，而非血管壁细胞。为了更全面地理解脑内皮细胞在系统性炎症发生时的信号转导变化，作者对WT和<em>Gsdmd<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>成年小鼠的脑运动皮层进行了高质量的单细胞RNA测序分析。有趣的是，他们观察到，虽然脑内皮细胞本底不表达或低表达<em>Casp11<\/em>和<em>Cd14<\/em>；在LPS刺激下，<em>Casp11<\/em>和<em>Cd14<\/em>的表达却在脑内皮细胞中得到了显著上调。此外，通过mRNA荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术，研究结果进一步证实了caspase-11在脑内皮细胞中的本底表达水平非常低，但在LPS刺激下会出现显著的上调。单细胞RNA测序分析不仅突出了脑内皮细胞是对系统性LPS刺激反应最为迅速和强烈的中枢神经系统细胞类型，还揭示了在这些细胞中，与炎症、免疫反应和细胞因子通路相关的多个基因的表达水平发生了显著的上调。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240418\/202404181537.png\" title=\"202404181537.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图2 脑内皮细胞强烈响应LPS刺激<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">接着，作者采用透射电子显微镜对LPS诱导的血脑屏障破坏区域进行了细致的超微结构成像分析。成像结果显示，脑内皮细胞及其周围的血管结构发生了显著的变化，而这些变化依赖于GSDMD的活性。具体来说，受损血管的部分内皮细胞出现了细胞核凝聚和细胞质皱缩的细胞焦亡现象，这些细胞残骸仍然通过紧密连接或其他细胞间连接结构附着在血管壁上。同时，这些受损血管的内皮层从血管的基底膜层发生了脱落，并且邻近的脑实质区域常常伴随着水肿的发生。值得注意的是，在<em>Gsdmd<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠中，这些超微观层面的结构性破坏并没有被观察到。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240418\/202404181638.png\" title=\"202404181638.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图3 LPS刺激引起WT小鼠的血脑屏障出现超微的结构性破坏<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在接下来的研究中，作者采用了由上海分子细胞卓越中心周斌团队开发的<em>Dre-rox<\/em>和<em>Cre-loxP<\/em>双重重组酶转基因小鼠<sup>5<\/sup>（由<em>Tie2-Dre; Mfsd2a-CrexER<\/em>构成，简称<em>bEC-Cre<\/em>小鼠），这一系统能够高效且特异性地在脑内皮细胞中进行遗传操作。通过将<em>bEC-Cre<\/em>小鼠与<em>Gsdmd<sup>flox\/flox<\/sup><\/em>小鼠杂交，作者成功得到了一种特异性敲除脑内皮细胞中<em>Gsdmd<\/em>基因的小鼠模型（简称GD-CKO小鼠）。此外，作者还利用特异性靶向脑内皮细胞的AAV-BI30腺相关病毒<sup>6<\/sup>（由美国博德研究所Benjamin E. Deverman团队和哈佛大学顾成华团队共同开发），在<em>Gsdmd<sup>flox\/flox<\/sup><\/em>小鼠的脑内皮细胞中表达Cre重组酶，同样实现了高效敲除脑内皮细胞的Gsdmd基因（简称AAV-GD-CKO小鼠）。在预先给予poly(I:C)处理的条件下，GD-CKO和AAV-GD-CKO小鼠均能有效避免LPS刺激引起的血脑屏障破坏。作者进一步通过AAV-BI30腺相关病毒或另一种靶向脑内皮细胞的AAV-BR1腺相关病毒<sup>7<\/sup>（由德国奥格斯堡大学附属医院Martin Trepel团队开发），特异性地恢复<em>Gsdmd<\/em><sup>-\/-<\/sup>小鼠脑内皮细胞中的<em>Gsdmd<\/em>表达。实验结果显示，只有回补了野生型的GSDMD蛋白，而非切割位点突变型（D276A）的GSDMD蛋白，才能使<em>Gsdmd<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠恢复对LPS刺激下血脑屏障破坏的敏感性。此外，作者还培育了<em>bEC-Cre; Ai14; Gsdmd<sup>+\/+<\/sup><\/em>小鼠和<em>bEC-Cre; Ai14; Gsdmd<sup>flox\/flox<\/sup><\/em>小鼠，这些小鼠的脑内皮细胞特异性表达tdTomato荧光蛋白，使得他们首次能够在体内条件下观察到因GSDMD依赖性的细胞膜通透性增加而导致的细胞内蛋白的丢失。在<em>bEC-Cre; Ai14; Gsdmd<sup>+\/+<\/sup><\/em>小鼠中，血脑屏障破坏区域的脑内皮细胞显著丢失tdTomato信号，并且这些细胞往往大量摄取sulfo-NHS-biotin示踪剂，而这种现象在<em>bEC-Cre; Ai14; Gsdmd<sup>flox\/flox<\/sup><\/em>小鼠中并未观察到。最后，作者通过AAV-BR1腺相关病毒在<em>Rosa26<sup>LSL-mGsdmd-N\/+<\/sup><\/em>小鼠的脑内皮细胞中特异性表达iCre，从而人为地在脑内皮细胞内表达GSDMD-N端结构域。这一操作无需LPS刺激，即能实现依赖于GSDMD的血脑屏障破坏。以上的实验结果表明：GSDMD的激活引发的细胞膜通透性增加和细胞焦亡是LPS诱导血脑屏障破坏的关键分子和细胞生物学机制。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240418\/202404184176.png\" title=\"202404184176.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图4 脑内皮细胞GSDMD的激活改变血脑屏障通透性<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">肺炎克雷伯菌（<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">，简称<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">K. pneumoniae<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">）是一种广泛存在于自然环境中的条件致病菌，它能够感染人类的呼吸系统、泌尿系统、神经系统和血液系统。作为继大肠杆菌之后的第二大导致血液感染的革兰氏阴性菌，肺炎克雷伯菌也是社区获得性感染和医院内感染的常见病原体之一。在本研究中，作者揭示了肺炎克雷伯菌的LPS能够通过<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">CASP4-GSDMD<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">通路，以触发人类上皮细胞系HeLa细胞和人脑内皮细胞系hBMEC细胞发生细胞焦亡。与小鼠相比，人类对LPS的毒性表现出更高的敏感性，这可能归因于几个关键因素：首先，小鼠的caspase-11需要经过感染或\/和炎症的诱导才能表达，而人类的caspase-4通常是组成型表达的；其次，小鼠的caspase-11与人类的caspase-4在底物选择性上存在差异；最后，人类的caspase-4相较于小鼠的caspase-11展现出更强的LPS识别能力和底物切割能力。因此，CASP4转基因小鼠模型（<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">CASP4<sup>Tg<\/sup><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">小鼠）对低剂量LPS的毒性表现出更高的敏感性<\/span><sup style=\"text-align: justify;\">8<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">，这一特性使其成为模拟临床败血症\/脓毒症的更加精确的模型。在<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">CASP4<sup>Tg<\/sup><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">小鼠中，不需要预先的poly(I:C)处理，仅仅2 mg kg<\/span><sup style=\"text-align: justify;\">-1<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">的LPS刺激就足以引起血脑屏障的破坏；而在<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">CASP4<sup>Tg<\/sup>; Gsdmd<sup>-\/-<\/sup><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">小鼠中，这种破坏并未发生。这提示<\/span><em style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">CASP4<sup>Tg<\/sup><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">小鼠响应LPS刺激引起的血脑屏障破坏仍然依赖于GSDMD。利用AAV-BI30腺相关病毒在WT小鼠的脑内皮细胞中特异性地表达高亲和力的GSDMD抑制型纳米抗体VHH<\/span><sub style=\"text-align: justify;\">GSDMD-<\/sub><sub style=\"text-align: justify;\">1<\/sub><sup style=\"text-align: justify;\">9,10<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">，作者发现，LPS引起的血脑屏障破坏得到了显著的缓解。同样，在感染AAV-BI30-VHH<\/span><sub style=\"text-align: justify;\">GSDMD-1<\/sub><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">腺相关病毒的CASP4<\/span><sup style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tg<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">小鼠中，肺炎克雷伯菌感染导致的血脑屏障破坏也显著减轻。这些发现强调了脑内皮细胞中GSDMD激活在肺炎克雷伯菌感染引起的血脑屏障破坏中的核心作用，并指出利用抑制型纳米抗体靶向脑内皮细胞中的GSDMD可能成为一种有效的治疗策略，以保护血脑屏障免受革兰氏阴性菌感染的侵害。<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240418\/202404182068.png\" title=\"202404182068.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图5 肺炎克雷伯菌通过激活脑内皮细胞的GSDMD导致血脑屏障破坏<\/span><\/p><\/section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">本篇论文的研究成果为血脑屏障领域的一个长期悬而未决的问题提供了明确的答案：证实了在系统性炎症环境下，由LPS刺激引发的血脑屏障破坏，主要是由脑内皮细胞中caspase-4\/11-GSDMD通路的激活所引起的。激活的GSDMD在脑内皮细胞的细胞膜上形成孔洞，增加了细胞膜的通透性。GSDMD的过度激活触发脑内皮细胞经历裂解性死亡——细胞焦亡。细胞膜通透性的增加和细胞焦亡的发生共同促进了脑与外周循环系统之间的物质交换，这构成了血脑屏障炎症性破坏的新机制。GSDMD的发现无疑为其作为药物靶点提供了巨大的潜力。一方面，针对GSDMD的靶向激动剂设计，可能成为调节血脑屏障通透性的新策略，为跨血脑屏障递送中枢神经系统疾病治疗药物开辟了新的视野。另一方面，通过开发针对GSDMD的靶向抑制剂，我们或许能够在革兰氏阴性菌感染患者需要时，为他们的血脑屏障提供有效保护，减轻中枢神经系统的损伤。综上所述，该论文不仅将GSDMD的研究推进到了神经科学的新领域，而且从分子和细胞层面深入阐释了细菌感染和LPS刺激如何导致血脑屏障的破坏。这些发现不仅丰富了我们对血脑屏障功能的认识，也为治疗与血脑屏障破坏相关的神经系统疾病提供了新的思路和潜在的治疗方向。<\/span><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240418\/202404181460.png\" title=\"202404181460.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">图6 GSDMD破坏血脑屏障模式图<\/span><\/p><p><strong><br\/><\/strong><\/p><p><strong>参考文献<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; 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A critical role for human caspase-4 in endotoxin sensitivity. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Immunol <\/em>193, 335-343 (2014).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">9. Schiffelers, L. D. J. et al. Antagonistic nanobodies reveal mechanism of GSDMD pore formation and unexpected therapeutic potential. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">bioRxiv<\/em>, 2023.2004.2020.537718 (2023).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">10. Kopp, A. et al. Pyroptosis inhibiting nanobodies block Gasdermin D pore formation.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Nat Commun<\/em> 14, 7923 (2023).<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p><strong>论文信息<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏实验室的副研究员韦超博士和北京生命科学研究所邵峰实验室的博士后蒋唯博士为本文共同第一作者。罗敏敏实验室的博士后王睿宇博士完成了该研究的单细胞RNA测序与分析的工作，对本论文有重大贡献。论文的其他作者还包括北京脑所的高辛未、钟诗琳博士、于凤婷、郭青春博士、张力博士；北生所的钟皓宇、何华斌博士；德国波恩大学的Florian I. Schmidt博士、Lisa D.J. Schiffelers；中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心的周斌博士；以及德国奥格斯堡大学附属医院的Martin Trepel博士。罗敏敏博士和邵峰博士为该论文的共同通讯作者。此外，南京医科大学的韩峰博士和卢应梅博士，华中农业大学的王湘如博士，美国纽约西奈山伊坎医学院的JD Buxbaum博士，北生所的动物中心和电镜中心，以及北京脑所的动物中心、基因组学中心、光学影像中心和载体工程中心，对本论文提供了帮助。本研究由国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目，国家重点研发计划项目，中科院战略性先导科技专项，中国医学科学院医学创新单元，科技部科技创新2030-“脑科学与类脑研究“重大项目，北京市政府，以及腾讯新基石研究员项目资助，在北京脑所和北生所完成。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><section><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p><strong>论文链接<\/strong><\/p><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07314-2\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07314-2<\/a> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\">视频链接<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/BGjB3WTW7Kc5HlmJ9yodlQ<\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-04-17","description":"2024年04月17日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏团队与北京生命科学研究所邵峰团队合作在Nature上发表题为Brain endothelial GSDMD activation mediates inflammatory BBB breakdown的研究论文。该论文深入探讨了革兰氏阴性菌感染或LPS刺激下，脑内皮细胞中的caspase-4\/11-GSDMD信号通路的活化导致了脑内皮细胞的膜通透性增加"},{"id":"365","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑所5位研究员入选2023“中国高被引学者”榜单！","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240403\/1712122001226869.png","content":"<section style=\"margin: 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;\"><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; line-height: 2; visibility: visible;\"><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2024年3月27日，爱思唯尔 (Elsevier) 重磅发布<strong>2023“中国高被引学者”<\/strong> (Highly Cited Chinese Researchers) 榜单。<strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏、Carlos Ibanez、马继延、Akihiro Yamanaka、杨玉超5位PI入选。其中，罗敏敏自2014年以来已连续10年上榜。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">此榜单以全球权威的引文与索引数据库Scopus作为中国学者科研成果的统计来源，致力于系统性地展示中国科研领域的人才分布现状，精准呈现各机构、高校优势学科构成及学术影响力，以及在关键技术研究和各重点领域的顶尖人才。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong>入选研究员介绍<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240403\/202404037511.png\" title=\"202404037511.png\" alt=\"222.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>罗敏敏<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-position: outside; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所联合所长、特聘研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京生命科学研究所资深研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">清华大学教授<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">清华大学IDG\/麦戈文脑研究所研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">新基石研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">长期从事动物行为的神经环路机制研究，在感觉系统、奖赏相关行为领域有重要发现。主要研究方向为：奖惩信号处理的神经环路机制及相关环路与人类精神疾病的关系；抑郁症药物靶点的发现和基因治疗；神经科学新技术。在<em>Science、Cell、Nature Methods、Neuron、PNAS<\/em>等国际重要期刊发表多篇论文。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240403\/202404032319.png\" title=\"202404032319.png\" alt=\"333.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Carlos Ibanez<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-position: outside; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所科研副所长、特聘研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京大学生命科学学院麦戈文脑研究所教授<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">主要研究方向为神经系统发育和代谢调控中生长因子及其受体的作用机制；神经免疫方向研究阿尔茨海默症神经病理学发生机制；代谢方面主要研究脂肪组织细胞龛多样性和可塑性、激活素受体ALK4和ALK7的作用机制及其可能治疗策略。在<em>Nature、Cell、Science、Neuron、PNAS<\/em>等国际重要期刊发表多篇论文。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240403\/202404036896.png\" title=\"202404036896.png\" alt=\"444.png\"\/><\/p><section><\/section><section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>马继延<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-position: outside; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所资深研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">主要研究神经退行性疾病中的蛋白错误折叠、帕金森症、朊病毒病、α-突触核蛋白病等方向。在<em>Science、J. Biol. Chem.、PLoS Pathog、J Neurosci、Acta Neuropathol Commun.、J Parkinsons Dis.<\/em>等国际重要期刊发表多篇论文。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240403\/202404032070.png\" title=\"202404032070.png\" alt=\"555.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><section><\/section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Akihiro Yamanaka<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-position: outside; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所资深研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">从事动物本能行为的研究，尤其是下丘脑多肽能神经元在动物睡眠与觉醒、进食、交配等行为中的神经调控机制。在<em>Science、Neuron、J Neurosci、Sleep、eLife<\/em>等国际重要期刊发表多篇论文。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20240403\/202404034877.png\" title=\"202404034877.png\" alt=\"666.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>杨玉超<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-position: outside; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所双聘研究员<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京大学长聘教授\/博雅特聘教授<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京大学信息工程学院副院长<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京大学人工智能研究院类脑智能芯片研究中心主任<br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">长期从事忆阻器、类脑计算、存算一体芯片等研究，研究方向包括：基于大生产平台的忆阻器规模化集成技术与忆阻原理研究；大算力、高能效存算一体化智能芯片；基于忆阻器动力学的高阶复杂度类脑器件与智能系统。在<em>Nature Electronics、Nature Reviews Materials、Nature Nanotechnology、Nature Communications、IEDM<\/em>等国际重要期刊发表多篇论文。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“中国高被引学者”方法论<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">爱思唯尔 2023“中国高被引学者榜单”在制作过程中，从多个维度观测学者指标，优化了学者学科归属和相应判定的方法。整体入选条件保持不变。该榜单基于以下条件，分析中国学者的科研成果表现：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1. Scopus收录的科研成果发表署名机构为中国（大陆）机构的作者，且现职工作单位在中国，包括非中国籍和非华裔学者。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2. 仅统计上述学者作为第一作者或通讯作者发表的科研成果。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">3. 根据Scopus教育部一级学科分类体系进行上述学者的科研成果分类。每个学科上榜的学者数量与Scopus收录该学科中国机构署名的作者数量相关。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">4. 在榜单统计的上述学者（第一作者或通讯作者文献）需要满足：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1）被收录文献数一篇以上（不含）<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2）被收录文献的总被引次数达到本学科阈值条件<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">3）至少有一篇全球前1%高被引文献，或学者作为第一作者或通讯作者发文整体FWCI高于1<\/span><\/p>","date":"2024-03-28","description":"2024年3月27日，爱思唯尔 (Elsevier)重磅发布2023“中国高被引学者”(Highly Cited Chinese Researchers)榜单。北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏、Carlos Ibanez、马继延、Akihiro Yamanaka、杨玉超5位PI入选。其中，罗敏敏自2014年以来已连续10年上榜。此榜单以全球权威的引文与索引数据库Scopus作为中国学"},{"id":"346","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"eLife︱饶毅实验室研究进展：从化学分析和生物化学到电生理的多学科途径提示肌酸为新的神经递质","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20231229\/1703832240135725.png","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">饶毅实验室研究进展：<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(203, 23, 23);\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">从化学分析和生物化学到电生理的多学科途径提示肌酸为新的神经递质<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">卞希玲、祝婕敏、贾晓波为共同第一作者，梁文君、余思涵、李志强、张文霞为共同作者，饶毅为通讯作者。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">神经化学生物学实验室<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1.6px;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1.6px;\">北京大学 (北大IDG\/麦戈文脑研究所、北大清华生命科学联合中心、生命科学学院、化学与分子工程学院化学生物学系、医学部药学院分子与细胞药理学系)，北京脑科学研究所，首都医科大学\/首都医学科学创新中心，昌平实验室，深圳湾实验室分子生理学研究所，中国医学科学院医学神经生物学研究单元<\/span><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312291469.png\" title=\"202312291469.png\" alt=\"111.png\" width=\"734\" height=\"399\" style=\"width: 734px; height: 399px;\"\/><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(52, 78, 108);\">摘要<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 197, 41);\"> <\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 197, 41);\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">发现神经递质，特别是中枢神经系统的，既重要、又困难。我们十二年来寻找新的神经递质。我们在突触囊泡(SV)中检测到肌酸 (Cr)，水平低于谷氨酸(Glu) 和伽马氨基丁酸 (GABA)但高于乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 和五羟色胺 (5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)。如果剔除小鼠合成肌酸的酶之一精氨酸：甘氨酸眯基转移酶(AGAT) 的编码基因、或剔除编码SLC6A8的基因(在这一肌酸转运蛋白基因的突变是男性智障最常见的突变) ，都可以显著降低SV内的肌酸。在刺激脑片后，可以检测到肌酸释放。<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">和<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">突变小鼠的肌酸释放减少。肌酐抑制新皮层椎体细胞。肌酸转运进入突触小体需要SLC6A8。我们发现SV摄入肌酸依赖ATP。我们的生物化学、化学、遗传和电生理结果都与肌酸是神经递质的可能性一致，虽然未达到目前经典神经递质的证明程度。我们发现神经递质的途径是先分析SV中内涵，再确定其功能和生理。<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 197, 41);\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 197, 41);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(52, 78, 108);\">引言<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 197, 41);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">神经信号传递取决于神经细胞与其靶细胞之间的化学传递<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">1-6<\/sup>。神经传递依赖于神经递质、神经调质和神经肽等化学分子。确立一个分子为经典神经递质需要几十年，有时道路曲折<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">7<\/sup>。胆碱能神经信号最初的线索在19世纪就有<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">8-11<\/sup>。胆碱<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">12,13<\/sup> 和乙酰胆碱 (ACh) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">14<\/sup>分子找到了几十年后到二十世纪初才知道其药理作用<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">15-17<\/sup>。Henry Dale 及其同事意识到ACh 作用与副交感神经刺激的相似<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">5,18 <\/sup>但直到 1929 才在体内发现ACh<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 19<\/sup>，到1934 年才证明ACh 是外周神经递质(PNS) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">20-22<\/sup>。 而用了一百多年才从发现肾上腺损害<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">23<\/sup>或切除<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">24<\/sup>的影响，观察到肾上腺的活性<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">25<\/sup>，分离其无活性衍生物<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">26-29<\/sup>，成功地分离肾上腺素<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">30-32<\/sup>，注意到肾上腺素与交感神经刺激的类似<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">3,4,33-35<\/sup>，到1940年代中期Ulf von Euler 证明去甲肾上腺素 (NA) 为交感神经递质<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 36-38<\/sup>。确立外周神经系统的神经递质不容易，确立中枢神经系统的神经递质就更困难。确立ACh为外周递质之后三十多年才确立其为中枢神经递质<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">39-41<\/sup>，确立NA为外周递质二十多年之后才确立其为中枢递质<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">42,43<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">如果神经递质只在中枢起作用，而在外周不起作用，要发现或证明这种递质困难大很多。大多数神经递质是按其对外周组织的作用而发现的，以肌肉收缩舒张为主要检出方法。谷氨酸 (Glu) <\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">44-47 <\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">和伽马氨基丁酸 (GABA) <\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">46,48-51<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> 的发现部分是由于他们的外周作用、部分是由于他们对脊髓神经元的作用。没有理由中枢递质必须还在外周起作用。但相对很少努力用于发现只在中枢神经系统起作用、而没有外周组织检定方法的小分子神经递质。不成熟的猜测和技术困难是近三十年寻找神经递质不是积极研究领域的主要原因。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">有没有更多的神经递质、能否发现它们? 经典神经递质存储于突触囊泡(SVs) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">52-60<\/sup>。电刺激导致其释放，之后要么被酶降解、要么被细胞膜的转运蛋白摄入突触前末梢、被囊泡转运蛋白摄入SV <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">61-66<\/sup>。大多数主要教科书列举三<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">67-69 <\/sup>或 4 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">70-72 <\/sup>个神经递质的标准：存在于突触前神经元中， 刺激后释放，作用与突触后神经元，移除机理。有些被通常接受为神经递质的分子病不符合不同教科书所列全部标准，但它们在中枢神经系统起重要的功能作用、其缺陷导致人类疾病。在长时间里，不同的小分子被提议为神经递质(例如，教科书46,73)，但它们都不符合全部标准。候选分子能否被可靠地在SV中检测到，常常、虽然不是所有时候，是问题所在(参见所引74)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">从2011年开始，我们积极寻找哺乳动物新的神经递质。我们试过不同的途径，包括在脑脊液(CSF)中寻找神经活性物质，追踪可能位于SV的转运蛋白。我们现在走完全的途径是从小鼠脑分离纯化SV，之后化学分析其内涵。我们发现了已知地址如Glu、GABA、ACh和五羟色胺(5-HT)。但更重要的是，我们在SV中可重复地发现肌酸(Cr) 。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1.6px;\">肌酸于1832年被Michel-Eugène Chevreul所发现 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">75,76<\/sup>，长期被认为是肌肉和脑中的能量缓冲<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">77-79<\/sup>。哺乳动物一半的肌酸被认为来自饮食、其余来自内源合成<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">80<\/sup>。多数肌酸存在于肌肉，但也有部分在脑中。虽然内源合成多在肾脏、胰腺和肝脏<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">77,81<\/sup>，但也有脑内合成的肌酸<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">80,82,83<\/sup>。<\/span><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1.6px;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">SLC是一个大的转运蛋白家族，有些跨细胞膜转运、有些跨囊泡膜转运。SLC6亚家族在人类有19个成员，依赖Na<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+ <\/sup>或H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup> 的梯度进行主动转运<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">84-89<\/sup>。SLC6也被称为神经递质转运蛋白 (NTT)家系，因为其中有些成员转运神经递质如GABA (由 SLC6A1或GABA 转运蛋白1, GAT1; SLC6A13或GAT2; SLC6A11或GAT3)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 90-93<\/sup>，NA (由SLC6A2或NA转运蛋白，NET) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">65<\/sup>， 多巴胺 (由SLC6A3或DAT) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">94-96<\/sup>，5-HT (由SLC6A4或五羟色胺转运蛋白，SERT)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 66,97<\/sup>，和甘氨酸 (由 SLC6A9, 或GlyT1；SLC6A5或GlyT2) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">90,98,99<\/sup>。肌酸由SLC6A8转运 (亦称肌酸转运蛋白CrT, CT1或CRCT) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">100-106<\/sup>。除了外周组织和器官， SLC6A8也表达于神经系统，主要是神经元中<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">82,104,107-109<\/sup>。SLC6A8 蛋白质位于神经元细胞膜上<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">109-111<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">SLC6A8在脑内的功能重要性由Slc6a8基因有缺陷的人所显示的症状所支持。Slc6a8 基因的突变见于有智障(ID)的病人，语言发育延缓、癫痫发作、自闭症样行为<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">112,113<\/sup>。这类疾病都归为肌酸转运缺陷 (CTD)，以ID 为显著特征。有些Slc6a8 基因突变的病人显示语言发育的特别敏感性，他们智障轻微而语言延缓严重<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">114<\/sup>。CTD占X染色体相关的智力滞后的1到2.1% <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">115-123<\/sup>。虽然CTD在智障男性特别高，也有女性CTD，大约携带率为0.024% <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">124<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>基因敲除小鼠<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">125-127<\/sup> 显示人类CTD病人的典型症状：早发、进行性学习记忆损害。在脑或在神经元特异敲除<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因的小鼠也显示学习记忆缺陷，而没有<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>在外周作用所导致的运动变化<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">128,129<\/sup>。在脑内多巴胺神经元特异敲除<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>导致运动过度<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">130<\/sup>。 这些结果表明SLC6A8 在神经元内发挥重要功能。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">肌酸缺乏综合症(CDS)是肌酸代谢先天疾病，可以有以下三个基因之一缺陷所致：胍乙酸甲基转移酶(Gamt)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">131<\/sup>，精氨酸-甘氨酸眯基转移酶(<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<\/em>)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">132,133<\/sup>, and <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">112<\/sup>。它们都有脑疾病说明脑内肌酸的功能重要性<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">134-137<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在此我们先从小鼠脑经过生物化学分离纯化SV，发现SV含肌酸，以及经典神经递质如Glu、GABA、ACh和5-HT。然后我们检测在升高细胞外钾离子(K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>)而使神经元去极化的时候，钙离子(Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>)依赖的肌酸、Glu和GABA释放，而没有检测到ACh和5-HT的释放。遗传敲除<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因或<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<\/em>基因都可以降低SV含肌酸的水平、降低刺激引起的肌酸释放。当把肌酸加到新皮层的脑片时，锥体细胞的活动被抑制。我们进一步验证肌酸可以被突触小体所摄取，并发现敲除<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因可以显著减少突触小体摄取肌酸。最后，我们发现肌酸可以被转运到SV中。因此，综合化学分析、生物化学、遗传学和电生理的多学科研究提示肌酸是新的神经递质，可以有找到肌酸受体来进一步证明。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 197, 41);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(52, 78, 108);\">结果<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 197, 41);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">小鼠脑内突触囊泡内检测到肌酸<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">为了寻找新的神经递质，我们试了几个途径。例如，我们用钙离子(Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>)成像检测脑脊液(CSF)中神经活性物质，但很难去除已知神经递质、选择潜在的新递质的反应。我们也把全部人类SLC的cDNA转染到小鼠脑分离到的原代神经元中，发现多于50个SLCs可以表达在SV。但是，当我们用CRISPR-Cas9标记小鼠一些候选SLC时，发现其中有些在中枢神经系统之外表达，而只是异位表达时才出现在SV上，内源的不在SV上。<\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312291931.png\" title=\"202312291931.png\" alt=\"222.png\" width=\"862\" height=\"1508\" style=\"width: 862px; height: 1508px;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;\">图1. 小鼠脑的SV存在肌酸。(A) Representative raw traces from CE-MS of indicated molecules from samples immunoisolated by the control IgG (blue) at 0-2 ºC, the monoclonal anti-Syp antibody at 0-2 ºC (red) and the anti-Syp antibody at room temperature (RT, green). Q1\/Q3 for identifying targets were indicated. (B-G) Quantification of the amounts of indicated molecules. The amount of a molecule was divided by the amount of the anti-Syp antibody bound to magnetic beads. Note Glu (B), GABA(C), ACh (D), 5-HT (E), Cr (F), but not alanine (G) was higher in SVs pulled down by the anti-Syp antibody at 0-2 oC than those pulled down by the IgG control or those pulled down at the RT. n=10 (B-E, and G) or 14 (F) samples per group, ***, p<0.001, ns, not significant. one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. <\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在此，我们用的途径是以纯化SV作为第一步(图1—附图 1A)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 138-145<\/sup>。 Synaptophysin (Syp) 是SV的特异标记<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">146-149<\/sup>，抗Syp抗体可以用于免疫分离SV<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">143,144,150-152<\/sup>。电子显微镜(EM)监测(图1—附图 1B左)显示纯化的囊泡均质性，平均直径40.44 ± 0.26 纳米 (数了596 个颗粒) (图1—附图1B, 右)，与以前对SV的描述一致<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">153,154<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">免疫印迹分析了神经元的二十个亚细胞标记物和神经胶质细胞的一个标记物 (图1—附图1C)显示我们的纯化高度有效，用抗-Syp抗体纯化后可以检测到SV的标记物，用对照免疫球蛋白(IgG)纯化的不行。SV蛋白包括Syp<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 146-149<\/sup>， synaptotagmin (Syt1) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">155<\/sup>，synatobrevin2 (Syb2) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">156,157<\/sup>， SV2A <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">158<\/sup>， H+-ATPase <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">159<\/sup>， 以及囊泡的突触转运蛋白如谷氨酸转运蛋白(VGLUT1, VGLUT2) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">160<\/sup>和GABA 转运蛋白(VGAT) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">161<\/sup>。抗-Syp免疫分离没有带下以下标记物：突触膜 (以SNAP23 为标记物) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">162-164<\/sup>，突触后成分 (以PSD95和GluN1为标记)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 165,166<\/sup>，高尔基体(以GM130和Golgin 97为标记) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">167,168<\/sup>，早期内吞体(以EEA1为标记) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">169<\/sup>，溶酶体 (以LC3B和组织蛋白酶B为标记), 细胞浆(以3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶GAPDH为标记), 线粒体(以电压依赖阴离子通道VDAC为标记)，细胞膜(以电压门控钙离子通道alpha 1亚基CACNA1A为标记)，轴突膜(以4型葡萄糖转运蛋白GluT4为标记) 和神经胶质细胞膜(以髓磷脂碱性蛋白MBP为标记)。这些结果表明我们获得的SV高纯度完好。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">为了检测和定量纯化的SV中缩合的候选递质小分子，使用和优化了毛细管电泳-质谱(CE-MS) (图 1A, 附图 1A)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 151,170<\/sup>。我们发现经典神经递质如Glu、 GABA、ACh和5-HT抗Syp抗体拉下的SV中水平显著高于对照IgG拉下的(图1 A-E)。与以前报道一致<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">144,151<\/sup>，只在摄氏0度，而不能在室温(RT)观察到免疫分离的SV中神经递质的富集(图1 A-E)。而另外的小分子丙氨酸(图1G)，其SV水平与对照没有提高。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Glu水平为 171.1 ± 5.4 pmol\/μg anti-Syp antibody(皮摩尔\/微克抗Syp抗体) (10次，图1B)，约十倍于GABA (n=10,17.81 ± 1.47，皮摩尔\/微克抗Syp抗体， 图1C)。ACh量为1.29 ± 0.10 皮摩尔\/微克抗Syp抗体(n=10, 图1D)，约为GABA的0.072。5-HT量为 0.096 ± 0.017 皮摩尔\/微克抗Syp抗体 (n=10, 图1E)。因此，我们的纯化和检测方法高度可靠、灵敏到可以检测已经确立的神经递质。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在同样情况下，我们可以检测到SV内含肌酸(n=14，图 1A和1F)。 SV内含肌酸量为3.43 ± 0.40皮摩尔\/微克抗Syp抗体(图1F)，约位Glu的 2% of Glu、 GABA的19%、ACh的266%、5-HT的3573%。这些差别不太可能是因为不同神经递质在单个SV的浓度差别所导致，而更可能是因为含不同神经递质的SV相对丰度的差别。小鼠脑内85%至90%的神经元是谷氨酸能的，而10%至15%为GABA能<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">171-173<\/sup>，这可以接受为什么我们检测到的Glu约位GABA的十倍(图 1B和C)。同样，胆碱能神经元 (5.67x105) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">174 <\/sup>占小鼠脑内神经元总数(约7千万)的0.81% <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">175<\/sup>，五羟色胺能神经元(约 2万6千个) 占全部神经元的0.037% <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">175,176<\/sup>。 假定在单个SV中每一种神经递质的含量相似，从以上资料可以推测小鼠脑中约1.3% 到2.15% 的神经元为肌酸能。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">为了区分与SV共分离的小分子是在囊泡内<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">143,144<\/sup>，还是附在囊泡外<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">154<\/sup>，我们检测了SV中这些分子存在的对稳定和氢离子(H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>)电化学梯度的依赖性。室温纯化的SV含肌酸量显著低于0 ºC免疫分离的 (图 1F)，支持肌酸是在SV内，而不是其外。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">经典神经递质存储在内部酸性环境的SV中(pH of 5.6 ~ 6.4)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 177-179<\/sup>。 为验证肌酸储存于SV内、检测H+电化学梯度的作用，我们在纯化SV的过程中用了药理抑制剂<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">74,180<\/sup>。用质子载体FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-4-(tri-fluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone)去除H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">+<\/sup>电化学梯度<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">180, 181<\/sup>。 FCCP 显著减少SV的肌酸和经典神经递质含量(图1—附图2A-E)。FCCP诱导的下降程度与不同分子的pKa 或PI (等电点)相关：5-HT (预计pKa 为 10 和9.31, 图1—附图2E) > Cr (PI约 ~7.94，图1—附图 2A) > GABA (PI 为7.33，图1—附图 2C) > Glu (PI为3.22，图1—附图2B)。可以驱散ΔpH 的K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>\/H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+ <\/sup>离子交换剂Nigericin <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">180,181<\/sup>也减少SV的肌酸和经典神经递质含量 (图 1—附图2A-E)。而且，在FCCP或nigericin存在的情况下，SV的肌酸降低到与对照IgG拉下的肌酐水平一样(图1—附图 2A)， 显示SV储存肌酸是依赖于H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>梯度的。作为对照，这些抑制剂并不改变SV非神经递质分子如丙氨酸的水平(图1—附图2F)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">缺乏<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因小鼠的SV含肌酸下降<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">位于X染色体的<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6A8<\/em>编码肌酸的转运蛋白，其缺乏功能 (LOF) 的突变在人<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">112,113<\/sup>和小鼠<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">125-130<\/sup>都导致行为的缺陷。为研究SLC6A8是否影响SV的肌酸，我们制造了<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因敲除的小鼠。用CRISPR\/Cas9基因修饰体系，用CreERT2-WPRE-polyA 替代了<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因外显子1的一部分(图2A)。反向转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR) (图2—图1A和B)以及定量真时反向PCR (qPCR，图 2—附图1C和D) 显示在雌性或雄性突变小鼠中不能检测到Slc6a8的mRNA，而在雌性杂合鼠(Slc6a8<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>)中其含量也显著降低。与以前的报道一致，Slc6a8 KO(基因敲除)小鼠的体重减低 (图2—附图2B 和D) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">125,182,183<\/sup>。 <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO 与野生型(WT)小鼠的脑中没有显著差别(图2—图2A和C)。<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312291451.png\" title=\"202312291451.png\" alt=\"333.png\"\/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">图2. SV含<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>和肌酸Cr in SVs. (A) A schematic illustration of the strategy for generating Slc6a8 knockouts using CRISPR\/Cas9. An iCreERT2-WPRE-pA cassette (~3.5 kb) was inserted immediately downstream of ATG in the Slc6a8gene, substituting bp 4 to bp 51 in exon 1 (E1). (B) Representative raw traces of Creatine immunoisolated by control IgG from WT mice (blue), the anti-Syp antibody from WT mice (red), IgG from <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO mice (blue) and the anti-Syp antibody from <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO mice (red). (C-H) Quantification of indicated molecules. Note the selective reduction of Cr in SVs from <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO mice. n=14 samples per group. ***, p<0.001, ns, not significant. one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. <\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><\/section><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">当我们检测抗-Syp抗体对比Igg拉下的SV的内含，只有肌酸含量下降，而经典神经递质的含量没有下降(图2 B-H, 图2—附图3A-E)。虽然IgG拉下的肌酸含量在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y <\/sup><\/em>与<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">+\/Y<\/em><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/sup>小鼠之间没有显著差别，抗-Syp抗体从,<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>小鼠拉下的SV肌酸含量约为同窝WT (<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em>) 小鼠脑拉下的三分之一(n =14, 图2B-C)。与IgG对照相比，WT小鼠SV富集肌酸，而<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>小鼠的SV不富集肌酸(图2B 和C)。在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em>小鼠，经典神经递质都在SV中富集(相比于IgG对照) (图2D-G,图2—附图3A-D)。SV含Glu (图2D和图2—附图3A)、GABA (图2E和图2—附图3B)、ACh (图2F 和图2—附图3C)、5-HT (图2G和图2—图3D) 的量在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>小鼠与<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em>小鼠之间无显著差异。WT小鼠的SV不富集的分子如丙氨酸，也不受<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em> KO所影响(图2H和图2—附图3E)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO小鼠中分离的SV所含肌酸的特异下降，不太可能是由于技术伪迹。首先，从<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO小鼠获得的SV量减少的可能性被免疫印迹分析所排除，因为SV标记物如Syp、Syt及H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>-ATPase都没有降低(图2—附图4A)。其次，用峰面积定量高分辨率质谱(Q Exactive HF-X)收集的资料也揭示<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO小鼠选择性降低SV中肌酸(m\/z=132.0576)含量(n=8，图2—附图4B-G)。而Glu (n=8, 图2—附图4B, m\/z=148.0604)、GABA (n=8, 图2—附图4C, m\/z=104.0712)、ACh (n=8, 图2—附图4D, m\/z = 146.1178)以及 丙氨酸(n=8, Ala, 图3—附图4E, m\/z=90.055)的峰面积在用抗Syp抗体和对照IgG从WT和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em> KO小鼠拉下的SV之间都没有显著差别。但是，从WT小鼠拉下的SV之肌酸的峰面积(图2—附图4G)与肌酐幅度(n=8, 图2—附图4F) 信号都显著高于IgG拉下的，而从<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO小鼠拉下的却无差别。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">缺乏<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<\/em>基因小鼠的SV含肌酸下降<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">AGAT是催化肌酸合成第一步的酶<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">82,184<\/sup>，其缺陷也导致人脑Cr缺乏及智力滞后<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">132,133<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">为研究AGAT对于SV的肌酸是否必需，我们用了<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em>基因“knockout-first” 的小鼠(图6A) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">185<\/sup>。靶向盒含Frt (Flip重组位点)-包围的EnS2A、IRES::lacZ陷阱盒，flox位点包围的 neo 基因盒被插到第二个外显子的下游以干扰<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em>pre-mRNA的正常剪接。RT-PCR (图3—附图 1A)与定量RT-PCR (图3—附图1B) 检测显示<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠的<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em>mRNA 含量降低、而在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠中检测不到<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em>mRNA。Agat-\/-小鼠的体重(图3—附图2B)低于<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>以及<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠，但脑重(图3—附图2A)不低，这些类似<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO 小鼠。<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: normal;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312294423.png\" title=\"202312294423.png\" alt=\"444.png\"\/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">图3. Reduction of SV Cr in <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<\/em>基因剔除小鼠. (A) Representative raw traces of Creatine, pulled down by IgG or anti-Syp from Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/+<\/sup>, Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/-<\/sup> and Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">-\/-<\/sup> mice. (B-G) Quantification of indicated molecules. Cr was significantly decreased in Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">-\/-<\/sup> mice as compared to Cr in Agat+\/+ or Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/-<\/sup>mice (B). GABA was significantly decreased in SVs from <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>mice as compared to Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/+ <\/sup>mice (D) but the difference was smaller than that of Cr. Glu (C), ACh (E), 5-HT (F) and alanine was not different among <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat+\/+, Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em> and<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">-\/- <\/sup><\/em>mice. n=10 samples per group. ***, p<0.001, ns, not significant. one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. <\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><\/section><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">由定量分析Syp、Syt和H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>-ATPase所支持 (n=20，10个样本含两次重复)，免疫印迹分析显示<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>、<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>三种基因型小鼠脑内分离到的SV没有显著差异(图3—附图3A-D)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们分析从<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">、Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>三种基因型小鼠脑分离到的SV里面所含小分子。三种基因型得到的SV中肌酸含量都显著高于IgG对照(图3A和3B)。但是，脑SV内含肌酸水平在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠显著低于<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>与<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠 (n=10, 图3A和B)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Glu (图3C)、ACh (图3E)和5-HT (图3F)皆在SV中富集(相比于IgG对照)，而且在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/+<\/sup>、Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>三种基因型小鼠脑无显著差别。GABA in SVs from<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠脑SV的GABA低于<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>小鼠约30%，幅度不如肌酸(78.4%)。丙氨酸在三种基因型小鼠的SV中没有差别(n=6，图3G)。所以，<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em>KO小鼠的Cr和GABA下降，而其他神经递质没有下降。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">基因敲入小鼠所显示的SLC6A8基因表达范式<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们用CRISPR\/Cas9制造了<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">HA<\/sup><\/em>基因敲入小鼠。在SLC6A8蛋白质的C末端同框插入了三重血凝素标签(HA) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">186<\/sup>、T2A序列<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">187-189<\/sup>和CreERT2<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 190-193 <\/sup>(图4A)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">为检测SLC6A8表达范式，我们在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">HA<\/sup><\/em>和WT小鼠用抗HA抗原镞的抗体进行免疫细胞化学染色。<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">HA<\/sup><\/em>小鼠显示以下部位有阳性信号：嗅球(图4B)、梨状皮层(图4 C-F)、体躯感觉皮层(图4F和G)、腹后丘脑 (图4H)、脚间核(图 4I)和脑桥核(图4J)。此外，中等水平的免疫反应性还见于：运动皮层 (图4 D-H)、内侧缰核(图4H)、海马(图4H)和小脑(图4K)。这些结果与以前报告一致 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">109,111<\/sup>。 WT小鼠在抗HA抗体染色时阴性(图4 L和M)。<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312292369.png\" title=\"202312292369.png\" alt=\"555.png\"\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">图4. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">SLC6a8<\/em>表达模式. (A) A diagram illustrating the generation of<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">HA<\/sup><\/em> KI mice. 3*HA, T2A and CreERT2 were inserted in-frame, before the stop codon, to the C terminus of <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">SLC6A8 <\/em>protein. (B-K) Low magnification photomicrographs of coronal sections immunohistochemically labelled with the anti-HA antibody in <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">HA<\/sup><\/em> mice. (I and M) immunostaining with the anti-HA antibody in control WT mice. Abbreviations: Pir, piriform cortex; M, motor cortex; LS: lateral septum; Hp: hippocampus; Hb, habenular nucleus; Vp: ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus; Au auditory cortex; Amyg: amygdala; Ip, interpeduncular nucleus; Pn; pontine nucleus; Cb, cerebellum; Pr, prepositus; SC, Superior colliculus; MVe, medial vestibular nucleus. Scale bar: 500 μm. <\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><\/section><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">刺激引起的钙离子依赖的肌酸释放<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">刺激后，经典神经递质以Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖模式释放到突触间隙。例如，高钾(K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>)刺激脑片以Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖模式释放Glu、GABA和其他神经递质<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 194-198<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们用了前囟后1~2毫米(mm)处的冠状脑切片(厚300 μm)，因为皮层、丘脑、缰核和海马都呈SLC6A8阳性(参考图4H)。我们通过记录脑片神经元监测钾刺激的作用。在K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激后，海马CA1区域的椎体神经元立即去极化，发放一窜动作电位，不到一分钟(min)就达到大的去极化平台期(图5A)。K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激诱导的去极化持续几分钟，然后趋于基线，10 mins 可以洗脱。因此，K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激前后每1.5 min或洗脱后十分钟分别收集了1-min的流出液 (图5A)，其中的代谢物经CE-MS分析。<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312294861.png\" title=\"202312294861.png\" alt=\"666.png\"\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">图5. 野生型和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因敲除型小鼠脑片肌酸释放. (A) Neuronal depolarization induced by 70 mM K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+ <\/sup>and time points for collecting the release sample. “Control” samples were collected 1.5 min to 0.5 min before K+ stimulation, “70 mM K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+<\/sup>” ACSF samples were collected during 70 mM K+ stimulation, and “wash” samples were collected 10 mins after washout with ACSF. Efflux of Glu (B), GABA (C) or Cr (D) from WT or <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO male mice (n=7 samples per group). Note that a small amount of Cr released in <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO mice did not return to the baseline after 10 mins of washing. (E-G) Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2+<\/sup> dependent release of Glu, GABA and Cr in WT and <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO mice (n=5 samples per group). ***, p<0.001, ns, not significant. one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. #, p<0.05, ##, p<0.01，paired t test.<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><\/section><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>存在的情况下，提高细胞外K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>引起去极化造成来自WT <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">(Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em>)小鼠的脑片释放Glu和GABA (每组n=7，图5 B与C)。洗脱10 mins后，Glu和GABA的水平回归基线 (图5 B和C)。在Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>存在的情况下，提高K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>引起去极化导致肌酐释放。10min洗脱后，细胞外肌酸归于基线(图5D)。为了定量，刺激释放的代谢物是从K+刺激引起的总释放减去基线水平而得。在Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>存在的情况下，K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激引起Glu、GABA和肌酸流出速度分别为0.46、0.33和0.086 nmol\/min (每组n=7) (图5 B, C, D)。按我们系统检测ACh 和5-HT的极限，我们推测ACh流出速度低于0.001 nmol\/min、5-HT外流速度低于0.003 nmol\/min。脑片肌酸的流出速度低于Glu和GABA的，但高于ACh和5-HT的。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">递质释放的Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖性通过比较无Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>ACSF溶液而提高K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup> (补1 mM EGTA)，缺Ca2+而提高细胞外K+(补1 mM EGTA)，或K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup> 在2.5 mM Ca2+ (图5 E-G，每组n=5)。无Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>时，提高K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激引起小量、但显著量的Glu和GABA释放，流出速度分别为0.056和0.066nmol\/min (图5 E, F)。有2.5 mM Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>时，提高K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>进一步5到6倍地提升Glu和GABA释放，验证以前报道的去极化引起Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖的神经递质释放<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">194,196<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">肌酸也有Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖和Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>不依赖的释放(图5G)。有2.5 mM Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>时，K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激引起的肌酸释放多于缺Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>时K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激引起的肌酸释放。这些结果显示刺激后有钙依赖的肌酸释放。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<\/em>基因突变小鼠肌酸释放减少<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们检测<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO是否影响K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>引起的肌酸释放。<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO (<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em>) 小鼠脑片释放的Glu和GABA水平不显著低于WT小鼠(图5 B, C)，K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>小鼠脑片释放肌酸显著低于<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em>小鼠(图5D)。<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO (<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em>) 小鼠脑肌酸的基础水平就低于WT小鼠。另外，K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO小鼠脑片引起的肌酸释放即使是在洗脱十分钟后，还在持续，可能是因为<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO小鼠的突触前膜不能从突触间隙再摄取肌酸(图8)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">用 <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO (<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>) 小鼠脑片的实验显示<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>的基因型不影响Glu或GABA的释放(图5 E和F)。与之形成对照的是，<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>脑片完全没有Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup> 依赖的肌酸释放。有趣的是，不依赖Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>的肌酸释放只在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em>脑片降低三分之一，但没有达到统计显著性。缺Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>时，<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO小鼠不改变肌酸的基线水平。总结起来，这些结果显示刺激时有Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup> 依赖的肌酸释放，SLC6A8只特异的为Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup> 依赖的肌酸释放所必需，而不为Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+ <\/sup>依赖的其他神经递质如Glu和GABA的释放所必需，也不为Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>不依赖的肌酸释放所必需。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">剔除<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<\/em>基因(图6A)选择性地减少K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>引起的肌酸释放，而不影响Glu或GABA (每组n=5，图 B, C, D)。虽然K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激还能引起<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠脑片的肌酸释放，流出速度减到了<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>小鼠脑片的10%以下、<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>小鼠脑片的20%以下。<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312297838.png\" title=\"202312297838.png\" alt=\"777.png\"\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">图6. 野生型和Agat基因敲除型小鼠肌酸释放. (A) A schematic diagram illustrating the strategy of Agat knockout first. With the Agat gene (also known as Gatm) shown in the upper part, and the gene targeting strategy in the lower part. The homologous arm is approximately 10 kb. A targeting cassette, containing Frt-flanked lacZ and neomycin, was inserted downstream of exon 2. At the same time, exon 3 of Agat was flanked by two loxP sites. K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">+<\/sup> induced release of Glu (C) and GABA (D) were not significantly different among <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/+<\/sup>, Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>and <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>mice, whereas that of Cr (B) was significantly lower in <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">AGAT<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em> mice than those in <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>and <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/- <\/sup><\/em>mice.<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><\/section><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">肌酸抑制新皮层神经元<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们自己的资料(图4H)与以前的报道 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">109,111<\/sup>显示新皮层有SLC6A8，第4层SLA6A8-HA免疫反应神经纤维致密(图7—附图1A)<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 199,200<\/sup>。体躯感觉皮层的第5层神经元此前就被报道表达SLC6A8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 109,111<\/sup>。为研究肌酸的电生理作用，我们用全细胞膜片钳技术记录体躯感觉皮层的第4\/5层的椎体细胞 (图7 A和B，图7—附图1)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312291810.png\" title=\"202312291810.png\" alt=\"888.png\"\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">图7. 肌酸对皮层神经元的抑制作用. (A) A photograph showing recording at layer 4 in the somatosensory cortex. Scale bar: 10 μm. (B) Patch-clamp recording of a pyramidal neuron. Scale bar: 10 μm. (C) Ratios of Cr -responsive and -unresponsive neurons in the region. (D) Representative raw electrophysiological traces showing inhibition of evoked firing by Cr, with the lower panel showing the stimulus protocol. (E) Evoked spike numbers in response to different current injections from (D). (F) Relationship between evoked spike numbers and different current injections to neurons that were inhibited by Cr (n=16). (G) The same for Cr-unresponsive neurons (n=35). (H) Rheobase for Cr responsive neurons. (I) Evoked spike number when these neurons were injected with current of rheobase + 50 pA. (J) input resistance. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001, paired t test. <\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><\/section><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">记录了膜电容(Cm) 114.96 ± 3.92 pF (n=51，图7—附图A)、中等大小椎体细胞(Figure 7B)。这些神经元在去极化的电流注射后发放有规律的电冲动<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">201,202 <\/sup>(图7D和图7—附图3A)，温和的最大诱发发放频率为每500毫秒(ms) 10-30次发放(图7 E-G)，在去极化步骤之间发放间隔增加(图7D和图7—附图3A)，高动作电位幅度 (81.64 ± 1.06 mV，图7—附图2E)，以及大的发放半宽 (1.12 ± 0.031 ms，图7—附图2F)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">只在诱发发放模式达到稳态后，才在孵液中加肌酸。记录到的51个神经元中，16个被100 μM肌酸所抑制(图7 B-F)。在用肌酸期间，注射去极化电流(25 pA step, 500 ms)能够引起的对肌酸有反应的神经元发放冲动减少(图7 D-F)。肌酸的抑制作用可逆 (图7 D-F)，通常在加入肌酸后2-3min观察到作用 (最大作用在2到8mins)，而洗脱10到25min后消失。第二次使用肌酸可以重复。阈强度(引起动作电位的最低电流)，在给肌酸期间增加(图7H)。抑制作用最明显是在发放阈附近。用阈强度之上50 pA 电流去极化神经元时，如果用肌酸，诱导发放大大减少(图7I)。肌酸也能微弱地抑制输入电阻(图7J)，稍微超极化静息膜电位 (图7—附图2C)，降低第一次诱导动作电位后超极化(AHP)的幅度 (图7—附图2G)。发放阈值(图7—附图2D)，幅度(图7—附图2E)和半宽(图7—附图2F) 等不为肌酸所影响。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">其余35个神经元对肌酸没有反应(图7C和G，图7—附图3)。肌酸不改变其检测的电参数，包括发放频率(图7G，图7—附图3A, B和D)，阈强度(图7—附图2C)，静息膜电位(图7—附图2C)，发放阈幅度(图7—附图2E) 和半宽 (图7—附图2F)。另外，反应的神经元与不反应的神经元在电特征上没有显著差别。以记录有些的神经元数量来看，第4曾和4\/5层交界出反应神经元的比例似乎高于第5层深部(图7—附图1)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">突触小体摄取肌酸依赖于SLC6A8<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">神经递质释放到突触间隙后，清除它们的方式有酶促降解和转运蛋白介导的再摄取。突触小体含神经传递的机构，常被用于研究神经递质再摄取<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">203<\/sup>。<\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231229\/202312291547.png\" title=\"202312291547.png\" alt=\"999.png\"\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">图8. 突触小体和SV摄取肌酸. (A) Markers for subcellular organelles detected in synaptosomes prepared from WT mice or mice with Slc6a8 gene fused in frame to the HA epitope. SLC6A8-HA was enriched in synaptosomes (Sy or 4-Sy) or crude synaptosomes (P2) (see methods), as were other markers for the subcellular organelles in synaptosomes but not the marker for myelin (MBP). (B) Representative electron micrographs and histograms of size distribution in synaptosomes isolated from WT (<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">+\/Y<\/sup><\/em><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">) and Slc6a8 KO (<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 9px;\">-\/Y<\/sup><\/em><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">) mice by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation. Sy, synaptosome; SV, synaptic vesicles; Mt, mitochondria; PSD, post-synaptic density. Bar, 20 nm.  (C) Cr uptake into synaptosomes (n=5 per group). The two left columns were results from WT mice and the two right columns from Slc6a8 knockout mice. The control baseline was [<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">14<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">C]-Cr uptake at 0 ºC at 10 mins. Cr uptake into synaptosomes at 37 ºC measured at 10 mins was observed in WT synaptosomes. Uptake into <\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">knockout synaptosomes was significantly reduced when compared to the WT synaptosomes. ***, p<0.001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. (D) uptake of [<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 9px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">13<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">C]-Cr into immunoisolated SVs in the presence or absence of ATP. (n=11 samples per group)*, p<0.05, paired-t test.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">为研究突触小体摄取肌酸是否依赖SLC6A8，我们先检测SLC6A8是否存在于突触小体中。用<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">HA<\/sup><\/em><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">基因敲入小鼠和抗HA抗体，我们发现SLC6A8-HA存在于、并富集于突触小体粗提组分(图8A的P2组分，富集分：P2\/H = 1.76 ± 0.15, n = 4)，也存在于并富集于非连续Ficoll梯度获得的突触小体组分(图8A的Sy和4-Sy 等组分，富集分：Sy\/H = 2.02 ±0.14, n = 4)。突触小体的完整性有多个突触小体标记物所确定<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">203<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">，包括突触前末梢的突触前细胞膜标记物SNAP25 <\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">204<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">和SV标记Syp<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">146-149<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">，突触后致密标记PSD95 <\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">165,166<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">和突触后膜蛋白GluN1 <\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">205<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">，突触膜蛋白<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">162-164<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">， 细胞膜蛋白Na<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">+<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">-K<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">+<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">-ATPase<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> 206-208<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">，线粒体标记VDAC <\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">203<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">。这些都在突触小体制备中所富集。细胞浆标记GAPDH也存在与突触小体中，而少突胶质细胞标记MBP基本没有，提示很大程度被避免了髓磷脂污染<\/span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">203<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们还用电镜验证了我们的突触小体制备质量。如前报道<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">203,209<\/sup>，突触小体的组成为内充满SV的膜裹结构(图8B的Sy)，有时有一段突触后膜包括突触后致密 (图8B的PSD)和线粒体 (图8B的Mt)。The sizes of synaptosomes from WT和<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>基因剔除小鼠的突触小体大小相似，面积分别为0.245 ± 0.01 μm<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2<\/sup> (n=302颗粒)和 0.247 ± 0.01 μm<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2 <\/sup>(n=317颗粒) (图8B)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">然后我们检测SLC6A8是否参与突触小体摄取肌酸。18 μM [<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">14<\/sup>C]-肌酐 (总放射量为0.4 μCi)与5 μM肌酸混合，0 ºC、10 mins为基线<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">210<\/sup>。与0 ºC (Ctrl，图8C) 相比，WT小鼠突触小体在37 ºC摄取肌酸约被刺激7倍(Uptake，图8C)。Cr uptake into synaptosomes from <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>基因剔除小鼠制备的突触小体摄取肌酸不到对照的3倍，只有WT小鼠的约三分之一(图8C)。所以，SLC6A8对于突触小体摄取肌酸是必需的。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">SV摄取肌酸<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">经典神经递质被SV摄取依赖ATP<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">144,159,181,210,211<\/sup>。我们检测了肌酸能否被SV所摄取。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们用了10 μg的抗Syp抗体来纯化小鼠脑的SV。纯化的SV经过30 mins的预孵育以便内源肌酸充分漏出，然后与1 mM [<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">13<\/sup>C]-肌酸混合，在有或五4 mM ATP的情况下，放在25 ℃ 孵育10 mins以便合适的摄取。用CE-MS和高效液相色谱(HPLC-MS)分析SV内含 [<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">13<\/sup>C]-肌酸量。ATP存在时SV摄取[<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">13<\/sup>C]-肌酸量显著提高，约10.3 pmol [<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">13<\/sup>C]-肌酸转运进入SV(1.03 pmol\/μg 抗Syp抗体，转运速度为0.103 pmol\/min，n=11，图8D)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">总而言之，肌酸以ATP依赖的模式被转运进入SV。目前，我们不知道SV上的肌酸转运蛋白。SLC6A8仅见于细胞膜，未见于SV，不是SV摄取肌酸的转运蛋白候选分子。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">讨论<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">虽然没有任何一个神经递质是由一篇论文所证明，本文所提高的支持肌酸作为可能新神经递质的证据达到了此前任何单一论文的程度。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在不同时候、由不同研究者怀疑过多个分子可能是神经递质，如牛磺酸<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 46,212<\/sup>、 脯氨酸 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">73<\/sup>、 D-天门冬氨酸<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">213<\/sup>、 硫化氢 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">214<\/sup>、胍丁胺<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">215<\/sup>、 多巴 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">216<\/sup>、 雌二醇 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">217<\/sup>、 beta-丙氨酸 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">218<\/sup>、质子<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">219<\/sup>，但没有一个符合所有标准。有些被怀疑的分子可以被刺激诱导释放、或被转运蛋白移除。但常常他们不能可重复地在SV中检测到<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">74<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们在SV中发现肌酸显著地提高了检查肌酸作为候选分子的优先性。我们进一步的研究得到更多证据提示肌酸是神经递质： 1) Cr 储存于 SVs；2) 观察到了刺激引起的Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">++<\/sup>依赖的肌酸释放；3) SV储存肌酸和肌酸释放都在<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>或<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em>基因缺陷时降低；4) 肌酸抑制新皮层椎体神经元的活性； 5) 突触小体摄取肌酸需要SLC6A8；6) SV摄取肌酸依赖ATP。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">以上结果中，1、3、4和6在本文第一次发表。而且，我们显示了SV内含肌酸低于Glu和GABA，但高于ACh和5-HT，使肌酸水平置于已知中枢神经递质中等水平(图1-3)。SV存储肌酸依赖H<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>梯度(图1—附图2)，肌酸可以被摄取如SV (图8D)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">以前有单独一篇文章报道电刺激后有Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">++<\/sup>依赖的[<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">3<\/sup>H]肌酸释放、以及内源肌酸释放<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">220<\/sup>。我们现在提供证据细胞外K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>刺激(1-2 min之内)肌酸释放(图5-6)。而且肌酸释放会因为<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>或<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Agat <\/em>基因敲除所降低(图5和6)。虽然K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>诱导的Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖的肌酸释低于Glu和GABA，但它存在而且可以因为<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>基因敲除而完全消失(图5)。以前报道的电诱导的肌酸释放显示更多Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖性<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">220<\/sup>。我们的资料与以前报道<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">220<\/sup>支持肌酸为神经递质。我们观察到非常低的5-HT或ACh流出速率可能是因为切片中胆碱能神经元<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">174 <\/sup>或五羟色胺能神经元<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">176 <\/sup>数量有限，酶快速降解这些神经递质。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">以前两次报道从细胞外空间摄取肌酸到细胞内，一次用脑片显示钠依赖的[<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">3<\/sup>H]肌酸 <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">220<\/sup>，一次用突触小体摄取肌酸<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">221<\/sup>。我们新的肌酸不仅重复了突触小体肌酸摄取实验，而且显示它依赖表达在突触小体的膜转运蛋白SLC6A8(图8A)。SLC6A8转运肌酸入突触小体可能的功能包括从突触间隙清除肌酸、也可能将肌酸在循环到神经元的SV(图8B，图6D)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">总之，除了验证和延伸十年前孤独没有后续重复和追踪的结果，我们有全新的结果提示肌酸为神经递质。我们在下面讨论神经递质的标准，肌酸为神经递质以及肌酸作为神经递质的意义。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">神经递质的标准<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">非肽类小分子作为神经递质的标准，因时间和作者不同而有所不同。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">有些教科书简单地陈述：神经递质储存于突触前，刺激时释放，在突触后神经元显示活性。这三个标准的细节又不同。例如，有一本教科书要求“物质必须存在于突触前神经元；物质必须响应突触前去极化而释放，释放必须依赖于Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>； 突触后细胞必须有对于物质的特异受体”<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">67,68<\/sup>。另一本教科书说：“分子必须在突触前神经元合成与储存；分子必须在刺激时有突触前轴突末端释放；实验给予分子必须在突触后细胞产生能够模拟突触前神经元刺激是否神经递质样的反应” <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">69<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">过去四十年国际通用最广的神经科学教科书列了神经递质四个标准<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">70,71<\/sup>：它在突触前神经元合成；它储存于囊泡，并释放足够的量作用与突触后神经元或靶器官；当加入合理浓度的外源分子，它可以模仿内源递质的作用；有特异机制从突触间隙清楚该物质。这些标准类似于、虽然不完全相同于神经递质的经典教科书所谓：神经递质“应该在突触前合成与释放；应该模拟神经刺激释放的内源分子的作用；如果可能，应该有药理激动剂或阻断剂，对内源释放分子的增强或阻断作用类似于对怀疑的神经递质的作用”<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">222<\/sup>。另一教科书也列了药理标准<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">223<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">有作者注意到确立中枢神经递质的困难。例如，神经递质的专业书道“候选神经递质应该存在于突触前末梢，当突触前末梢活动时被释放，在实验施用时引起突触后神经元忠实的反应。实践中，因为中枢神经系统的神经元连续整合多种激动和抑制，最后一个标准被放宽到只要有活动的变化就可以”<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">224<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">经典神经递质、神经肽及其受体的领袖科学家，写道：“定一个分子为递质取决于所用标准，最常见的是物质在神经元合成，从其末梢释放，模拟生理神经传递的效果，具有灭活的机制。但是，每一个新的候选分子的出现导致规则的修改和变宽”<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">225<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">肌酸作为神经递质的证据<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">经典教科书列了<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">16<\/sup>个小分子神经递质<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">70,71<\/sup>。其中的腺苷、花生四烯酸、一氧化氮、二氧化碳目前不符合所有四个标准。肌酸看上去比这些更符合中枢神经递质的标准。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们这篇文章得到的结果显示肌酸满足了Robinson <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">224<\/sup>的中枢神经递质标准。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Snyder及其同事<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">225 <\/sup>的四个标准大都符合，只是上了神经传递还需要更多研究，因为需要确定特异的突触并研究可能的肌酸能神经传递。这在中枢神经系统要比外周神经系统需要长很多的时间。有些通常接受为神经递质的从未在严格意义上满足这一条件。肌酸移除机制的标准不仅因脑片肌酸摄取<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">220<\/sup>和突触小体肌酸摄取<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">221<\/sup>所满足，而且因为我们显示突触小体摄取肌酸需要SLC6A8。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Kandel 等<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">70,71 <\/sup>的四个标准大都被满足，但有细节需要进一步研究。合成的标准通常不是很严格，因为有些递质是在某些细胞合成后转运到其他细胞起递质作用。我们发现肌酸存在于SV中就可以替代合成的要求，因为存在于神经元的SV提供了足够证据，肌酸位于正确的地点可以起到神经递质的作用。SV肌酸含量高于ACh和5-HT (图1和2)。肌酸释放量与Glu和GABA在同一数量级(图5和6)。特异移除机制的标准由脑片肌酸摄取实验<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">220 <\/sup>和突触小体实验<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">221<\/sup>所满足，进一步由我们发现SLC6A8参与突触小体肌酸摄取的结果所加强(图8)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在此我们报道在与经典神经递质可比的浓度抑制小鼠特定脑区的椎体细胞，大约1\/3椎体细胞对100 mM肌酸有反应(图7)。以前的报道中，100 μM到2 mM 的GABA<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">226-228<\/sup>、50 μM到2 mM的Glu <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">229,230<\/sup>、1到100 μM的DA<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">229<\/sup>、0.1到100 μM的5-HT<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">231-236<\/sup>以孵育投放来研究神经递质的生理功能。我们的结果揭示，给孵育液加入100 μM肌酸后几分钟内可以抑制皮层神经元，时程类似于5-HT<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">237 234 236<\/sup>和DA <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">229<\/sup>，但显著慢于Glu230、GABA<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">48,227<\/sup>和5-HT<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">233<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">最近一篇报道，基因敲除<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>提高皮层神经元的兴奋性<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">267<\/sup>。前额叶皮层(PFC)椎体细胞的电生理分析发现诱发放电频率增加。因为我们显示肌酸可以抑制新皮层部分椎体神经元(Figure 8)，那篇文章提供的体内证据与肌酸可能是抑制性神经元的可能性一致。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">肌酸与经典神经递质的差别<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">目前，我们没有肌酸的分子确定受体，仅从肌酸引起的电生理反应推测其存在。我们猜想肌酸可能作用于G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)，而不是快速作用的配体门控的离子通道，如Glu的AMPA或NMD<sub style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">A<\/sub>受体和GABA的GABA<sub style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">A<\/sub>受体。以前有过关于肌酸对神经元作用的报道，包括称肌酸是GABA<sub style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">A<\/sub>受体部分激动剂<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">238-241<\/sup>。 这些作用需要很高浓度的肌酸 (十毫摩尔量级)。也有一篇相反作用的报道：肌酸 (浓度超过500 μM)在60 mins后通过NMDA受体增加神经元的兴奋性，时程显著慢于经典神经递质<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">242<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">细胞外K<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">+<\/sup>诱导的非Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖性肌酸释放较Glu和GABA明显的多。一个可能性是非Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖性肌酸释放来自于神经胶质细胞，因为GAMT被报道高度表达于星状胶质细胞<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">261<\/sup>和少突细胞<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">261, 262<\/sup>。如以前报道，其他神经调质如牛磺酸可以由星状胶质细胞<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">263<\/sup>或脑片<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">264<\/sup>以非Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>依赖性释放。另外，在没有钾刺激时， Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>耗竭可以增加体外培养的星状胶质细胞<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">265<\/sup>或纹状体<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">266<\/sup>释放牛磺酸。类似地， <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8 <\/em>KO脑片中，Ca<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">2+<\/sup>耗竭(图5G)也增加肌酸的基线，相比于正常ACSF培养液(图5D)。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">因为有长的多的研究历史，现在在其他方面ACh和5-HT有多于肌酐的证据是中枢递质，特别是ACh和5-HT有很多激动剂、拮抗剂证明有些教科书<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">222,223<\/sup>需要、有些教科书不需要的更多的一条神经递质标准。药理标准需要更多时间和努力，因为，迄今为止，没有人试图找过肌酸的激动剂或拮抗剂。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">对SLC6A8和肌酸意味着什么<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">值得注意SLC6A8属于神经递质转运蛋白家族SLC，已经有多个成员被证明转运神经递质<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">65,66,90-99<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">其他人和我们做的摄取实验显示SLC6A8在脑内将肌酸转运入神经元。AGAT也表达与脑内，但不是表达SLC6A8的细胞<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\"> 243,244<\/sup>。肌酸及其前体被认为在神经系统内不同细胞之间转运。当完全缺失SLC6A8时，如<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>缺陷纯合子病人，肌酸治疗没有效果。而SLC6A8部分有功能时，肌酸有效<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">245<\/sup>。<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>突变杂合体女性的难治性癫痫被肌酸完全治好<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">246<\/sup>。我们发现肌酸对皮层神经元的抑制作用提供了解释其抗癫痫作用的新机制<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">247<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">因为星状胶质细胞的伪足围绕微毛细血管内皮细胞(MCEC)形成血脑屏障(BBB)，星状胶质细胞不表达<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Slc6a8<\/em>提示脑内肌酸不依赖外周转运进入，而主要在脑内合成<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">80,82,248<\/sup>。SLC6A8在脑内转运肌酸及其前体，而不是跨BBB转运肌酸的主要蛋白。按我们用突触小体的实验结果(图8) <sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">221<\/sup>，它转运肌酸入突触前末梢。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">已知肌酸有能量来源的其他效果，补充肌酸被认为有助于儿童、孕妇和哺乳妇女以及老人<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">79,249<\/sup>。肌酸被报道可以改善人的脑力活动<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">250-255<\/sup>。肌酸被用于潜在治疗动物的神经退行性变模型<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 11px;\">256,257<\/sup>。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们的工作会刺激进一步研究，区分以前怀疑的肌酸效果哪些不是因其能量储存的作用，而是其神经递质作用。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">寻找新的神经递质<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我们的工作可刺激寻找更多的神经递质。我们的发现表明几十年前停了寻找神经递质是技术原因，不是因为缺乏更多神经递质。大多数已知小分子神经递质是因为其外周效果而发现的事实也支持缺乏的是有组织的努力来寻找没有外周效果的中枢神经递质。新的神经递质可能从长期怀疑的候选分子钟发现，也可以从以前没有怀疑的分子中发现，甚至可能从以前未知的分子中发现。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">需要创新的途径揭示没有以前怀疑和线索的分子。高度纯化的SV，不同脑区的SV，含特异SLC的SV提供未来研究的有些起点。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(52, 78, 108);\">致谢<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">我们感谢章晓辉、张新祥、罗敏敏、郭青春、刘以群、胡迎春、和戈鹉平博士的讨论、建议和技术帮助，Jiang Chen, Jing Cai, Yulin Jiang, Jinhuan Ou, Xiaomeng Deng, Jiawen Liu和Meng Wu的技术支持，北京脑研究所、北大清华生命科学联合中心、昌平实验室、中国医科院 (2019RU003)的支持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(55, 85, 133); font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(52, 78, 108); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">伦理<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6px;\">所有动物实验都得到北京大学动物中心的同意。实验按照北京大学动物使用委员会(IACUC)的规范和批准(批准号LSC-RaoY-9 and LSC-RaoY-10 )。<\/span><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">参考文献<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">1. Du Bois-Reymond, E. H. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Allgemeinen Muskel-und Nervenphysik. <\/em> (Veit & Co, 1877).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2. Langley, J. N. On the stimulation and paralysis of nerve-cells and of nerve-endings: Part I.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> J Physiol <\/em>27, 224-236 (1901).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">3. Elliot, T. R. On the action of adrenalin. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>31, xx-xxi (1904).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">4. Elliot, T. R. The action of adrenalin. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>32, 401-467, doi:10.1113\/jphysiol.1905.sp001093 (1905).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">5. Dale, H. H. The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics <\/em>6, 147-190 (1914).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">6. Loewi, O. Über humorale Übertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">I. Pflüger Archiv Physiol <\/em>189, 239-242 (1921).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">7. Rao, Y. The First Hormone: Adrenaline. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Trends Endocrinol Metab<\/em> 30, 331-334 (2019).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">8. Claude, B. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Leçons sur les effets des substances toxiques et médicamenteuses<\/em>.  (JB Baillière, 1857).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">9. Langley, J. N. & Dickinson, W. L. On the Local Paralysis of Peripheral Ganglia, and on the Connexion of Different Classes of Nerve Fibres with Them. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Proc R Soc Lond <\/em>46, 423-431 (1889).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">10. Langley, J. N. On the reaction of cells and of nerve-endings to certain poisons, chiefly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and to curari. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>33, 374-413 (1905).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">11. Langley, J. N. On nerve endings and on special excitable substances in cells. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Containing Papers of a Biological Character <\/em>78, 170-194 (1906).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">12. Strecker, A. Ueber einige neue Bestandtheile der Schweinegalle. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie <\/em>123, 964-965 (1862).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">13. Liebreich, O. Ueber die chemische Beschaffenheit der Gehirnsubstanz. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie<\/em> 134, 29-44 (1865).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">14. Baeyer, A. Mittheilungen aus dem organischen Laboratorium de Gewerbeacademie zu Berlin. I. Über das Neurin (Notes from the organic laboratory of the Gewerbeacademie in Berlin. I on the neurin). . <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Justus Liebig’s Annalen der Chemie<\/em> 142, 322-326 (1867).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">15. Hunt, R. & Taveau, R. D. M. On the physiological action of certain cholin derivatives and new methods for detecting cholin. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Br Med J <\/em>1906, 1788-1789 (1906).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">16. Mott, F. W. & Halliburton, W. D. The Physiological Action of Choline and Neurine. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Br Med J<\/em> 1, 1082-1083 (1899).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">17. Hunt, R. Note on a blood pressure lowering body in the suprarenal gland. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Am J Physiol<\/em> 3, xviii-xix (1900).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">18. Ewins, A. J. Acetylcholine, a New Active Principle of Ergot. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Biochem J<\/em> 8, 44-49 (1914).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">19. Dale, H. H. & Dudley, H. W. The presence of histamine and acetylcholine in the spleen of the ox and the horse. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>68, 97-123 (1929).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">20. Feldberg, W. & Gaddum, J. H. The chemical transmitter at synapses in a sympathetic ganglion. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>81, 305-319 (1934).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">21. Brown, G. L. & Feldberg, W. The acetyloholine metabolism of a sympathetic ganglion. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>88, 265-283 (1936).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">22. Dale, H. H., Feldberg, W. & Vogt, M. Release of acetylcholine at voluntary motor nerve endings. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>86, 353-380 (1936).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">23. Addison, T. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">On the constitutional and local effects of disease of the supra-renal capsules.  <\/em>(Highley, 1855).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">24. Schäfer, E. A. ON THE PRESENT CONDITION OF OUR KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SUPRARENAL CAPSULES. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Br Med J<\/em> 1, 1277-1281 (1908).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">25. Oliver, G. & Schäfer, E. A. The Physiological Effects of Extracts of the Suprarenal Capsules. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol<\/em> 18, 230-276 (1895).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">26. Abel, J. J. On epinephrin, the active constituent of the suprarenal capsule and its compounds. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Proc Am Physiol Soc<\/em>3, 4-5 (1898).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">27. Abel, J. J. & Crawford, A. C. On the blood pressure raising constituent of the suprarenal capsule. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull<\/em> 8, 151-157 (1897).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">28. Abel, J. J. Über den blutdruckerregenden Bestandtheil der Nebenniere, das Epinephrin. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Hoppe-Seyler’s Zeitschrift für physiolgische Chemie<\/em> 28, 318-362 (1899).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">29. Abel, J. J. Further observations on epinephrine. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull <\/em>12, 80-84 (1901).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">30. Takamine, J. Adrenalin, the active principle of the suprarenal glands and its mode of preparation. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Am J Pharmacy<\/em>73, 523-531 (1901).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">31. Takamine, J. The isolation of the active principle of the suprarenal gland.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> J Physiol<\/em> 27, 29-30 (1902).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">32. Aldrich, T. B. A preliminary report on the active principle of the suprarenal gland. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Am J Physiol <\/em>5, 457-461 ( 1901).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">33. Langley, J. N. Observations on the physiological action of extracts of the supra-renal bodies. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol<\/em> 27, 237-256 (1901).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">34. Barger, G. & Dale, H. H. Chemical structure and sympathomimetic action of amines. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>41, 19-59 (1910).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">35. Cannon, W. B. & Rosenblueth, A. Sympathin E and Sympathin I.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Am J Physiol <\/em>104, 557-574 (1933).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">36. Euler, U. S. v. A specific sympathomimetic ergone in adrenergic nerve fibers (sympathin) and its relation to adrenaline and noradrenaline. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Acta Physiol Scand <\/em>12, 73-97 (1946).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">37. Euler, U. S. v. Identification of the sympathomimetic ergone in adrenergic nerves of cattle (Sympathin N) with laevo-noradrenaline. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Acta Physiol Scand<\/em> 16, 63-74 (1948).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">38. Euler, U. S. v.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Noradrenaline. Chemistry, physiology, pharmacology and clinical aspects<\/em>.  (Springfield, 1956).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">39. Mitchell, J. F. The spontaneous and evoked release of acetylcholine from the cerebral cortex. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>165, 98-116 (1963).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">40. Collier, B. & Mitchell, J. F. The central release of acetylcholine during stimulation of the visual pathway. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol<\/em>184, 239-254 (1966).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">41. Collier, B. & Mitchell, J. F. The central release of acetylcholine during consciousness and after brain lesions.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> J Physiol <\/em>188, 83-98 (1967).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">42. Carlsson, A., Falck, B. & Hillarp, N. A. Cellular localization of brain monoamines. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Acta Physiol Scand <\/em>56(Suppl), 1-28 (1962).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">43. Björklund, A., Ehinger, B. & Falck, B. A method for differentiating dopamine from noradrenaline in tissue sections by microspectrofluorometry.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> J Histochem Cytochem <\/em>16, 263-270  (1968).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">44. Robbins, J. The effects of amino acids on the crustacean neuro-muscular system. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Anat Rec<\/em> 132, 492-493 (1958).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">45. Curtis, D. R., Phillis, J. W. & Watkins, J. C. Chemical excitation of spinal neurones. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Nature <\/em>183, 611-612 (1959).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">46. Curtis, D. R. & Watkins, J. C. The excitation and depression of spinal neurones by structurally related amino acids. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Neurochem<\/em> 6, 117-141 (1960).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">47. Curtis, D. R. & Watkins, J. C. Acidic amino acids with strong excitatory actions on mammalian neurones. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>166, 1-14 (1963).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">48. Roberts, E. & Frankel, S. γ-Aminobutyric acid in brain: its formation from glutamic acid.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> J Biol Chem<\/em> 187, 55-63 (1950).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">49. Udenfriend, S. Identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid in brain by the isotope derivative method.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> J Biol Chem<\/em>187, 65-69 (1950).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">50. Florey, E. An inhibitory and an excitatory factor of mammalian central nervous system, and their action of a single sensory neuron. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Archieves Internationales de Physiologie <\/em>62, 33-53 (1954).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">51. Florey, E. & McLennan, H. The release of an inhibitory substance from mammalian brain, and its effect on peripheral synaptic transmission. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol <\/em>129, 384-392 (1955).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">52. Fatt, P. & Katz, B. Some observations on biological noise. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Nature <\/em>166, 597-598(1950).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">53. Fatt, P. & Katz, B. Spontaneous subthreshold activity at motor nerve endings.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> J Physiol<\/em> 117, 109-128 (1952).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">54. Del Castillo, J. & Katz, B. Quantal components of the end-plate potential. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Physiol<\/em> 124, 560-573 (1954).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">55. Robertson, J. D. Ultrastructure of two invertebrate synapses. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Proc Soc Exp Biol Med<\/em> 82, 219-223 (1953).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">56. Palade, G. E. & Palay, S. L. Electron microscope observations of interneuronal and neuromuscular synapses. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Anat Rec<\/em> 118, 335-336 (1954).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">57. Palay, S. L. Electron microscope study of the cytoplasm of neurons. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Anat Rec <\/em>118, 336 (1954).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">58. De Robertis, E. D. P. & Bennett, H. S. Sub-microscopic vesicle component in the synapse.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Fed Proc <\/em>13, 35 (1954).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">59. De Robertis, E. D. P. & Bennett, H. S. Some features of the sub-microscopic morphology of the synapses in frog and earthworm. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Biophys Biochem Cytol <\/em>1, 47–55 (1955).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">60. Del Castillo, J. & Katz, B. Biophysical aspects of neuro-muscular transmission. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Prog Biophys <\/em>6, 121-170 (1956).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">61. Axelrod, J., Weil-Malherbe, H. & Tomchick, R. The physiological disposition of H3-epinephrine and its metabolite metanephrine. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Pharmacol Exp Ther<\/em> 127, 251-256 (1959).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">62. Radian, R. & Kanner, B. I. 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Creatine and creatinine metabolism. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Physiol Rev <\/em>80, 1107-1213 (2000).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">78. Brosnan, J. T. & Brosnan, M. E. Creatine: endogenous metabolite, dietary, and therapeutic supplement. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Annu Rev Nutr<\/em> 27, 241-261 (2007).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">79. Wallimann, T., Tokarska-Schlattner, M. & Schlattner, U. 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Expression and function of AGAT, GAMT and CT1 in the mammalian brain. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Subcell Biochem<\/em> 46, 67-81 (2007).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">84. Nelson, N. 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The SLC6 orphans are forming a family of amino acid transporters.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Neurochem Int <\/em>48, 559-567 (2006).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">90. Guastella, J., Brecha, N., Weigmann, C., Lester, H. A. & Davidson, N. Cloning, expression, and localization of a rat brain high-affinity glycine transporter. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A <\/em>89, 7189-7193 (1992).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">91. Clark, J. A., Deutch, A. Y., Gallipoli, P. Z. & Amara, S. G. Functional expression and CNS distribution of a beta-alanine-sensitive neuronal GABA transporter. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Neuron <\/em>9, 337-348 (1992).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">92. Borden, L. A., Smith, K. E., Hartig, P. R., Branchek, T. A. & Weinshank, R. L. Molecular heterogeneity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport system. Cloning of two novel high affinity GABA transporters from rat brain. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Biol Chem<\/em> 267, 21098-21104 (1992).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">93. Lopez-Corcuera, B., Liu, Q. R., Mandiyan, S., Nelson, H. & Nelson, N. Expression of a mouse brain cDNA encoding novel gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Biol Chem <\/em>267, 17491-17493 (1992).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">94. Giros, B., el Mestikawy, S., Bertrand, L. & Caron, M. G. Cloning and functional characterization of a cocaine-sensitive dopamine transporter. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">FEBS Lett <\/em>295, 149-154 (1991).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">95. Kilty, J. E., Lorang, D. & Amara, S. G. Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive rat dopamine transporter. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Science <\/em>254, 578-579 (1991).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">96. Shimada, S. et al. Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive dopamine transporter complementary DNA. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Science <\/em>254, 576-578 (1991).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">97. Hoffman, B. J., Mezey, E. & Brownstein, M. J. Cloning of a serotonin transporter affected by antidepressants. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Science <\/em>254, 579-580 (1991).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">98. Smith, K. E., Borden, L. A., Hartig, P. R., Branchek, T. & Weinshank, R. L. Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter reveal colocalization with NMDA receptors. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Neuron <\/em>8, 927-935 (1992).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">99. Liu, Q. R., Nelson, H., Mandiyan, S., López-Corcuera, B. & Nelson, N. Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter from mouse brain. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">FEBS Lett<\/em> 305, 110-114 (1992).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">100. Mayser, W., Schloss, P. & Betz, H. Primary structure and functional expression of a choline transporter expressed in the rat nervous system. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">FEBS Lett <\/em>305, 31-36 (1992).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">101. Guimbal, C. & Kilimann, M. W. A Na(+)-dependent creatine transporter in rabbit brain, muscle, heart, and kidney. cDNA cloning and functional expression. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Biol Chem<\/em> 268, 8418-8421 (1993).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">102. Gonzalez, A. M. & Uhl, G. R. 'Choline\/orphan V8-2-1\/creatine transporter' mRNA is expressed in nervous, renal and gastrointestinal systems.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Mol Brain Res <\/em>23, 266-270 (1994).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">103. Nash, S. R. et al. Cloning, pharmacological characterization, and genomic localization of the human creatine transporter. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Rec Chan<\/em> 2, 165-174 (1994).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">104 . Schloss, P., Mayser, W. & Betz, H. The putative rat choline transporter CHOT1 transports creatine and is highly expressed in neural and muscle-rich tissues. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Biochem Biophys Res Commun<\/em> 198, 637-645 (1994).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">105. Sora, I. et al. The cloning and expression of a human creatine transporter. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Biochem Biophys Res Commun<\/em> 204, 419-427 (1994).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">106. Barnwell, L. F., Chaudhuri, G. & Townsel, J. G. Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding a novel member of the human brain GABA\/noradrenaline neurotransmitter transporter family. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Gene<\/em> 159, 287-288 (1995).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">107. Happe, H. K. & Murrin, L. C. In situ hybridization analysis of CHOT1, a creatine transporter, in the rat central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 351, 94-103 (1995).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">108. Saltarelli, M. D., Bauman, A. L., Moore, K. R., Bradley, C. C. & Blakely, R. D. Expression of the rat brain creatine transporter in situ and in transfected HeLa cells. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Dev Neurosci <\/em>18, 524-534 (1996).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">109. Mak, C. S. et al. Immunohistochemical localisation of the creatine transporter in the rat brain. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Neuroscience <\/em>163, 571-585 (2009).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">110. Speer, O. et al. Creatine transporters: a reappraisal.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Mol Cell Biochem<\/em> 256, 407-424 (2004).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">111 . Lowe, M. T., Faull, R. L., Christie, D. L. & Waldvogel, H. J. Distribution of the creatine transporter throughout the human brain reveals a spectrum of creatine transporter immunoreactivity. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Comp Neurol <\/em>523, 699-725 (2015).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">112. Salomons, G. S. et al. X-linked creatine-transporter gene (SLC6A8) defect: a new creatine-deficiency syndrome. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Am J Hum Genet<\/em> 68, 1497-1500 (2001).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">113. Mancardi, M. 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Endogenous guanidino compounds as uremic neurotoxins. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Kidney Int Suppl <\/em>78, S77-83 (2001).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">240. Neu, A. et al. Activation of GABA(A) receptors by guanidinoacetate: a novel pathophysiological mechanism.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Neurobiol Dis <\/em>11, 298-307 (2002).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">241. Koga, Y. et al. Brain creatine functions to attenuate acute stress responses through GABAnergic system in chicks. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Neuroscience <\/em>132, 65-71 (2005).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">242. Royes, L. 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R.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> et al.<\/em> Delayed creatine supplementation counteracts reduction of GABAergic function and protects against seizures susceptibility after traumatic brain injury in rats. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psych <\/em>92, 328-338 (2019).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">248. Braissant, O. Creatine and guanidinoacetate transport at blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. J Inherit Metab Dis 35, 655-664 (2012).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">249. Brosnan, M. E. & Brosnan, J. T. The role of dietary creatine. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Amino Acids<\/em> 48, 1785-1791 (2016).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">250. Watanabe, A., Kato, N. & Kato, T. Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Neurosci Res <\/em>42, 279-285 (2002).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">251. Rae, C., Digney, A. L., McEwan, S. R. & Bates, T. C. 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J. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Paxinos and Franklin's the mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates<\/em> 4th edition.  (Elsevier\/Academic Press, 2013).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">259. Booth, R. F. G. & Clark, J. B. 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Uptake of GABA by rat brain synaptic vesicles isolated by a new procedure. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Embo J <\/em>7, 3023-3029 (1988).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">261. Schmidt, A. et al. Severely altered guanidino compound levels, disturbed body weight homeostasis and impaired fertility in a mouse model of guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Hum Mol Genet <\/em>13, 905-921 (2004). <\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">262. Rosko, L. M. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">et al. <\/em>Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Affects the Timing of Oligodendrocyte Myelination. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">J Neurosci<\/em> 43, 1143-1153 (2023).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">263. Philibert, R. A., Rogers, K. L. & Dutton, G. R. K+-evoked taurine efflux from cerebellar astrocytes: on the roles of Ca2+ and Na+. Neurochem Res 14, 43-48 (1989).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">264. Saransaari, P. & Oja, S. S. Characteristics of taurine release in slices from adult and developing mouse brain stem. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Amino Acids <\/em>31, 35-43 (2006). <\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">265. Takuma, K. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">et al. <\/em>Ca2+ depletion facilitates taurine release in cultured rat astrocytes.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Jpn J Pharmacol <\/em>72, 75-78 (1996). <\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">266. Molchanova, S. M., Oja, S. S. & Saransaari, P. Mechanisms of enhanced taurine release under Ca2+ depletion. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Neurochem Int <\/em>47, 343-349 (2005). <\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">267. Ghirardini, E., G. Sagona, A. Marquez-Galera, F. Calugi, C. M. Navarron, F. Cacciante, S. Chen, F. Di Vetta, L. Dada, R. Mazziotti, L. Lupori, E. Putignano, P. Baldi, J. P. Lopez-Atalaya, T. Pizzorusso, and L. Baroncelli. . Cell-specific vulnerability to metabolic failure: the crucial role of parvalbumin expressing neurons in creatine transporter deficiency. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Acta Neuropathol Commun<\/em> 11，33 （2023).<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">论文链接<\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/89317<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section>","date":"2023-12-29","description":"饶毅实验室研究进展：从化学分析和生物化学到电生理的多学科途径提示肌酸为新的神经递质卞希玲、祝婕敏、贾晓波为共同第一作者，梁文君、余思涵、李志强、张文霞为共同作者，饶毅为通讯作者。神经化学生物学实验室北京大学(北大IDG\/麦戈文脑研究所、北大清华生命科学联合中心、生命科学学院、化学与分子工程学院化学生"},{"id":"345","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Plos Biology｜北京脑所罗敏敏团队揭示炎症状态下垂体与免疫系统之间的相互作用","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20231228\/1703728010831903.png","content":"<p>北京脑科学与类脑研究所<strong>罗敏敏教授研究团队<\/strong>于2023年12月18日在<span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><em>PIos Biology<\/em><\/strong><\/span>上发表了题为<span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong>"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals rich pituitary-immune interactions under systemic inflammation"<\/strong><\/span>的研究论文。该研究采用小鼠垂体的单细胞RNA测序 (single-cell RNA-sequencingSCRNA-seg)技术，揭示了炎症状态下垂体与免疫系统之间存在着丰富的相互作用。<\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231228\/202312281445.png\" title=\"202312281445.png\" alt=\"WX20231228-094329@2x.png\" width=\"856\" height=\"451\" style=\"width: 856px; height: 451px;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">垂体作为内分泌系统的主要控制腺体以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal, HPA）轴的关键组成部分，其通过释放多种激素来调节如发育、性成熟、生殖、妊娠、新陈代谢、哺乳和压力应答在内的诸多生理功能。除此之外，垂体还参与调节由细菌或病毒感染引起的全身炎症下的免疫反应，例如SARS-CoV-2感染时，HPA轴协调释放糖皮质激素以抑制机体强烈的炎症反应。目前的模型表明，在外周免疫激活时，活化的免疫细胞产生促炎细胞因子，这些因子刺激迷走神经活动，进而激活下丘脑的室旁核（paraventricular nucleus, PVN）。PVN神经元的激活促使促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRH）释放到垂体前部，垂体细胞被触发释放促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH）。ACTH通过血液循环到达肾上腺，启动类固醇激素生成和糖皮质激素的释放，最终防止免疫系统过度反应。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">然而关于垂体与免疫系统之间的相互作用仍存在一些未解决的问题。首先垂体主要包括6类产生激素的细胞（hormone- producing cells, HPCs），分别为：促生长激素细胞、促泌乳细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素细胞、促黑素细胞激素细胞、促性腺激素细胞、促甲状腺激素细胞。<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(203, 23, 23);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">垂体各类HPCs对炎症刺激的具体响应仍然不清楚<\/strong><\/span>，解决这个问题可以阐明免疫压力如何影响各种生理功能的激素调节。此外，<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(203, 23, 23);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">除了传统的激素之外，垂体HPCs可能分泌其他因子以应答炎症<\/strong><\/span>，解析这些因子可以扩展我们对HPCs功能的理解。最后，<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(203, 23, 23);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">垂体-免疫系统直接的交流如何影响垂体生理功能仍然不清楚<\/strong><\/span>，对此进行探究可以拓宽我们对于机体炎症响应的认知。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">作者通过研究发现，垂体6类HPCs都可以对炎症做出显著反应，其中促肾上腺皮质激素细胞的反应最为剧烈，显示炎症可以影响主要的垂体激素的产生和释放。而全身性炎症还促使垂体内非经典的分泌蛋白产生和释放进而调节免疫稳态，例如促肾上腺皮质激素细胞释放神经正五聚蛋白-2（neuronal pentraxin 2, Nptx2）来调节血液中免疫细胞的比例，表明Nptx2可以在炎症状态下作为垂体激素调节周边免疫系统。与此同时，HPCs上调趋化因子的基因表达，促进HPCs与免疫细胞之间的交流与相互作用。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">总体而言，该研究深入探究了垂体与免疫系统之间复杂的相互作用，凸显了垂体在调节炎症对身体生理的广泛影响中发挥的多方位作用。同时，研究提供了丰富的数据库资源，有助于挖掘更多垂体因子以及垂体的免疫应答信息，帮助进一步理解其他生理或病理情况下垂体与免疫系统之间的相互作用。<\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231228\/202312281373.png\" title=\"202312281373.png\" alt=\"WX20231228-094352@2x.png\" width=\"695\" height=\"528\" style=\"width: 695px; height: 528px;\"\/><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(101, 101, 101); letter-spacing: 1px;\"><section style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;\">图示：系统性炎症下丰富的垂体-免疫细胞交流示意图<\/section><\/section><p><\/p><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-wrap: wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><\/section><p><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">论文信息<\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏实验室<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">严婷博士<\/strong><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">以及<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">王睿宇博士<\/strong><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">为本论文共同第一作者，论文的其他作者还包括<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">姚静斐博士<\/strong><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">。<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">罗敏敏博士<\/strong><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">为本论文的通讯作者。本工作在北京生命科学研究所和北京脑科学与类脑研究所完成。论文工作得到崔月利博士（北京大学汤富酬教授课题组）、贾辰熙博士与姚迪同学（国家蛋白质科学中心，北京）、蔡涛博士（北京生命科学研究所）、林睿博士（北京生命科学研究所）、李翔宇博士（北京交通大学）以及李洪军同学（清华大学张奇伟教授课题组）的帮助。研究得到科技部科技创新2030-“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目、中国医学科学院医学神经生物学创新单元、北京市政府、清华大学以及新基石科学基金会的支持与资助。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">论文链接<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002403\">https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002403<\/a> <\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">推荐阅读<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002440<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>","date":"2023-12-28","description":"北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏教授研究团队于2023年12月18日在PIos Biology上发表了题为"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals rich pituitary-immune interactions under systemic inflammation"的研究论文。该研究采用小鼠垂体的单细胞RNA测序 (single-cell RNA-sequencingSCRNA-seg)技术，揭示了炎症状"},{"id":"336","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Mol Psychiatry︱北京脑所张力团队揭示多动症药物哌甲酯和阿托莫西汀作用机制及老药新用新思路","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20231127\/1701055294746777.jpg","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2023年11月13日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所基因组学中心<strong>张力团队<\/strong>在<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong>《<\/strong><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">分子精神病学<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;\">》（Molecular Psychiatry）<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在线发表了题为<strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\">“The effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution and potential drug repurposing for ADHD treatment”<\/span><\/strong>（多动症药物哌甲酯和阿托莫西汀作用机制及老药新用新思路）的研究论文。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231116\/202311161716.png\" title=\"202311161716.png\" alt=\"11111.png\" width=\"668\" height=\"413\" style=\"width: 668px; height: 413px;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 112, 192);\">果蝇虽小，用途很大<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">果蝇与人类的祖先在7亿年前分家<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/span>。二者外表天壤之别，但是底层基因和细胞机制相当保守<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><sup>2, 3<\/sup><\/span>。借助果蝇模型，我们探索了多动症一线药物对不同细胞类型的影响，并提出了老药新用的新思路<sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">4<\/span><\/sup>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">多数精神类药物的作用机制并不完全清晰。例如，治疗多动症的一线药物哌甲酯被认为直接作用于多巴胺转运体，导致突触间隙多巴胺浓度升高，从而实现治疗效果；同时，哌甲酯还能作用于去甲肾上腺素转运体，间接影响突触间隙多巴胺浓度，实现治疗效果<sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">5<\/span><\/sup>。与之对应，阿托莫西汀能够抑制去甲肾上腺素转运体，也可以实现<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">多动症治疗<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">效果<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/span>。然而，这两种药物仅对部分患者有效。究竟这两种药物影响了哪些脑细胞类型的哪些基因通路尚不清楚，这无法通过直接人体实验进行深入研究。早期研究表明，果蝇模型呈现出类多动样行为，并且能够被哌甲酯缓解<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><sup>7, 8<\/sup><\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究初期，团队开发了基于Python3的用户友好软件<strong>EasyFlyTracker<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/span>，实现了对果蝇睡眠和活动行为的追踪和分析，并且无需配套价格昂贵的硬件就能实现批量行为追踪。这为我们探索精神类药物作用的效果提供了重要支持。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);\">果蝇实验对 “突触间隙多巴胺浓度升高” 理论的拓展<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">传统上，多动症治疗药物被认为通过抑制突触间隙多巴胺的回收等机制，实现突触间隙多巴胺浓度升高的效果，实现治疗目的。但是多数药物仅对部分患者有效，并且不清楚多巴胺浓度升高如何缓解多动症状。我们通过果蝇研究，发现<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">胶质细胞<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">和神经元对药物治疗皆有响应。胶质细胞的响应强于神经元，其与多巴胺能神经元之间的通讯主要由肿瘤坏死因子阿尔法通路介导。乙酰胆碱能神经元是诸多神经元中响应最强。我们观察到多巴胺代谢和信号的改变，突触间隙信号传递的影响，以及诸多<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">神经递质受体<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">的下调。其中，谷氨酸受体的改变在多动症患者脑组织样本中也被观察到了<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/span>。这说明突触间隙多巴胺浓度升高影响了下游包括胶质和神经元在内的诸多细胞类型，从而实现缓解多动症的效果。胶质细胞和乙酰胆碱能细胞是下一步关注的重点。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);\">老药新用的新思路<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">实验中，我们鉴定到一个对药物响应的基因列表，包含了潜在的治疗靶点。我们将这些响应基因对应到人类基因，进而与全基因组关联结果整合，最终形成了一个老药新用数据集，通过在线接口（<a href=\"http:\/\/adhdrug.cibr.ac.cn）提供潜在的多动症治疗靶点及相应的小分子药物。实际上，已经用于临床的多动症治疗药物显著富集在我们的老药新用数据集中。这种结合动物模型的药物基因组学研究模式，提供了老药新用的新思路。\">http:\/\/adhdrug.cibr.ac.cn）提供潜在的多动症治疗靶点及相应的小分子药物。实际上，已经用于临床的多动症治疗药物显著富集在我们的老药新用数据集中。这种结合动物模型的药物基因组学研究模式，提供了老药新用的新思路。<\/a> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);\">基于行为的高通量药物筛选 是果蝇模型的优势场景<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">小鼠甚至非人灵长类模型能够提供更为丰富的信息。例如，是否不同脑区的药物响应不一样？是否药物响应脑区跟环路核心脑区不一样？显然，与这些动物模型相比，果蝇模型在行为细节和分子细胞机制的丰富度上有欠缺。但是，在高通量分子药物设计彻底解锁的今天，我们急需下游高通量筛选的实验平台。基于细胞系的高通量筛选已经获得一定的成功，例如<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Recursion Pharmaceuticals<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">这样的先驱者。但是细胞系解决不了微环境和行为的问题。受限于成本，小鼠和非人灵长类与高通量基本无缘。果蝇模型在面对微环境和行为表型的高通量筛选场景中，是一个可能的解决方案，例如Vivian Therapeutics。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);\">论文信息<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院和北京脑科学与类脑研究所联合博士后<strong>曲素素<\/strong>为该论文的第一作者，<strong>张力<\/strong>研究员为论文的通讯作者。其他作者为：周向宇、王志成、魏依、周晗、张忻爽、朱庆杰、王彦敏、杨全军（上海交通大学）、蒋立坤（厦门大学）、马原、高园、孔雷（北京大学）。感谢北脑各技术平台的支撑和帮助，感谢张岱老师（北京大学第六医院）和蔡政旭老师（北京理工大学）的指导。研究得到国家自然科学基金、北京市自然科学基金和北京市博后基金的支持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);\">论文链接<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-023-02314-6\" style=\"font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-023-02314-6<\/span><\/a> <\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);\">本文引用参考文献<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">1. 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Klein M, Singgih EL, van Rens A, Demontis D, Borglum AD, Mota NR <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">et al.<\/em> Contribution of Intellectual Disability-Related Genes to ADHD Risk and to Locomotor Activity in Drosophila. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Am J Psychiatry<\/em> 2020; 177(6): 526-536.<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">9. Qu S, Zhu Q, Zhou H, Gao Y, Wei Y, Ma Y <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">et al.<\/em> EasyFlyTracker: A Simple Video Tracking Python Package for Analyzing Adult Drosophila Locomotor and Sleep Activity to Facilitate Revealing the Effect of Psychiatric Drugs.<em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> Front Behav Neurosci <\/em>2021; 15: 809665.<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(130, 130, 130); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">10. Sudre G, Gildea DE, Shastri GG, Sharp W, Jung B, Xu Q <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">et al.<\/em> Mapping the cortico-striatal transcriptome in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. <em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">Mol Psychiatry<\/em> 2023; 28(2): 792-800.<\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-11-27","description":"2023年11月13日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所基因组学中心张力团队在《分子精神病学》（Molecular Psychiatry）在线发表了题为“The effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution and potential drug repurposing for ADHD treatment”（多动症药物哌甲酯和阿托莫西汀作用机制及"},{"id":"335","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑所高级研究员戈鹉平荣获2023年度生物医学峰基金资助","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/other\/20231109\/1699499139445004.jpeg","content":"<p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231109\/202311099387.jpeg\" title=\"202311099387.jpeg\" alt=\"feng.jpeg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">      2023年11月7日，<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">生物医学峰基金<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">正式公布了2023年度资助科学家名单。五位杰出的生物医学研究者将得到来自峰基金每年100万人民币的持续科研资金支持，为期五年，进一步推动他们的科学探索与突破。<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所高级研究员<span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">戈鹉平<\/span>入选本期资助名单<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">！<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231109\/202311091845.png\" title=\"202311091845.png\" alt=\"111.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">戈鹉平 北京脑科学与类脑研究所高级研究员<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">      <span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">“我很庆幸自己一直在做自己热爱的研究工作并一直为探讨神经疾病机制而努力着。我希望我们实验室的基础与医学研究能切实地解决某些疾病问题，有一天能真正的惠及到需要帮助的患者。”<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\"><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">学术成果及研究方向：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">      戈鹉平博士的实验室致力于脑代谢与脑血管疾病研究，已在胶质细胞功能、胶质瘤<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">代谢及脑血管微循环领域取得系列创新成果。其研究荣获中国基础科学研究十大新闻、国家自然科学二等奖、美国国立卫生研究院的迈向独立奖，以及美国心脏协会的思维创新奖等多个奖项。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">      在峰基金的支持下，<strong><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">实验室主要研究人脑代谢与相关疾病问题<\/span><\/strong>。代谢物是细胞代谢的中间产物或终产物，包括碳水化合物、氨基酸、核酸、脂质等。脑内代谢物主要从血液中摄入并在脑细胞间转运，代谢终产物最终释放入循环系统。它们构成大脑所有能量、活动和功能的分子基础。脑代谢摄入与排放的异常，与各种脑疾病密切相关，包括癫痫、阿尔茨海默病等。<span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\"><strong>实验室未来5-10年期望回答以下两个基本脑科学问题：(1)人脑需向循环系统摄取和排放哪些代谢物，这些代谢物如何被转运？(2)是否可以通过调控特定的脑-血代谢物交换来干预脑疾病的进展？<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\"><strong><br\/><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">峰基金简介：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20231109\/202311092142.png\" title=\"202311092142.png\" alt=\"22222.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">      生物医学峰基金正式注册成立于2021年，旨在汇聚民间力量和资金，支持中国本土原创性生物医学研究的发展。作为纯公益性基金，峰基金依托于中国科学技术大学新创公益基金会，由深圳湾实验室资深研究员王立铭博士和凯风创投管理合伙人黄昕博士共同发起，致力于识别和长期支持一批具备强烈科学家精神、习惯并乐于探索未知科学问题、以拓展人类认知边界为己任的科学家；孵育一批具有一流科学价值或应用价值的科学成果；营造勇于探索、自由交流、相互激励的文化环境。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">      作为国内主流科学资助模式的有益补充，峰基金致力于建立简单、灵活、对科学家友好的管理和资助模式，最小化科学家在经费申请和使用上的精力投入和限制。峰基金的发起人和多位海内外一流科学家组织的顾问委员会共同为峰基金的资助方向、资助对象、学术活动进行把关和指导。<\/span><\/p>","date":"2023-11-07","description":"2023年11月7日，生物医学峰基金正式公布了2023年度资助科学家名单。五位杰出的生物医学研究者将得到来自峰基金每年100万人民币的持续科研资金支持，为期五年，进一步推动他们的科学探索与突破。北京脑科学与类脑研究所高级研究员戈鹉平入选本期资助名单！戈鹉平 北京脑科学与类脑研究所高级研究员&nbs"},{"id":"328","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Neuron | 北京脑所罗敏敏团队发现奖赏贬值及其调控抑郁症和肥胖的神经机制","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230921\/1695263486294869.png","content":"<p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2023年9月20日，<strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏实验室在Neuron发表题为<span style=\"color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">A Corticoamygdalar Pathway Controls Reward Devaluation and Depression Using Dynamic Inhibition Code<\/span><\/strong>的研究长文，揭示了前扣带回皮层<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（ACC）<\/span>的锥体神经元，尤其是其中一类投射到基底外侧杏仁核<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（BLA）<\/span>的前扣带回神经元能够编码和调控奖赏贬值。人为操控这些神经元可以相应调控小鼠对奖赏贬值的敏感性，从而使小鼠摄入过多或过少的奖赏，进而发展为肥胖或抑郁样状态。相反的操控方式则可被用来尝试治疗抑郁症等相关疾病。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The Minmin Luo Laboratory at the Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR) published a research article titled "<span style=\"color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">A Corticoamygdalar Pathway Controls Reward Devaluation and Depression Using Dynamic Inhibition Code<\/span>" in Neuron on September 20, 2023.<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"> The study reveals that pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), especially a type of ACC neurons that project to the basolateral amygdala (BLA), can encode and regulate reward devaluation. Manipulating these neurons can adjust the sensitivity of mice to reward devaluation, leading to overconsumption or underconsumption of rewards and subsequently developing into obesity or depression-like states. On the other hand, manipulating these neurons in the opposite way can be utilized to attempt to treat related diseases such as depression. <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">奖赏对于人和动物的生存与繁衍至关重要，例如食物、水和性，它们可以激励人和动物去寻求满足基本需求的行为，并产生愉悦的感觉，同时指导学习和记忆的形成。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">奖赏的价值并非是一成不变的，而是动态变化的，这由动物的生理需求和获得奖赏的历史所影响。换句话说，同样的奖赏在不同的时间和情境下可能会产生不同的效果。比如美味的食物和动听的音乐都是人们生活中常见的享受，但是我们往往会发现，当多次享用同样的美食或者聆听太多次同一首歌曲，这些令人愉悦的刺激会变得越来越平淡无味。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">获得奖赏的过程会导致主观愉悦感的降低，从而让我们感到饱足和厌倦，这一现象被称为<strong>感官特异性饱腹感<\/strong><span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（sensory-specific satiety）<\/span>；由此导致的主观奖赏价值的降低也可称为<strong>奖赏贬值<\/strong><span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（reward devaluation）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">奖赏贬值的过程使得人和动物能够动态地调整奖赏摄入，在合适的时候停止摄入某一奖赏，促进对新奖赏的寻求。保持对奖赏贬值的适当敏感性对于我们的生存和生活至关重要；该敏感性的异常变化可能导致相关的精神障碍。比如，对奖赏贬值不敏感与暴饮暴食和肥胖有关，而对贬值过度敏感则会降低对奖赏寻求的动机，甚至导致快感缺乏<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（即抑郁症的核心症状）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230921\/202309212071.png\" title=\"202309212071.png\" alt=\"1.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">虽然感官特异性饱腹感现象已经在包括人和小鼠在内的多种动物模型上被发现，但其中枢神经机制的研究极度缺乏，并且其对人类健康和精神疾病的影响还未被探索。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究团队首先通过光纤记录和小显微镜成像的方式从群体水平和单细胞水平记录了前扣带回锥体神经元对于不同奖赏和惩罚的反应<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（图1）<\/span>。无论小鼠是主动摄取奖赏<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（渴的小鼠舔水瓶，或饿的小鼠吃高脂食物）<\/span>或是被动接收到从口腔埋管递送的液体奖赏，前扣带回锥体神经元都能被显著地抑制，且该抑制强度与奖赏价值正相关；相反，不同的惩罚性刺激<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（苦水、电击）<\/span>则会激活这些神经元。小显微镜成像的结果显示前扣带回锥体神经元中41%被奖赏抑制，21%被奖赏激活，其余无显著反应，整体上也显示出对奖赏是抑制的反应。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230921\/202309211701.png\" title=\"202309211701.png\" alt=\"2.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">图1. ACC锥体神经元被奖赏抑制，且抑制程度与奖赏价值正相关<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px;\">根据这些记录的结果，研究者们接下来探究了损毁、抑制和激活这些神经元是否影响到奖赏的摄入<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（图2）<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px;\">。在一个水奖赏摄入的测试中，小鼠每天只有在测试的30分钟内能接触水瓶并喝到水，整个测试持续4-5天。在采用kainic acid <\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">(KA) <\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px;\">的兴奋毒性将前扣带回神经元损毁或者通过表达caspase3诱导前扣带回锥体神经元凋亡后，处于渴的状态的小鼠都表现出过度摄入水奖赏的效果，极端的情况下，小鼠甚至因为不能及时停止摄入水奖赏而最终死亡；通过化学遗传学实现暂时可逆的抑制或激活前扣带回锥体神经元，能够相应地显著增加或减少水奖赏的摄入。当把具有很强奖赏效应的高脂食物长期提供给小鼠后，前扣带回损毁的小鼠会摄入更多的高脂食物，并且体重一直快速升高，变得非常肥胖。<\/span><br\/><\/p><p><\/p><section style=\"text-wrap: wrap;\"><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230921\/202309217260.png\" title=\"202309217260.png\" alt=\"3.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">图2. ACC锥体神经元双向调控奖赏摄入，损毁后更易导致肥胖<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">有意思的一点是，损毁或抑制前扣带回神经元，只会增加奖赏的摄入；如果小鼠处于不渴的状态，抑制小鼠的前扣带回锥体神经元不会促使其去主动喝水。这一点也说明抑制前扣带回锥体神经元不是让小鼠感到渴，也不直接引起摄入奖赏的动机。<\/span><\/p><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">重复地摄入同样的奖赏会导致该奖赏的贬值，其引起的愉悦感会逐渐降低。为了探究前扣带回神经元如何编码这一动态过程，研究者们通过将水或糖水奖赏直接通过管道泵入小鼠的口腔内，重复100次实验，这样被动接受奖赏的过程保证了每次奖赏的量相同<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（图3）<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">。光纤记录的结果显示，在群体水平上，前扣带回锥体神经元刚开始被奖赏强烈抑制，随着奖赏的重复递送，该抑制程度逐渐减弱。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230921\/202309211920.png\" title=\"202309211920.png\" alt=\"4.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">图3. ACC锥体神经元通过逐渐减弱的抑制信号来编码奖赏贬值<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px;\">将100次实验平均分为5个block来进行统计分析，可观察到明显的奖赏引起抑制的减弱。同时，抑郁模型小鼠<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（CRS小鼠）<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 14px;\">表现出更快速的减弱，暗示抑郁小鼠的奖赏贬值更快。小显微镜成像记录揭示出在单细胞水平，随着奖赏的重复递送，前扣带回神经元中被奖赏抑制的神经元数量逐渐减少，而被奖赏激活的神经元数量无显著变化。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为了进一步探究前扣带回与奖赏贬值的关系，研究者改进了在其他动物模型中用到的测试奖赏贬值的行为范式<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（图4）<\/span>。在小鼠足量摄入某一种奖赏后，其将降低对此奖赏的偏好，而更倾向于选择另外一种奖赏。当损毁或抑制前扣带回锥体神经元后，小鼠不会降低其对之前奖赏的偏好，这说明前扣带回锥体神经元的正常活动对奖赏贬值是必要的。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230921\/202309211697.png\" title=\"202309211697.png\" alt=\"5.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">图4. ACC锥体神经元控制奖赏贬值和抑郁样行为<\/span><\/p><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">抑郁动物模型表现出对奖赏贬值过于敏感，而且这一缺陷可以被快速抗抑郁药ketamine所缓解。化学遗传学抑制前扣带回锥体神经元同样可以缓解抑郁样动物过于敏感的奖赏贬值特征，同时也能缓解快感缺乏和行为绝望等抑郁样行为。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">前扣带回神经元在全脑的投射非常复杂，为了探究哪些前扣带回神经元通路编码并控制奖赏贬值、奖赏摄入及抑郁样行为，研究者们通过重构单个神经元的完整形态，鉴定出5类投射特异的前扣带回神经元，分别是投射到VTA、BLA、NAc、MS及OFC的神经元亚群<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（图5）<\/span>。进一步的多种示踪实验也确认这五类神经元有不同的侧枝<span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（collateral）<\/span>模式，胞体位置也各具有特异的分布。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230921\/202309211322.png\" title=\"202309211322.png\" alt=\"6.png\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><section><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">图5. ACC锥体神经元有不同投射模式的多个亚群<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为了验证哪些亚类神经元能控制奖赏贬值和抑郁样行为，研究者们进行了大量的行为学筛选测试<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\">（图6）<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">。<\/span><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230921\/202309212016.png\" title=\"202309212016.png\" alt=\"7.png\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><section><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(165, 165, 165); font-size: 10px;\">图6. 投射到BLA的ACC神经元控制奖赏贬值和抑郁样行为<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">从包括以上提到的5个代表性脑区在内的11个下游脑区分别逆行标记前扣带回神经元，损毁后进行水奖赏摄入测试。只有损毁投射到基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）的前扣带回神经元显著增加了奖赏的摄入，而且显著阻断了奖赏贬值。光纤记录和小显微镜成像也验证了该亚群神经元能够通过逐渐减弱的抑制信号来编码奖赏贬值。激活该类神经元可敏化奖赏贬值、降低奖赏摄入、诱发抑郁样行为；而在抑郁动物中损毁该类神经元则可缓解抑郁样症状。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">综上所述，该研究发现前扣带回的锥体神经元，尤其是投射到基底外侧杏仁核的亚类，能够编码并控制奖赏贬值。损毁或抑制这些神经元可钝化奖赏贬值，使动物摄入过多的奖赏，但是极端情况会导致肥胖或水中毒等；激活这些神经元则可敏化奖赏贬值，减少奖赏摄入，表现出抑郁样行为。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">与常见的“静态”编码奖赏或厌恶不同，本研究关注到了前扣带回这一大脑皮层区域，在奖赏价值“动态”变化中的重要作用。这一发现有助于更好地理解和解释抑郁样行为，同时为抑郁症和进食障碍等相关疾病提供了新的治疗策略。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>论文信息：<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏实验室博士后<strong>袁正巍<\/strong>、原罗敏敏实验室与华中科技大学联合培养博士<strong>齐中阳<\/strong>为共同第一作者，<strong>罗敏敏<\/strong>博士为通讯作者。该论文的其他作者还包括北生所及北京脑所的王睿宇博士、崔玉婷博士、冯琦茹博士、林睿博士、戴睿成和武国丽，以及华中科技大学付玲教授、龚辉教授、骆清铭教授、安司乐博士和李安安博士。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">本研究受科技部科技创新2030—“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目、中国医学科学院医学神经生物学创新单元、新基石研究员项目及北京市政府的资助。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>论文链接：<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.08.022\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.08.022<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section>","date":"2023-09-21","description":"2023年9月20日，北京脑科学与类脑研究所罗敏敏实验室在Neuron发表题为A Corticoamygdalar Pathway Controls Reward Devaluation and Depression Using Dynamic Inhibition Code的研究长文，揭示了前扣带回皮层（ACC）的锥体神经元，尤其是其中一类投射到基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）的前扣带回神经元能够编码和调控奖赏贬值。人为"},{"id":"325","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑中心举办2023年开学典礼：来CIBR，玩科学！","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230911\/1694396418810221.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309118130.jpg\" title=\"202309118130.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230906091839.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">9月5日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心隆重举办2023年开学典礼。<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在这个充满希望的季节，脑中心迎来了<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">43位<\/strong>优秀同学的加入。在脑中心教务部老师的精心策划下，全体师生齐聚一堂，共同展望未来科研生活，迎接新学年的到来。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">开学典礼由脑中心研究员、新一届培养指导委员会主席熊巍老师主持。联合主任饶毅、罗敏敏，教师代表陈广研究员进行致辞，表达了对新生们的欢迎与期待。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">博士后代表曹议匀、22级老生代表王婷婷、23级新生代表王舒怡分别分享了自己的科研经历与感悟。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309115252.jpg\" title=\"202309115252.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230906111202.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">联合主任饶毅首先向新同学们表示欢迎。他表示，脑科学研究在所有科学研究中具有独一无二的特点，是极少数既能仰望天空，又能脚踏实地的学科。他鼓励同学们在神经科学研究中拥有“玩”的心态，“潇洒”与“严肃”并存，致力于解决与人类日常密切相关的脑科学问题。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（精彩全文，敬请期待）<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309113490.jpg\" title=\"202309113490.jpg\" alt=\"0905-7.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">联合主任罗敏敏在致辞中描述了脑中心浓厚的科学研究氛围与先进的人才培养愿景，同时向站在科研旅程新起点的同学们提出了期待，他鼓励大家充分利用脑中心优质的学术资源，为脑中心带来新的视角与思路，做出影响学界乃至世界的贡献。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（精彩全文，敬请期待）<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309117158.jpg\" title=\"202309117158.jpg\" alt=\"0905-8.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">教师代表陈广与大家分享了自己在求学和科研过程中遇到的困难与挑战，指出“整个科研或人生过程就是一个坚持与探索、变与不变的平衡”。在科研旅程中，曲折和变数或许是常态，但信心、勇气和坚持却能助我们爬上一个个山顶，领略不一样的风景。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309115817.jpg\" title=\"202309115817.jpg\" alt=\"0905-10.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">博士后代表曹议匀老师分享了她的求学经历。她认为，想要进入一个全新的领域，学习自己未曾深入了解过的知识，探索前人还未解决的问题，需要以下几个方面的支持：第一，基础扎实的导师；第二，出色的平台；第三，良好的学术交流氛围。而脑中心正是这样一个能够让人心无旁骛进行科研探索的地方。她鼓励同学们在脑中心传承新时代科研的火炬，在科学历史上留下自己的印迹。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309111905.jpg\" title=\"202309111905.jpg\" alt=\"0905-9.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">22级老生代表王婷婷向新同学们表示了真诚的欢迎和祝贺。通过回顾自己在脑中心的成长点滴，她向学弟学妹们分享了许多宝贵经验：如何通过轮转拓宽视野、如何充分利用辅助平台资源、如何有效展开科研合作……她相信在建设日益完善的脑中心，所有同学都可以大展拳脚，追逐科研梦想。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309112039.jpg\" title=\"202309112039.jpg\" alt=\"0905-11.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">23级新生代表王舒怡分享了自己在求学路上对“方向感”的探寻。她表示，希望能够和同学们一起，在未来几年中找到自己在科研路上的“方向感”，明确“自己现在在做什么，为了什么在做，以及将来要做什么，又是为了实现什么价值”，在不断地探索中实现自己的目标和人生的价值。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230911\/202309119461.jpg\" title=\"202309119461.jpg\" alt=\"QQ截图20230908112732.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">随后，Magdalena J Koziol、谢梦、李雅堂、赵瑚、Akihiro Yamanaka等研究员分别向新生们展示了自己所在实验室的研究成果和未来发展方向。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">老师们表示，在脑中心，每个人都有机会去探索未知、挑战自我，并且取得更好的成绩。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">随着本次开学典礼的举办，新的科研旅程正式拉开了帷幕。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">我们相信，在北京脑科学与类脑研究中心这个大家庭里，每个人都会取得更好的成绩，共同创造更加美好的未来。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">让我们共同期待这个充满挑战与机遇的新学年吧！<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-09-06","description":"9月5日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心隆重举办2023年开学典礼。在这个充满希望的季节，脑中心迎来了43位优秀同学的加入。在脑中心教务部老师的精心策划下，全体师生齐聚一堂，共同展望未来科研生活，迎接新学年的到来。开学典礼由脑中心研究员、新一届培养指导委员会主席熊巍老师主持。联合主任饶毅、罗敏敏，教师代表陈广研究"},{"id":"322","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"不负众望！北京脑中心五年国际评估顺利通过","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230814\/1691976994937689.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为科学评价五年建设成效，锚定未来发展方向，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心于本年度组织开展五年（2018-2023）国际评估工作，目前已顺利通过国际委员会评估，各项工作获得高度认可。<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230814\/202308144313.jpg\" title=\"202308144313.jpg\" alt=\"0731会议-8.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">国际评估委员会专家赴脑中心考察<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本次国际评估现场考察环节于7月31日-8月1日进行，由哈佛大学<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Joshua Sanes<\/strong>、麻省理工学院<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Robert Desimone<\/strong>、日内瓦大学<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Christian Luscher<\/strong>、日本筑波大学<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Masashi Yanagisawa<\/strong>、斯坦福大学<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">骆利群<\/strong>、麻省理工学院<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">冯国平<\/strong>、深圳医学科学院<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">颜宁<\/strong>、中国医学科学院<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">王辰<\/strong>等8位国内外顶尖科学家组成评估委员会，赴北京脑中心进行为期两天的现场评估工作，实地考察脑中心建设情况，并参与脑科学前沿学术报告会。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">7月31日，评委会听取脑中心联合主任罗敏敏作五年发展报告、脑中心科学家科研进展报告，与博士后及学生进行座谈交流，实地参观脑中心实验室及技术支撑平台。重点考察了脑中心在人才队伍、技术平台建设、基础设施保障、科研共建合作、成果产出等方面的建设进展，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">并形成一致意见：<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在北京市政府的大力支持下，北京脑中心正沿着成为世界级脑科学研究机构的轨道前进，短短五年间，在人才引进培养、研究水平与学术影响等方面取得了卓越进展，为今后迈向世界级一流研究机构奠定了坚实的基础。<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230814\/202308144520.jpg\" title=\"202308144520.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230810101842.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">脑中心联合主任<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">饶毅<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">致辞<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230814\/202308141354.jpg\" title=\"202308141354.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230810104308.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">脑中心联合主任罗敏敏作五年发展报告<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230814\/202308148615.jpg\" title=\"202308148615.jpg\" alt=\"0731会议-2.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">国际评估委员会专家听取报告<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230814\/202308149651.jpg\" title=\"202308149651.jpg\" alt=\"0731会议-6.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">国际评估委员会专家参观脑中心<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">8月1日，于英杰副市长会见国际评估委员会专家。<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">于英杰同志表示：北京市希望将北京脑中心建设成国际一流的脑科学研究机构，国际评估委员对其五年建设进展的高度评价，更加坚定了北京市支持脑中心发展的信心。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230814\/202308146879.jpg\" title=\"202308146879.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230808152444.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">于英杰副市长会见国际评估委员会专家<\/span><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为进一步加强国际间神经科学领域学术交流，脑中心在评估期间举办了<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“2023·北京脑科学前沿学术报告会”<\/strong>。作为本次国际评估的特色活动，报告会邀请<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Joshua Sanes、Robert Desimone、骆利群<\/strong>等7位国际评估委员会专家，以及北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">饶毅<\/strong>，首都医学科学创新中心<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">梅林<\/strong>，清华大学生命科学学院<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">时松海<\/strong>，北京大学麦戈文研究所<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">李毓龙<\/strong>，北京大学IDG麦戈文脑科学研究所<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">于翔<\/strong>作为嘉宾，以学术报告的形式，就脑科学基础前沿问题展开深入交流。报告会以线下方式进行，并进行线上同步直播。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230814\/202308147265.jpg\" title=\"202308147265.jpg\" alt=\"QQ截图20230814093123.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">Joshua Sanes、Robert Desimone、骆利群等12位专家作现场报告<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本次五年国际评估，重点关注脑中心学术成就及国际影响、机构组织管理与运行效率、资源投入产出效果，旨在梳理脑中心成立五年来的发展轨迹，分析现阶段自身发展优势与潜力，以明确中心今后五年发展方向。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">专家委员会的高度认可，反映了中心成立以来在机构建设、学科布局、学术水平、人才引进、人才培养等方面的显著成就。这是对脑中心过去五年工作的完美总结，也是对未来建设发展的督促和激励。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">相信在本次国际评估的指导下，脑中心将在下一个五年中再创佳绩，在脑科学研究领域取得新突破！<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-08-14","description":"为科学评价五年建设成效，锚定未来发展方向，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心于本年度组织开展五年（2018-2023）国际评估工作，目前已顺利通过国际委员会评估，各项工作获得高度认可。国际评估委员会专家赴脑中心考察本次国际评估现场考察环节于7月31日-8月1日进行，由哈佛大学Joshua Sanes、麻省理工学院Robert Desimone、日内瓦"},{"id":"314","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Brain | 戈鹉平实验室与首医洪韬、张鸿祺团队阐明散发性海绵状血管畸形致病机理","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230613\/1686636067203938.jpg","content":"<h1><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">脑和脊髓海绵状血管畸形（CCM）是中枢神经系统常见的出血性血管疾病，人群患病率约为1\/200。15%患者表现出家族遗传性，但绝大多数（85%）为散发性病例。CCM可导致癫痫、脑出血和其他的神经功能障碍，但当前没有靶向药物进行治疗，只能通过手术切除，而部分CCM发生位置过深，手术难度大，术后的并发症等因素限制了手术治疗的效果。因此，探究其发生机制，寻找潜在药物靶点是当前亟需解决的关键问题。2021年，我国两个研究团队（包括洪韬、张鸿祺、汪一波合作团队）首次报道了MAP3K3体细胞激活突变与散发海绵状血管畸形相关<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">(1,2)<\/span>，约40%的散发性海绵状血管畸形患者中存在MAP3K3基因的体细胞突变。但MAP3K3是否是疾病的驱动因素，MAP3K3导致疾病的分子机制如何，是否可以通过阻断MAP3K3下游通路控制疾病的发展都仍未明确。<\/span><\/h1><h1><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">近日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心的戈鹉平实验室和首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科洪韬、张鸿祺团队合作，在<em>Brain<\/em>杂志上发表了题为“Somatic variants of MAP3K3 are sufficient to cause cerebral and spinal cord cavernous malformations”（MAP3K3单基因体细胞突变足以诱发脑与脊髓海绵状血管畸形）的研究论文<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">(3)<\/span>。<\/span><\/h1><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230613\/202306131631.jpg\" title=\"202306131631.jpg\" alt=\"202306131631.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" style=\"width: 960px; height: 720px;\"\/><\/p><h1><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在两个合作团队成员任健、黄雅姿、任叶青、涂天琦、邱宝山等共同努力下，他们建立了只在中枢神经系统血管内皮细胞中表达 MAP3K3 I441M突变体的脑和脊髓CCM小鼠模型。他们检测到该小鼠表现出与<\/span><a name=\"OLE_LINK2\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">携带MAP3K3I441M突变患者相似的病理表型。通过双光子活体成像，研究人员观察到了过表达MAP3K3I441M突变体的内皮细胞可诱导CCM的发生发展甚至破裂出血的动态过程，并阐述了海绵状血管畸形的发生机制：畸形血管的发生是由于突变的血管内皮细胞体积不断扩张，进而导致血脑屏障的破坏，而非血管内皮细胞的增生。他们还发现，使用mTOR抑制剂雷帕霉素可以减轻MAP3K3I441M小鼠CCM出血并减小畸形血管病灶（见图，毕湛迎绘）。这证明MAP3K3单基因突变能够导致中枢神经系统CCM的发生，实验结果为脑与脊髓CCM患者提供了有前景的治疗靶点与方案。<\/span><\/h1><h1><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">这项工作同时得到首都医科大学王伊龙教授、中国医学科学院阜外医院汪一波教授以及北京脑中心孙文智教授等众多团队的支持。<\/span><\/h1><h1><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">参考文献：<\/span><\/h1><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1. Hong T, Xiao X, Ren J, Cui B, Zong Y, Zou J, Kou Z, Jiang N, Meng G, Zeng G, Shan Y, Wu H, Chen Z, Liang J, Xiao X, Tang J, Wei Y, Ye M, Sun L, Li G, Hu P, Hui R, Zhang H, Wang Y.  Somatic MAP3K3 and PIK3CA mutations in sporadic cerebral and spinal cord cavernous malformations. <em>Brain<\/em>. (2021) ;144(9):2648-2658.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2. Weng J, Yang Y, Song D, Huo R, Li H, Chen Y, Nam Y, Zhou Q, Jiao Y, Fu W, Yan Z, Wang J, Xu H, Di L, Li J, Wang S, Zhao J, Wang J, Cao Y. Somatic MAP3K3 mutation defines a subclass of cerebral cavernous malformation. <em>Am J Hum Genet<\/em>. (2021);108(5):942-950.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">3. Ren J, Huang Y, Ren Y, Tu T, Qiu B, Ai D, Bi Z, Bai X, Li F, Li JL, Chen XJ, Feng Z, Guo Z, Lei J, Tian A, Cui Z, Lindner V, Adams RH, Wang Y, Zhao F, Körbelin J, Sun W, Wang Y, Zhang H, Hong T, Ge WP. Somatic variants of MAP3K3 are sufficient to cause cerebral and spinal cord cavernous malformations.<em> Brain<\/em>. 2023 Mar 30:awad104.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">链接: <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awad104\/7095614?login=false\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awad104\/7095614?login=false<\/a><\/span><\/p>","date":"2023-06-13","description":"脑和脊髓海绵状血管畸形（CCM）是中枢神经系统常见的出血性血管疾病，人群患病率约为1\/200。15%患者表现出家族遗传性，但绝大多数（85%）为散发性病例。CCM可导致癫痫、脑出血和其他的神经功能障碍，但当前没有靶向药物进行治疗，只能通过手术切除，而部分CCM发生位置过深，手术难度大，术后的并发症等因素限制了手术治疗的"},{"id":"313","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Nat. Commun. | 北京脑中心崔再续团队和宣武医院赵国光院长团队合作揭示白质BOLD功能连接的神经电生理与结构基础","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230612\/1686535428745036.png","content":"<p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术已被广泛应用于人脑神经活动的定位，但以往的研究主要关注脑灰质功能，而普遍忽略白质的功能信号。最近的研究表明，脑白质的fMRI血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号在静息态和特定任务态下呈现不同模式，可能与潜在的神经活动有关，而且白质BOLD信号的功能连接形成稳定的网络结构<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">1-4<\/sup>。但白质BOLD功能连接是否反映底层的颅内白质电生理信号的同步及其结构基础尚不清楚。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2023年6月9日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心崔再续团队与首都医科大学宣武医院赵国光院长团队合作在<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Communications<\/em><\/strong>发表题为<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“Intracranial electrophysiological and structural basis of BOLD functional connectivity in human brain white matter”<\/strong>的研究，为白质BOLD功能连接的神经电生理和结构连接基础提供证据。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本研究采用16名难治性癫痫患者的多模态脑影像数据集，每位患者因手术需要都在宣武医院神经外科完成了颅内电极（SEEG）植入。此外，在植入电极前采集了结构MRI、静息态fMRI和高质量扩散谱成像。SEEG立体定向电极植入大脑中，记录了广泛的白质区域的颅内局部场电位信号。本研究基于颅内脑电、静息态fMRI以及扩散谱成像构建脑白质的颅内SEEG功能连接、非侵入的BOLD功能连接以及基于白质纤维的结构连接，并进一步研究白质BOLD功能连接的神经电生理基础与结构基础。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230612\/202306122537.png\" title=\"202306122537.png\" alt=\"640 (1).png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图1：对单个被试分析，发现BOLD和SEEG白质功能连接的相关在多个频段稳定存在。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230612\/202306122026.png\" title=\"202306122026.png\" alt=\"640 (2).png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图2：所有16名被试的多个频段中BOLD和SEEG白质功能连接之间的相关性。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">结果表明，每位被试的白质BOLD功能连接与白质SEEG功能连接在多种频带范围内高度相关，表明白质BOLD功能连接具有底层的神经电生理基础。图1中a呈现了两例白质脑区BOLD功能连接与颅内SEEG功能连接（功能连接即两个脑区时间序列的相关性），b呈现了一例被试的BOLD功能连接与1-4 Hz频段下的SEEG功能连接矩阵，c图表明这两个矩阵具有显著相关，d图表明BOLD功能连接与不同频段下的SEEG功能连接都具有显著相关。我们发现所有16个被试上白质BOLD功能连接与不同频段下SEEG功能连接相关，其中绝大部分相关性经过多重比较矫正后仍保持显著（图2）。进一步分析表明白质的BOLD和SEEG功能连接均与其结构连接相关，印证了功能连接受结构连接约束（图3）。这些结果在不同被试间表现出稳定的可重复性。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230612\/202306121006.png\" title=\"202306121006.png\" alt=\"640 (3).png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图3：BOLD和SEEG白质功能连接的白质纤维结构连接基础。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本研究为白质BOLD功能连接提供了神经电生理和结构基础的证据，表明白质BOLD功能连接反映底层的神经元集群局部场电位信号的同步，并受到结构连接基础的限制。研究结果为从白质BOLD功能连接这一新颖的角度研究人类认知及各类神经精神疾病的生物学标记提供了基础。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">论文信息<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心崔再续实验室副研究员黄亚丽、宣武医院魏鹏虎主任、与北脑博士生徐龙洲为该论文的共同第一作者；宣武医院院长赵国光与北脑研究员崔再续为共同通讯作者。其他作者为：陈德生、杨彦枫、宋闻凯、易阳洋、贾晓利、吴国伟、樊青晨。感谢Vanderbilt大学丁肇华老师和Indiana大学于美辰老师的帮助。研究得到国家科技创新2030“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目青年科学家项目、国家自然科学基金、北京市科技新星、以及北脑经费等的支持。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">作为该工作的延续，崔再续团队与赵国光院长团队将合作开展基于脑成像和颅内脑电的脑网络研究，招聘感兴趣的<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">副研究员、博士后、科研助理、实习生<\/strong>，有意者请将申请材料发送至：<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">cuizaixu@cibr.ac.cn<\/strong>。邮件标题标明：应聘职位+姓名。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">参考文献<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px;\">1. Ding, Z.<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"> et al.<\/em><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"> <\/strong>Spatio-temporal correlation tensors reveal functional structure in human brain. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">PLoS One<\/em><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"> <\/strong><\/em>8, e82107 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1371\/journal.pone.0082107<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px;\">2. Ding, Z. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">et al.<\/em> Detection of synchronous brain activity in white matter tracts at rest and under functional loading. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A <\/em>115, 595-600 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1073\/pnas.1711567115<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px;\">3. Peer, M., Nitzan, M., Bick, A. S., Levin, N. & Arzy, S. Evidence for Functional Networks within the Human Brain's White Matter. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience<\/em> 37, 6394-6407 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3872-16.2017<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px;\">4. Ji, G.-J., Liao, W., Chen, F.-F., Zhang, L. & Wang, K. Low-frequency blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations in the brain white matter: more than just noise. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Sci. Bull <\/em>62, 10.1016 (2017). <\/span><\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">论文链接<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-39067-3\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-39067-3<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-06-12","description":"功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术已被广泛应用于人脑神经活动的定位，但以往的研究主要关注脑灰质功能，而普遍忽略白质的功能信号。最近的研究表明，脑白质的fMRI血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号在静息态和特定任务态下呈现不同模式，可能与潜在的神经活动有关，而且白质BOLD信号的功能连接形成稳定的网络结构1-4。但白质BOLD功能连接是"},{"id":"309","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"eLife | 饶毅实验室研究人类智力障碍的分子机理","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230515\/1684138079367771.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">约1%左右的人有智力障碍问题，可以说智障是一种高发疾患。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">多种原因可以造成人的智障，包括科学研究发现了多个基因的突变可以导致智障，但其机理有待研究。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">以前人类遗传学研究发现转运蛋白SLC6A17的基因突变造成病人的智力障碍。但SLC6A17的正常功能以及其突变为什么能够造成智障都不清楚。<\/span><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">饶毅实验室<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">通过结合分子生物学、遗传学、生物化学、化学分析和少量的物理，研究了这两个问题。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230515\/202305151165.jpg\" title=\"202305151165.jpg\" alt=\"微信截图_20230515153751.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">Jia X, Zhu J, Bian X, Liu S, Yu S, Liang W, Jiang L, Mao R and Rao Y (2023) Importance of glutamine in synaptic vesicles revealed by functional studies of SLC6A17 and its mutations pathogenic for intellectual disability.<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">eLife<\/em>12:86972.<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2023年，饶毅实验室发表论文，报道贾晓波、祝婕敏和卞希玲等制造了SLC6A17基因敲除的小鼠，也按照人类智障的突变位点制造了小鼠的点突变株。她们发现无论是基因缺失、还是人类智障相应的点突变，都出现小鼠学习缺陷。这些结果显示SLC6A17造成智障的点突变都是基因或蛋白质功能缺失所致。通过生物化学，贾晓波、祝婕敏和卞希玲等分离了神经细胞的突触囊泡(SV)，用质谱、抗体和电子显微镜分析都证明SLC6A17蛋白质存在于SV中。贾晓波、祝婕敏和卞希玲等进一步用液相色谱偶联质谱，分析SV内含的小分子。他们发现，SLC6A17的SV富集了谷氨酰胺(Gln)。通过病毒介导导致小鼠脑过表达SLC6A17后，SV内含Gln更多。而通过遗传突变或者病毒介导导致SLC6A17基因敲除后，SV内含Gln减少。智障的突变一种是导致SLC6A17蛋白质不能表达在SV，一种是导致SLC6A17转运功能缺陷。多种方法加上7种基因修饰的小鼠证明，SLC6A17的内源底物是Gln，揭示了Gln是SV的一种新的内含小分子，证明SLC6A17对于Gln转运进入SV既是必需的也是充分的，提示SV内含Gln的减少是人类智障的关键致病机理。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">饶毅实验室2023年这篇Gln的文章，看上去是研究智障，实际更大意义是他们在讨论中强调的一点：Gln是否是脑内新的神经递质。此前，Gln作为一般代谢的分子，而极难想象它可以是传递神经信号的化学递质。贾晓波、祝婕敏和卞希玲等的一系列研究，明确Gln符合作为神经递质的一个关键点：存在于SV中。但需要满足更多条件，才能被证明为神经递质。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">SLC6A17是SLC6的亚家族成员。这个亚家族有几个成员是神经递质的转运蛋白。但SLC6A17以前被认为转运4到9种氨基酸。贾晓波、祝婕敏和卞希玲等证明在脑内SLC6A17只能看见转运Gln，没有证据它在脑内还转运其他氨基酸。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">发现Gln在SLC6A17转运下，进入SV，提示、但未证明Gln可能是新的中枢神经递质。文章在讨论中用了相当长的篇幅讨论Gln作为神经递质的可能性。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">如果Gln最终被证明是神经递质，这一研究将被认为是非常有刺激性的开创性研究。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">论文信息<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">论文发表在<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">eLife<\/em><\/strong>，题目为：<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">功能研究SLC6A17转运蛋白及其导致智力障碍突变揭示突触囊泡中谷氨酰胺的重要性<\/strong>。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">共同第一作者为贾晓波、祝婕敏和卞希玲，其他作者为刘素林、余思涵、梁文君、姜丽芬和毛仁波，通讯作者为饶毅。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">地址为神经化学生物学实验室，北大IDG\/麦戈文脑研究所，北大清华生命科学联合中心，北大生命科学学院，北大化学与分子工程学院化学生物学系，北京脑科学中心，首都医科大学首都医学科学创新中心，昌平实验室，中国医科院医学神经生物学单元，深圳湾实验室分子生理学研究所。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">论文链接<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.86972.1\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.86972.1<\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-05-15","description":"约1%左右的人有智力障碍问题，可以说智障是一种高发疾患。多种原因可以造成人的智障，包括科学研究发现了多个基因的突变可以导致智障，但其机理有待研究。以前人类遗传学研究发现转运蛋白SLC6A17的基因突变造成病人的智力障碍。但SLC6A17的正常功能以及其突变为什么能够造成智障都不清楚。饶毅实验室通过结合分子生物学、遗"},{"id":"307","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"“智能脑机系统增强计划”正式启动","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230413\/1681375257685921.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304133110.jpg\" title=\"202304133110.jpg\" alt=\"图片1.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2023年4月12日，北京市重点推动的<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“智能脑机系统增强计划”在北京脑科学与类脑研究中心学术报告厅正式启动<\/strong>。昌平区委副书记、区长支现伟，北京市科委、中关村管委会副主任曹巍、昌平国家实验室金勤献副主任、中关村发展集团副总经理贾一伟等领导及首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院赵继宗院士、管仲军书记，首都医科大学宣武医院院长赵国光，清华大学电子工程系系主任汪玉，北京大学信息工程学院副院长杨玉超，中国科学院微电子研究所研究员刘昱等共建单位及合作单位专家学者近150人出席了会议。会议由北京脑科学与类脑研究中心副主任张泽工主持。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“智能脑机系统增强计划”是北京市政府推动的重大项目之一，由中关村发展集团与北京脑科学与类脑研究中心共同推动<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">，借鉴荷兰光子三角洲（Photon Delta）模式，采用“基金+中心+联盟”的新型机制，支持脑机专项研发和产业化，链接脑机企业上下游关键环节，打造北京市脑机产业生态。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304138762.jpg\" title=\"202304138762.jpg\" alt=\"图片2.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">北京脑中心联合主任、特聘研究员罗敏敏致辞<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑中心联合主任、特聘研究员罗敏敏在致辞中表示，“智能脑机系统增强计划实施方案”是在北京市政府的指导和支持下，脑中心牵头，联合北大、清华、中科院以及首医临床医院等优势单位，经过前期充分调研、组织专家研讨，多次打磨论证，提出打造国际领先的“北脑一号”、“北脑二号”两套“智能脑机系统”，并将在临床医院进行验证应用。北京市已在电极、芯片、神经解码、神经控制、脑疾病临床治疗方面都有长期的技术积累，为该计划的实施提供了重要基础。我们将加速该计划研发，推进系统集成，早日实现应用和验证目标。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304131849.jpg\" title=\"202304131849.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230413093546.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">北脑<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">-天坛临床医学转化实验室暨赵继宗院士工作站揭牌<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304131656.jpg\" title=\"202304131656.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230413093625.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">北脑-清华（电子）神经信息与认知计算实验室揭牌<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为配合推动脑科学基础研究与临床医学、电子工程等方面的合作，共同开展脑疾病、面向神经生物学前沿探索需求的新一代脑机接口关键技术等交叉合作研究，北京脑中心首批启动了“北脑-天坛临床医学转化实验室暨赵继宗院士工作站”、“北脑-清华（电子）神经信息与认知计算实验室”两个共建实验室。两个实验室的成立为脑中心在多学科交叉合作及在临床的转化应用，搭建北京脑科学和类脑研究科研合作和学术交流平台开启了良好的开端。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304136481.jpg\" title=\"202304136481.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230413163248.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院管仲军书记讲话<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院管仲军书记指出，脑机接口产业发展需要上下游各环节紧密衔接、多学科协同发展，首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院的医疗资源向基础研究科学家开放，医院将尽最大努力为科研和临床的合作研究提供便利，共同促进北京脑机接口产业的发展。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304131313.jpg\" title=\"202304131313.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230413101817.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">首都医科大学宣武医院赵国光院长讲话<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">首都医科大学宣武医院赵国光院长指出，作为临床医院我们特别关注脑科学与神经外科的结合，脑科学基础学者提供了很多脑机接口研究范式，推动临床改善和治疗各类脑功能疾病。恰逢中国脑计划已经启动实施，我们期待基础学者、临床医生、产业专家联合，对大脑这一浩瀚的宇宙进行积极探索，对人类脑疾病治愈这一重大挑战进行协作攻坚。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304131231.jpg\" title=\"202304131231.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230413163339.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">昌平国家实验室副主任金勤献讲话<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">昌平国家实验室副主任金勤献对“智能脑机系统增强计划”启动实施表示祝贺，他表示，北京脑中心与昌平实验室两家单位在脑科学研究领域保持密切的合作关系，未来将继续在脑科学与脑疾病方向深化合作，共同打造世界脑科学与类脑研究的战略高地。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230413\/202304131242.jpg\" title=\"202304131242.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230413163410.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">昌平区委副书记、区长支现伟讲话<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">昌平区委副书记、区长支现伟讲话指出，昌平是首都建设国际科创中心的重要承载区，也是北京发展医药健康产业的主阵地。昌平“生命谷”的建设，汇聚了生物医药产业发展所需的各类要素，“十四五”期间昌平区将扩容打造生命科学创新走廊，为科学家研究、企业家创业提供充足的产业空间，同时持续在政策、人才、成果转化等方面予以大力支持，做好配套支撑服务。希望广大科学家继续扎根昌平、矢志创新，推动更多科研成果落地昌平，也希望大家邀请更多的科学家走进昌平、创业昌平。预祝智能脑机系统增强计划顺利实施、早结硕果！<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-04-13","description":"2023年4月12日，北京市重点推动的“智能脑机系统增强计划”在北京脑科学与类脑研究中心学术报告厅正式启动。昌平区委副书记、区长支现伟，北京市科委、中关村管委会副主任曹巍、昌平国家实验室金勤献副主任、中关村发展集团副总经理贾一伟等领导及首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院赵继宗院士、管仲军书记，首都医科大学宣武医院"},{"id":"302","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Neuron | 十余年不辍研究：饶毅团队揭示从鼠到猴“亲母行为”的分子和细胞机理","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230309\/1678333088109092.png","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303093104.png\" title=\"202303093104.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101428.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">哺乳动物的第一个社会行为是<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">亲母行为<\/strong>(maternal affiliation、maternal attachment)。通过研究多种动物（特别是包括猴在内）的亲母行为，揭示分子和细胞机理、特别是在多种动物中显示保守的机理，有助于理解人类的行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">与其他社会行为、其他行为一样，亲母虽然是天经地义、却不是轻而易举，而是需要特定的分子、特定的神经细胞才能控制和实行。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">出于好奇心，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">饶毅实验室<\/strong>长年对社会行为进行基础研究，希望在分子和细胞层面理解社会行为的机理，曾发现控制果蝇打架、老鼠求偶等社会行为的分子。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">近日国际学术刊物发表他们延续十几年的一项研究，揭示控制“亲母行为”的分子和细胞机理。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">他们发现，神经递质分子“五羟色胺”对亲母行为是必需的。如果动物婴儿脑内不能合成五羟色胺，亲母行为就会出现显著缺陷，幼崽不会很快去接近母亲，也不偏好母亲与其他雌性。而这些动物的嗅觉和视觉并无缺陷。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">用遗传学和基因操纵证明，小鼠、大鼠、猴的亲母行为都需要脑内的五羟色胺。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这是人类第一次在同一篇论文用小鼠、大鼠到猴来自遗传学和分子生物学的证据证明一个基因与一种行为的关系。<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">他们进一步使用传统的电生理学、药理学和免疫组织化学，结合现代光学成像、化学遗传学、光遗传学、病毒遗传学等方法，发现五羟色胺来源于中缝核的神经元，它们投射到室旁核，释放的五羟色胺激活那里的催产素能神经元，通过社会性神经肽“催产素”，进而调控亲母行为的部分成分，在分子和细胞层面提供了机理解释。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这篇论文还提出一个可能普遍适用的机理：五羟色胺作为社会性神经肽的主控(master regulator)而调控哺乳动物多种社会行为】<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091559.jpg\" title=\"202303091559.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101452.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">众所周知，很多动物不是单独生活，而具有社会性。哺乳动物出生后的第一个社会行为是依附于母亲(所谓“亲母行为”，maternal affiliation、maternal attachment)。<br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">亲母行为不仅对于婴儿获得营养、寻求保护等生存本能很重要，而且可能影响其成年后的行为。在人和灵长类，都有证据显示婴幼年缺乏亲母行为可以损害成年后的生活。即使母亲或看护者有虐待婴幼儿行为，婴幼儿也仍然表现亲近行为，更从反面说明亲近行为的重要性。<br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">科学对于亲母行为的分子和细胞机理理解不够。神经肽催产素(OXT)和精氨酸-加压素(AVP)对社会行为很重要，被认为是“社会性神经肽”。它们参与小鼠的亲母行为，缺乏它们的时候，影响剥夺母亲引起的小鼠婴儿发送超声波(USVs)。但是，啮齿类亲母行为中OXT的具体功能有争议：有报道OXT基因敲除的小鼠幼崽减少发放USV，而另有报道外源OXT的加入可以减少大鼠幼崽发放USV。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等制造了剔除“色氨酸水解酶2 ”(<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>)基因的啮齿类和非人灵长类。这个酶为脑内合成五羟色胺(5-HT) 所必需。其突变后动物脑内不能合成五羟色胺。这种突变动物有助于研究和发现五羟色胺在亲和行为的作用。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等进一步制造催产素OXT及其受体OXTR基因突变的大鼠，发现剔除它们的突变大鼠幼崽降低了对自己母亲气味相对其他母性气味的偏好。结合病毒遗传学、化学遗传学、药理学方法和钙成像以及行为分析，刘琰等发现给予OXT可以挽救缺失Tph2基因幼崽的母亲偏好。抑制中缝核(RN)的五羟色胺神经元导致幼崽缺乏母亲偏好，而这一缺陷可以通过激活室旁核(PVN)的催产素能神经元所挽救。 结果显示在亲和行为中，五羟色胺在催产素上游发挥功能。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">缺乏五羟色胺(Tph2基因敲除)的小鼠幼崽缺乏亲母行为<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2011年，刘琰等在《自然》发表的论文，报道五羟色胺参与成年雄性小鼠的性偏好。2013年，张莎莎和刘琰等在《美国科学院院刊》报道五羟色胺参与成年雌性小鼠的性偏好。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在研究过程中，他们意识到五羟色胺还参与多个其他的社会行为。从多个行为中，刘琰等挑选“亲母行为”进一步的详尽研究，因为它是哺乳动物出生后的第一个社会行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在亲母行为的研究中，刘琰等使用的小鼠幼崽的母亲都具有<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>基因型。而得到的幼崽有三种基因型(<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/+<\/sup>,Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/- <\/sup>or Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>)，分别为野生型、杂合突变型、纯合突变型。通过高液相色谱检测它们的脑中的分子含量，可见分别含有正常量的五羟色胺、减量的五羟色胺、缺乏五羟色胺，而其他神经递质(例如多巴胺)含量在三种基因型的小鼠脑内没有显著差别。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091612.png\" title=\"202303091612.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101659.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等对幼崽进行超声检测后发现，在室温情况下，当幼崽与母亲分离后，会发出特定超声，这些超声被以前的科学家证明可以吸引母亲，求她们回来照顾幼崽。缺乏五羟色胺的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>基因型小鼠幼崽发出的这类超声波少于其他两种基因型的小鼠幼崽。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091831.png\" title=\"202303091831.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101749.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">因为母亲的体温高于室温，所以把母亲与幼崽分开后，幼崽可以感受温度的降低。为了排除温度的影响，刘琰等把小鼠放在类似母亲体温(35℃)的环境中，再分离母子，三种基因型的幼崽发放超声都降低，说明温度确实是一个因素。但仍然观察到母亲分离引起的超声发放在缺乏五羟色胺的幼崽少于其他幼崽，说明五羟色胺参与分离母亲引起的超声发放。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">小鼠幼崽偏好自己母亲的气味。如果提供两种垫料,一种有母亲的气味、一种没有小鼠气味的干净垫料，正常幼崽偏好含母亲气味的垫料。如果一种垫料有母亲的气味，一种垫料有其他雌性的气味，正常幼崽偏好有自己母亲气味的垫料。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091536.png\" title=\"202303091536.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101806.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">有五羟色胺的小鼠幼崽偏好母亲，而缺乏五羟色胺的小鼠幼崽对母亲的偏好显著降低。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这些行为偏好的缺陷，是否因为嗅觉缺陷所间接导致？刘琰等检测了小鼠幼崽对狐狸尿和薄荷的嗅觉。缺乏五羟色胺的小鼠幼崽与有五羟色胺的小鼠幼崽一样避开狐狸尿和薄荷气味。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091795.png\" title=\"202303091795.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101824.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这些结果说明脑内五羟色胺不参与一般嗅觉(薄荷)或社会嗅觉(狐狸尿)。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">因此，实验结果支持脑内五羟色胺参与小鼠幼崽的亲母行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">缺乏五羟色胺的大鼠幼崽有亲母行为缺陷<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">大鼠曾很长时间是神经生物学研究的常用动物。但因为1980年代发明的基因剔除技术很方便用于小鼠，而后来才能用于大鼠，使得神经生物学用小鼠更多、用大鼠更少。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">CRISPR-CAS9基因修饰方法的诞生使得在包括大鼠在内的多种动植物的基因操纵都更容易。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等用CRISPR\/CAS9制造了剔除<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>基因的大鼠突变种(<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>大鼠)。这种突变种的脑内五羟色胺也确实下降(而其他神经递质如多巴胺的水平不下降)。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091346.png\" title=\"202303091346.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101849.png\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">与小鼠幼崽一样，大鼠幼崽被剥夺母亲后，也会发出超声。而与小鼠幼崽稍有不同的是，剥夺母亲后，再加回母亲后再次剥夺，大鼠幼崽第二次超声会更厉害，这种第二次剥夺导致的超声大于第一次剥夺的现象被称为“母亲增强作用”。这种现象在小鼠不是非常可靠，而在大鼠幼崽更可靠。这是用大鼠研究神经生物学的一个例子。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">脑内含五羟色胺(<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>和基因型的)大鼠幼崽，不仅有第一次剥夺的超声发放，而且有母亲增强效应。而缺乏五羟色胺的大鼠幼崽，不仅第一次剥夺后超声发放减少，而且缺乏母亲增强效应。含五羟色胺，但含量低于正常(<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>基因型的)大鼠幼崽，表型居于正常和缺乏五羟色胺的大鼠幼崽之间，说明有剂量效应。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303099711.png\" title=\"202303099711.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101911.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等验证缺乏五羟色胺的大鼠幼崽仍然能够发超声，因为温度提高到56℃ 或降低到4℃ 的时候，它们与含五羟色胺的大鼠幼崽一样发超声。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等用含气味的垫料做偏好实验时，含五羟色胺的大鼠幼崽在母亲和干净垫料之间偏好母亲、在自己的母亲和其他雌性之间偏好自己的母亲。而缺乏五羟色胺的基因突变大鼠幼崽失去这些对自己母亲的偏好。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303093375.png\" title=\"202303093375.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101926.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">与小鼠幼崽一样，缺乏五羟色胺的大鼠幼崽没有嗅觉降低问题：同样避免狐狸尿和薄荷、喜欢牛奶。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">以上实验说明小鼠和大鼠幼崽的亲母行为都需要有五羟色胺。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">药理实验说明五羟色胺在出生后大鼠幼崽中发挥作用影响亲母行为<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/span><\/em><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">的小鼠和大鼠幼崽都是在胚胎期开始就缺乏脑内五羟色胺。所以需要区分五羟色胺是在胚胎期起作用而后间接影响幼崽的行为，还是直接在幼崽脑内影响幼崽的亲母行为。刘琰等给正常幼崽注射药物p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) ，它可以抑制五羟色胺的合成，每千克体重注射200毫克的pCPA就可以在24小时内就可以几乎耗竭<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/-<\/sup><\/em>大鼠幼崽脑内五羟色胺，而不影响其他神经递质如多巴胺的含量。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091231.png\" title=\"202303091231.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309101950.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">高压液相色谱分析显示，每千克体重注射200毫克的pCPA就可以在24小时内就可以让<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>大鼠幼崽脑内五羟色胺降低到其正常含量的31%，每千克体重注射600毫克的pCPA可以让<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">+\/+<\/sup><\/em>大鼠幼崽脑内五羟色胺降低到其正常含量的5%。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">幼崽超声发送与脑内五羟色胺含量呈正相关。幼崽偏好母亲垫料也与脑内五羟色胺含量呈正相关。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303097118.png\" title=\"202303097118.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102004.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为了进一步检测是否幼崽脑内的五羟色胺与行为有关，刘琰等给大鼠幼崽注射5-HTP，这是五羟色胺合成的前体分子，注射它可以绕过<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>合成酶而提高<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>基因突变鼠脑内五羟色胺含量。在注射5-HTP后，<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>基因突变大鼠幼崽的亲母行为确实得到挽救。<br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303094840.png\" title=\"202303094840.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102021.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">pCPA和5-HTP的两类药理学实验都支持五羟色胺在幼崽脑内参与亲母行为，而不是因为胚胎中的作用间接影响亲母行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">缺乏五羟色胺的基因突变婴猴有亲母行为的缺陷<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">一个分子只影响啮齿类行为，不能知道它是否影响灵长类。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等与北京大学工学院的席建忠、昆明理工大学的陈永昌、牛昱宇等合作，用TALEN方法敲除了恒河猴的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>基因。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303098881.png\" title=\"202303098881.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102041.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">用高压液相色谱检测猴脑脊液的五羟色胺代谢产物(HIAA) ，确定它的含量降低，而多巴胺的含量没有降低。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091345.png\" title=\"202303091345.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102056.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">从80个移植中，得到9只<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>基因敲除的（<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>）猴。它们由自己的母亲带大，其体重、运动与<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>基因未敲除的猴无显著差异。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">录像记录是普遍应用的分析婴猴亲母行为的方法。为了避免母亲行为干扰影响婴猴行为，刘琰等设计了去除母亲影响的两个实验。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">第一个实验室是短暂麻醉母亲后，把婴猴放进麻醉母亲的笼中，观察婴猴与母亲接触的时间。含五羟色胺的婴猴与麻醉母亲的接触时间远长于缺乏五羟色胺的婴猴。从婴猴进笼到接触母亲的潜伏期也是正常婴猴短于缺乏五羟色胺的婴猴。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091133.png\" title=\"202303091133.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102110.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2px;\">第二个实验是让母亲和婴猴放在相邻的两个笼子里面，用栅栏相隔。正常婴猴走向母亲一侧的潜伏期短于缺乏五羟色胺的婴猴。正常婴猴在母亲一侧的时间长于缺乏五羟色胺的婴猴。<\/span><br\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303093812.png\" title=\"202303093812.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102123.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等还做了其他实验。例如，如果给婴猴看两张图片，一张是其母亲、一张是其他母亲，正常婴猴偏好自己母亲，而缺乏五羟色胺的婴猴不显示对自己母亲的偏好。但是如果给苹果和石头的图片，缺乏五羟色胺的婴猴与正常婴猴一样都偏好苹果。如果给一张新脸孔与一张旧脸孔图片，缺乏五羟色胺的婴猴与正常婴猴一样都偏好新脸孔。所以，缺乏五羟色胺可以影响对母亲的偏好，但同时没有迹象表明视觉受了影响、也不是记忆力的问题。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303094088.png\" title=\"202303094088.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102140.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">进一步的药理实验，用pCPA可以在正常猴导致五羟色胺降低，也出现亲母行为减少。而给<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>婴猴注射5-HTP，可以挽救其亲母行为的缺陷。这些实验结果支持五羟色胺是在婴猴脑中参与亲母行为，而不支持五羟色胺是在胚胎期间影响猴而间接影响出生后婴猴的亲母行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303095209.png\" title=\"202303095209.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102200.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这些结果表明，从小鼠、大鼠到猴，五羟色胺都参与亲母行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">母亲气味激活五羟色胺能神经元和催产素能神经元<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等把光导纤维插入小鼠脑内，并用病毒介导表达钙离子(Ca<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2+<\/sup>)敏感的蛋白质，通过特异控制元件指导其特异表达在中缝核(RN) 的五羟色胺能神经元(使用五羟色胺作为神经递质的神经元)。 他们因此可以通过钙离子浓度变化推测神经元的激活情况。他们发现，在给幼崽含母亲气味的垫料时，中缝核的五羟色胺能神经元被激活。而干净的垫料不激活、其他母亲气味的垫料引起的激活显著低于自己母亲气味垫料引起的激活。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091856.png\" title=\"202303091856.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102225.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">用c-fos基因表达作为神经元激活的指示时，也可以观察到母亲气味激活中缝核五羟色胺能神经元。用c-fos方法还可以看到母亲气味激活室旁核的催产素能神经元。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091878.png\" title=\"202303091878.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102240.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">缺乏催产素或催产素受体的大鼠幼崽有母亲偏好的缺陷、但无超声的缺陷<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">以前只有小鼠的催产素和催产素受体基因缺陷突变种，而其作用有争议。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等制造了大鼠的催产素和催产素基因剔除突变种。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303098499.png\" title=\"202303098499.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102302.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">催产素基因剔除的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">OXT<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>大鼠幼崽与没有剔除的幼崽在母亲分离诱导的超声发放检测方面没有差别。催产素受体基因剔除也不影响这一检测结果。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091278.png\" title=\"202303091278.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102320.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在检测大鼠幼崽对母亲和干净垫料的偏好时，催产素和催产素受体的基因突变都没有影响。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">但是，在检测大鼠幼崽对母亲和其他雌性垫料的偏好时，催产素和催产素受体都起显著作用。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091330.png\" title=\"202303091330.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102333.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这些结果表明，催产素和催产素受体参与亲母行为中的部分成分。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">催产素和催产素受体不影响大鼠幼崽回避薄荷的行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">亲母行为中五羟色胺在催产素上游起作用<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">分析突变动物显示，<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup>, OXT<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup>and OXTR<\/em><sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/em> <\/sup>大鼠幼崽有一个共同的变化: 影响对母亲和其他雌性气味的偏好。刘琰等进一步研究五羟色胺与催产素是否有关。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">催产素是一种短肽，含有九个氨基酸。前人的研究表明它可以通过喷鼻而进入脑内。刘琰等给催产素基因剔除的大鼠幼崽喷鼻催产素，结果可以挽救催产素基因剔除大鼠幼崽的母亲气味偏好缺陷。而用另外一个九肽（加压素）没有这一作用。这两个九肽氨基酸序列很近，而作用不同显示了催产素在这一行为的特异性。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">有趣的是，在缺乏五羟色胺的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">-\/-<\/sup><\/em>基因剔除大鼠幼崽，催产素喷鼻也能使它们能够恢复对母亲气味的偏好。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091307.png\" title=\"202303091307.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102354.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">以上实验结果提示催产素在五羟色胺的下游起作用。而给催产素基因剔除的大鼠幼崽注射五羟色胺合成前体5-HTP不能挽救其对母亲气味偏好的缺陷，进一步证明五羟色胺在催产素的上游调控幼崽对自己母亲的偏好行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">催产素喷鼻不能挽救缺乏五羟色胺后大鼠幼崽在母亲诱导的超声发生缺陷，说明五羟色胺下游还有除外催产素的分子。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在用pCPA药理降低婴猴脑内的五羟色胺后，通过喷鼻给予催产素，可以挽救其与母亲待在一起的时间。说明从鼠到后，五羟色胺都在催产素上游发挥调控亲母行为的功能。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303097679.png\" title=\"202303097679.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102408.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">化学遗传学抑制背侧中缝核五羟色胺能神经元可以导致亲母行为缺陷<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等用化学遗传学方法，将设计的受体基因 (DREADDS) 引入小鼠脑内特定神经元。然后给化学分子，通过不同的DREADDS，或抑制神经元、或激活神经元。通过病毒引入特定基因后，先验证所编码蛋白质的表达，再电生理记录验证确实能够抑制或兴奋特定神经元，最后检测行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等抑制背侧中缝核的五羟色胺能神经元，发现小鼠幼崽因此出现亲母行为的缺陷。他们做了很多对照实验，排除是注射、病毒本身、药物本身等多种其他因素，确定不是其他原因而是因为抑制背侧中缝核的五羟色胺能神经元导致亲母行为缺陷。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303096706.png\" title=\"202303096706.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102425.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">五羟色胺能神经元在背侧和腹侧中缝核都有，而且它们这两群都投射到室旁核。刘琰等通过实验区分了这两群，发现背侧中缝核参与亲母行为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">投射到室旁核的中缝核五羟色胺能神经元在亲母行为中的作用<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">已知中缝核投射到室旁核。刘琰等进行一系列实验，研究投射到室旁核的中缝核五羟色胺能神经元的作用。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等首先去除来自中缝核五羟色胺能神经细胞中的五羟色胺，在行为实验前，将表达Cre酶的病毒注射到<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2-floxp<\/em>基因敲入小鼠幼崽的中缝核。这样可以条件敲除<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>基因：只有中缝核的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>基因被敲除，不产生五羟色胺。结果是亲母行为缺陷。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091055.png\" title=\"202303091055.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102449.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">更为巧妙的是，刘琰等把表达Cre酶的病毒注射到<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2-floxp<\/em>基因敲入小鼠幼崽的室旁核(PVN)，这样，只有投射到室旁核的、来自中缝核的五羟色胺能神经元的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Tph2<\/em>基因会被敲除。这时，小鼠幼崽也失去亲母行为。说明从中缝核投射到室旁核的五羟色胺能神经元中的五羟色胺对于亲母行为很重要。<br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091245.png\" title=\"202303091245.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102505.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等用化学遗传学抑制室旁核的催产素能神经元，导致小鼠幼崽亲母行为缺陷。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303095394.png\" title=\"202303095394.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102610.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">催产素能神经元在五羟色胺能神经元下游参与亲母行为的母亲偏好成分<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等通过可以跨一个突触的病毒，证明室旁核的催产素能神经元直接接受中缝核来的五羟色胺能神经元的投射。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091997.png\" title=\"202303091997.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102537.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">之后，他们通过实验证明这一投射的功能意义。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">化学遗传学抑制室旁核的催产素能神经元活动后，小鼠幼崽缺乏母亲偏好。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091339.png\" title=\"202303091339.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102631.png\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">抑制中缝核五羟色胺能神经元导致的母亲偏好缺陷，可以通过激活室旁核催产素神经元而得救。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091721.png\" title=\"202303091721.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102649.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">而抑制催产素能神经元导致的同样缺陷，不能通过激活中缝核五羟色胺能神经元得到挽救。说明催产素能神经元在五羟色胺能神经元下游发挥作用。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091926.png\" title=\"202303091926.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102703.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">五羟色胺通过不同的受体，可以是激活、也可以是抑制下游神经元。刘琰等文章证明五羟色胺能够激活催产素能神经元。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303095897.png\" title=\"202303095897.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102725.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">光遗传学激活室旁核的五羟色胺能神经元末梢，也能够激活催产素能神经元。说明中缝核投射到室旁核的五羟色胺能神经末梢是激活室旁核催产素能神经元。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这些结果综合起来，说明中缝核的五羟色胺能神经元，投射神经末梢至室旁核，通过五羟色胺激活催产素能神经元，参与调控亲母行为的母亲偏好成分。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">亲母行为是哺乳动物普遍存在的第一个社会行为。刘琰等通过多种动物的遗传和分子生物学操纵，证明五羟色胺对于亲母行为起着高度保守的重要功能。这些结果提示，但尚未证明，很可能五羟色胺对于人类婴儿的亲母行为也很重要。刘琰等的论文，是人类第一次同时报道小鼠、大鼠和猴的同一个基因的功能。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等的研究还综合了遗传学、分子生物学、药理学、电生理、光学成像、免疫组化、光遗传学、化学遗传学、神经生物学、行为学等多学科研究途径。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰等的研究设计，经常是用较多的对照实验，严谨地对于一点、一点的结果进行反复验证。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这篇论文提出一个可能性，已经有很多实验证明催产素和加压素等神经肽在社会行为起重要作用，而饶毅实验室从2011年发表其第一篇有关哺乳动物中五羟色胺在性偏好的作用文章后，还发现五羟色胺对哺乳动物的多种社会行为很重要。在2023年这篇论文中，饶毅提出五羟色胺可能是哺乳动物的社会性神经肽上游的关键调控分子，分别通过多个下游分子，包括催产素和加压素，调控多个不同的社会行为、或同一社会行为的不同成分。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230309\/202303091535.png\" title=\"202303091535.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230309102747.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">相关信息<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">该论文发表在2023年3月2日上线的<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《神经元》<\/strong>杂志，题目是<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“第一个社会行为‘亲母’的分子和细胞机理：五羟色胺从鼠到猴起保守作用，其下游控制催产素”<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">刘琰<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为第一和通讯作者，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">饶毅<\/strong>为通讯作者。<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">其他作者为：<\/strong>单梁、刘田娥、李娟、孙常宏、卞希玲、席建忠、杨超娟、张晨、陈永昌、牛昱宇。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（科普版的图片来自论文的主图和附图混合使用）<\/span><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">原文地址<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/neuron\/fulltext\/S0896-6273(23)00114-9\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">https:\/\/www.cell.com\/neuron\/fulltext\/S0896-6273(23)00114-9<\/span><\/a><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">实验室介绍<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">饶毅<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京大学讲席教授<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京大学IDG麦戈文脑科学研究所所长<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主任<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">研究兴趣<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">饶毅实验室用分子生物学、遗传学、生物化学、生物物理学、化学的途径研究神经生物学问题。研究模式生物包括果蝇、小鼠、大鼠和人。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-03-09","description":"哺乳动物的第一个社会行为是亲母行为(maternal affiliation、maternal attachment)。通过研究多种动物（特别是包括猴在内）的亲母行为，揭示分子和细胞机理、特别是在多种动物中显示保守的机理，有助于理解人类的行为。与其他社会行为、其他行为一样，亲母虽然是天经地义、却不是轻而易举，而是需要特定的分子、特定的神经细"},{"id":"296","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Science｜李莹实验室为理解大脑如何编码社会经验并影响本能行为抉择提供了新见解","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230210\/1675993992366113.jpg","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">大脑无疑是身体中最复杂的器官，它能够将各种感觉信息转换为不同的神经信号进而调控运动。这种感觉-运动转换与个体的内部状态密切相关，并受过往经验调节。已有研究表明，社会经验，尤其是性经验，可以引起社会行为相关神经回路的长期改变，并影响社会信息区分、交配、打斗和照顾幼崽等本能行为<sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[1-4]<\/span><\/sup>。然而，关于哪些神经环路编码性经验并影响本能行为抉择并不清楚。在小鼠中，雄性和雌性动物成功交配后通常会失去交配兴趣，即达到<strong>性饱足状态<\/strong><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[5]<\/span><\/sup>。这种内部状态的改变不仅可以避免寻找新伴侣所面临的风险和精力浪费，对提高子代繁殖率也至关重要<sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[6]<\/span><\/sup>。然而关于两性大脑中是否存在特异的神经环路编码性饱足状态，以及该编码如何长期影响个体行为抉择并不清楚。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302101608.jpg\" title=\"202302101608.jpg\" alt=\"封面.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2023年2月10日，<strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究中心李莹实验室<\/strong>在<em><strong>Science<\/strong><\/em>发表题为Hyperexcited limbic neurons represent sexual satiety and reduce mating motivation的研究长文，系统研究了这些问题。<strong>该研究首次在小鼠大脑边缘系统的终纹床核中发现可以持续编码过往性经验的神经环路，阐明性经验如何影响两性动物的交配动机，为理解大脑如何编码动机状态并影响本能行为抉择这一重要科学问题提供了新见解。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在针对啮齿类动物的研究中，正常雄性小鼠遇到雌鼠会立即展开嗅探，并在几分钟内开始试图爬跨。如果该雌鼠正处于发情期，她会表现出典型的接受行为（如脊柱前凸），否则会通过坐下或逃离拒绝雄性。成功交配后，雄性和雌性通常会失去交配兴趣，即进入性饱足期<sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"> [7-8]<\/span><\/sup>。对于有不同经历或处于不同状态的个体，性饱足期可能持续数个小时到数天。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em><strong>BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元在两性动物交配完成后被选择性激活<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">那么，什么是导致小鼠性饱足的关键因素？研究人员设计雌雄小鼠经历多次插入但在射精前与伴侣分开（没有经历射精）的对照组，发现对照组没有表现出性饱足，这表明射精是驱动两性性饱足状态的关键事件<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图1）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302104904.png\" title=\"202302104904.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095507.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\">图1. 射精是导致两性动物进入性饱足状态的关键事件<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为研究两性小鼠性饱足状态的神经机制，研究人员通过查阅文献发现，在大鼠和长尾鼠中，射精诱导的Fos蛋白表达，存在于犁鼻通路的多个脑区，包括终纹床核（BNST）、中央杏仁核（MeA）和内侧束旁丘脑核（mSPF），但不包括内侧视前区（mPOA）<sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[9-10]<\/span><\/sup>。使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）方法，研究人员发现完成射精的雄鼠与只经历了3-5次插入但没有射精的雄鼠相比，BNST中Fos+神经元数量变化最大。因此，研究人员聚焦在BNST脑区进行深入研究。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">过往单核细胞测序（RNA-seq）实验表明，<strong>BNST中包含两类具有性别二态性的神经元亚群：BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>和BNST<sup>St18<\/sup><\/strong>。通过在自由运动的小鼠中进行钙成像发现，大量BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup> 神经元（>50%）在雄性动物射精以及雌性动物感受到射精时均被强烈激活，而在交配的其他阶段没有明显反应。相反，该区域中另一群表达St18的神经元（BNST<sup>St18<\/sup>）主要在社交嗅探和其他交配过程中被激活，在射精时没有明显反应 <span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图2）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302102014.png\" title=\"202302102014.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095536.png\"\/><\/p><section><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图2. 射精选择性激活两性BNSTpr中表达Esr2的神经元<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">(A) 部分射精时被激活的BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元，在射精结束后仍被持久激活。(B) BNST<sup>St18<\/sup>神经元在两性中都在射精以外的交配行为中选择性激活。<\/span><\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><section><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em><strong>过度兴奋的BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元持续编码两性动物的性饱足状态<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">雌雄分离后，射精激活的BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元反应显著降低，但有一部分神经元在射精结束后30分钟仍保持较强的自发活动，提示这部分神经元可能编码持续性饱足状态。为了进一步检查BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元活动是否编码性饱足状态,研究人员将只进行过社会接触、交配但没有性饱足的雄鼠，与交配后达到性饱足的雄鼠独处时的自发放电作比较，发现只有达到性饱足的雄鼠表现出更大幅度和更高频的自发Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>活动，并且这种现象可以在整个性饱足期持续数天<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图3）<\/span>。当雄鼠恢复交配能力后，自发Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>活动就会恢复到基线水平，并在再次交配且达到性饱足后重新升高。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302102132.png\" title=\"202302102132.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095603.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\">图3. BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元活动编码两性动物性饱足状态<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">与雄鼠一致，雌鼠在交配后24小时BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元的自发Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>活动也会明显增加，并与是否受孕成功无关。这种增加通常持续整个假孕期、怀孕期和哺乳期，在交配行为恢复后降低到基线水平。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em><strong>激活雄鼠BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元抑制交配动机<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究人员在Esr2-Cre小鼠双侧的BNST中表达抑制性化学遗传病毒hM4Di，并在达到性饱足状态的雄鼠腹膜内注射氯氮平-N-氧化物（CNO）来抑制BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元活动。实验发现，七分之六的雄鼠可以在30分钟内恢复其交配行为并成功射精。同样的操作在刚完成交配处于性饱足期的雌鼠中也可以显著恢复其性接受能力<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图4）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302108816.png\" title=\"202302108816.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095631.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\">图4. 化学遗传抑制BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元活动可以恢复处于性饱足状态的小鼠性行为<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为了进一步区分BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元是可以抑制交配行为还是交配动机，在雄鼠中，研究人员表达了具有超高光敏感性的视蛋白（SOUL），并在不同的交配阶段进行了经颅光学刺激非侵入性地激活BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元。实验发现在嗅探阶段而不是交配开始以后激活BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元可以抑制正常雄性小鼠交配起始，这些发现进一步表明BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元在抑制交配动机而不是交配动作方面发挥了重要的作用<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图5）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302101385.png\" title=\"202302101385.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095755.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\">图5. 在早期嗅探期间激活BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元抑制雄性小鼠交配动机<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em><strong>BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元中HCN离子通道表达上升参与调节雄性小鼠性饱足状态<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">为了解BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经活动持续变化的机制，研究人员使用全细胞膜片钳方法，分别在无性经验、性饱足和交配能力恢复的两性小鼠中，记录了BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元的电生理特性。在雄性和雌性小鼠中，与无性经验和交配能力恢复的小鼠相比，性饱足（交配后36-48小时）小鼠具有更多BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元表现出更高兴奋性。尽管输入电阻和膜电容相当，但在性饱足的BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元中，静息膜电位 (RMP) 最高，而rheobases（引发全或无放电所需的最负阶跃电流）最低，提示较小的去极化即可激发动作电位。这种变化在行为恢复的小鼠中大部分恢复，进一步证明了过度兴奋的BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元在编码性饱足状态中的作用<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图6）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302101502.png\" title=\"202302101502.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095824.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">图6. 处于不同状态下BNST<\/span><sup style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); text-align: justify;\">Esr2<\/sup><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">神经元的Sag电压变化<\/span><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">对已有的BNST单细胞测序结果进行分析，研究人员发现BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元中注入负电流显示去极化“下垂”电压，主要由超极化激活的环核苷酸门控 (HCN) 阳离子通道介导。有趣的是，在雄性小鼠中，性饱足小鼠这种“下垂”电压的大小与无性经验或性恢复小鼠的BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元相比显著更大，而该现象在雌性小鼠中并不显著。系统重新分析BNST中已发布的snRNA-seq数据集<sup><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[11]<\/span><\/sup>，研究人员发现HCN1而不是其他亚基在BNSTp中的Esr2+神经元中相对于其他细胞高度富集。此外，通过FISH方法，研究人员在雄性小鼠的BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元中观察到大量HCN1<sup>+<\/sup>Esr2<sup>+<\/sup>神经元。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">使用CRISPR\/Cas9技术在BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元选择性敲除Hcn1基因，研究人员发现雄性小鼠表现出明显的性饱足状态缺失<span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图7）<\/span>。为了进一步测试HCN通道在调节性饱足感中的作用，研究人员在性饱足小鼠颅内两侧BNST给予ZD-7288（HCN抑制剂）或人工脑脊液（载体对照），约1小时后显著恢复了5\/6的雄性典型性行为。这些结果表明，在雄性小鼠射精后，HCN通道的激活对于维持性饱足状态是必要的。<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302109899.png\" title=\"202302109899.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095847.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图7. CRISPR\/Cas9介导BNSTpr<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元中HCN1敲除后，雄性小鼠能够持续交配<br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">综上所述，该工作在揭示性经验如何引起的大脑内部状态改变这一重要科学问题方面取得了重要突破。这项研究帮助我们理解短暂经验在大脑中持久表征的神经机制，以及这种表征如何长期影响动物行为。此外，该工作还发现短暂性经验可以引起神经元中的离子通道表达的变化，为我们理解性经验如何引起大脑持久改变提供了一个全新的角度<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"> <span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（图8）<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302101590.png\" title=\"202302101590.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210095912.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\">图8. BNST<sup>Esr2<\/sup>神经元参与调控交配动机的机制解释<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">该研究工作由<strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究中心李莹实验室<\/strong>完成。北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<strong>自招博士后周小娟、博士研究生李昂、技术员弭雪<\/strong>为该研究论文的共同第一作者，<strong>研究员李莹<\/strong>为通讯作者。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302106748.png\" title=\"202302106748.png\" alt=\"微信截图_20230210095947.png\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究工作受到以下基金的支持：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1.6px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">STI2030–重大项目2021ZD0203900 (Y.L.)<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">欧洲人类前沿科学计划（HFSP） CDA00005 (Y.L.)<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">国家自然科学基金 32071012 (Y.L.)<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京市科技新星计划 Z191100001119084 (Y.L.)<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">中国博士后科学基金奖 2021M700454 (X.M.T)<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">成立于2018年3月22日，是北京市重点推进建设的新型研发机构之一，由北京市政府与中国科学院、北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学、中国医学科学院、中国中医科学院等单位联合共建，实行理事会领导下的主任负责制，饶毅和罗敏敏任联合主任，建立协同创新、科学高效的运行机制，结合北京“全国科技创新中心”的战略定位，重点围绕脑认知基本原理解析、认知障碍相关重大疾病、类脑与脑机接口、共性技术平台和资源库建设等方面开展攻关，实现前沿技术突破，产出一批重大原始创新成果，成为国际一流的脑科学与类脑研究研发机构。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">李莹实验室正在招收具有神经生物学、计算机科学、生物学相关背景，对神经生物学感兴趣的学生、技术员、博士后和助理研究员，有意者请将申请材料（个人简历和相关材料）发送至：李老师（liying@cibr.ac.cn），邮件标题请标明：应聘职位+姓名。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230210\/202302108835.jpg\" title=\"202302108835.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230210100015.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">了解更多：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU3NjY3MDQ5NA==&mid=2247488676&idx=1&sn=380d102622ebb661c029c0c0657c4df2&chksm=fd110ad5ca6683c33f0438d8fb69bf50c8f9d32448674e57a37cb71657527876fceac0193a48&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">李莹：坚持初心与坚持本身<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU3NjY3MDQ5NA==&mid=2247488109&idx=1&sn=4fb34add76c3d153bfb28a60b1bd5313&chksm=fd110c1cca66850a6309505e99a1aa5705367061468256e1c00325c3e0e63b2a7ee5d5503036&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">立足前沿 探秘人类脑神经“密码”<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">原文地址<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abl4038\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abl4038<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">参考文献<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[1] Y. Li et al., <em>Cell <\/em>171, 1176-1190.e1117 (2017).<br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[2] D. J. Anderson <em>Nat. rev. Neurosci. <\/em>17, 692 (2016).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[3] P. Chen, W. Hong, <em>Neuron <\/em>98, 16 (2018).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[4] D. Wei, V. Talwar, D. Lin, <em>Neuron <\/em>109, 1600 (2021).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[5] E. M. Hull, R. I. Wood, K. E. McKenna, in Neurobiology of Male Sexual Behavior, D. N. Jimmy Ed. (Academic Press, 2006), chap. 33.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[6] B. V. Phillips-Farfán, A. Fernández-Guasti, <em>Neurosci. biobehav. rev.<\/em> 33, 442 (2009).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[7] T. E. McGill, <em>J. gen. psychol.<\/em> 103, 53-57 (1963).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[8] T. E. McGill, R. C. Coughlin,<em> J. reprod. fertil.<\/em> 21, 215-220 (1970).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[9] L. M. Coolen, H. J. Peters, J. G. Veening,<em> Brain research<\/em> 738, 67-82 (1996).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[10] M. M. Heeb, P. Yahr, <em>Neuroscience <\/em>72, 1049-1071 (1996).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">[11] D. W. Bayless et al., <em>Cell <\/em>176, 1190-1205.e1120 (2019).<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">转载请注明来源：“北京脑”微信公众号。<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">采访请联系chengli@cibr.ac.cn<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-02-13","description":"大脑无疑是身体中最复杂的器官，它能够将各种感觉信息转换为不同的神经信号进而调控运动。这种感觉-运动转换与个体的内部状态密切相关，并受过往经验调节。已有研究表明，社会经验，尤其是性经验，可以引起社会行为相关神经回路的长期改变，并影响社会信息区分、交配、打斗和照顾幼崽等本能行为[1-4]。然而，关于哪些神经环"},{"id":"292","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑中心博士后科研工作站2023年春季招聘启事","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230201\/1675230098592679.jpg","content":"<p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">中心简介<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（以下简称“中心”）成立于2018年3月22日，是北京市重点推进建设的新型研发机构之一，由北京市政府与中国科学院、北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学、中国医学科学院、中国中医科学院等单位联合共建，实行理事会领导下的主任负责制，建立协同创新、科学高效的运行机制，结合北京“全国科技创新中心”的战略定位，重点围绕脑认知基本原理解析、认知障碍相关重大疾病、类脑与脑机接口、共性技术平台和资源库建设等方面开展攻关，实现前沿技术突破，产出一批重大原始创新成果，成为国际一流的脑科学与类脑研究研发机构。<br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2018年10月，经人力资源与社会保障部和全国博士后管理委员会批准，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心正式设立博士后科研工作站，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2019年至今共招收60余名博士后，招收的博士后均为国内、外一流高校毕业博士生（其中含4名外籍）。<\/strong>2020年4月，中心结合自身实际，探索建立“自招博士后”机制，参照国家招收入站博士后条件和要求，按照博士后培养形式进行人才培养。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2021年10月，中心博士后科研工作站获批独立招收博士后研究人员资格。<span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2023年春季，中心23个实验室拟招收39个博士后职位<\/strong><\/span>，热忱欢迎优秀的国内外博士生们来中心博士后科研工作站工作。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">博士后招收条件<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（一）进站博士后招收条件<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">1. 博士后申请人应具有在国内外知名大学获得的博士学位和学历，品学兼优、身心健康、年龄不超过35周岁；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2. 获得博士学位不超过3年；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3. 攻读博士学位期间以第一作者在SCI收录期刊发表论著；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">4. 能够保证在站期间全职从事博士后研究工作；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">5. 申请人的进站研究计划需与合作导师的科研课题或研究相关。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（二）自招博士后招收条件<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">应具有博士学位，有良好的科研能力训练，能够保证在职期间全职全时从事博士后研究工作。中心鼓励招收在国外高校获得博士学位的留学回国人员或外籍人员从事博士后研究工作。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">福利待遇<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">1. 提供具有国内外竞争力的薪资待遇（具体情况视个人研究背景和经历、科研能力和合作导师的具体评价确定）。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2. 按工资全额缴纳社会保险和住房公积金。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3. 为符合条件的博士后提供住房补贴。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">4. 提供“补充医疗保险”、公费体检、带薪休假、餐补等。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">5. 按照国家相关政策为博士后本人办理北京市户口（自招博士后参照中心工作人员要求执行）。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">6. 符合条件的博士后可竞争性申报国家“博新计划”、国际交流计划引进项目等（自招博士后除外）。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">7. 协助解决博士后子女入学、入托工作（自招博士后参照中心工作人员标准）。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">8. 博士后期满出站后优先录用，录用后按照国家政策为博士后及随迁人员协助办理北京市常住户口（自招博士后除外）。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">报名要求<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">1. 报名方式。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">请登录北京脑中心博士后报名网站 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.education.cibr.ac.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">www.education.cibr.ac.cn<\/strong><\/a>，请用Fire Fox或Google Chrome浏览器)，填写个人信息，个人陈述中应重点阐明博士期间所从事的科学研究和取得的成果、个人兴趣点和拟从事的研究方向。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2. 专家推荐信。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">请在系统中下载专家推荐信模板，请推荐专家按照格式撰写后签字扫描，将电子版以<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“申请人姓名-博士后申请-推荐专家姓名”<\/strong>为主题发送到指定邮箱<span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">lixia@cibr.ac.cn<\/strong><\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">联系方式<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">对中心PI研究方向感兴趣的申请人请将应聘邮件发送给各PI。<span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（具体联系方式见附件）<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">·博士后政策咨询联系人：李老师<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">·联系电话：010-81912669  <\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">·电子邮箱：lixia@cibr.ac.cn<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">·系统支持联系人：郝老师<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">·联系电话：13810814623<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">·联系地址：北京市昌平区中关村生命科学园医科路9号院3号楼B座123室<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑中心环境<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（一）脑中心办公环境<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011187.jpg\" title=\"202302011187.jpg\" alt=\"606081a7f73e2ae8e5c8793f9778a36.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011434.png\" title=\"202302011434.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230131163816.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011856.png\" title=\"202302011856.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20230131155317.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302016913.jpg\" title=\"202302016913.jpg\" alt=\"dbf61ef9ace35704844f9036266369d.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011850.jpg\" title=\"202302011850.jpg\" alt=\"3b4dac662e17f25c36837fdad278578.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（二）脑中心博士后工作日常<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302012082.jpg\" title=\"202302012082.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230131145449.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011622.jpg\" title=\"202302011622.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201131828.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011355.jpg\" title=\"202302011355.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201131852.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（三）脑中心博士后学术交流<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302012255.jpg\" title=\"202302012255.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201131928.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302015607.jpg\" title=\"202302015607.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201131933.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011937.jpg\" title=\"202302011937.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201131936.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">前沿交叉优秀博士后论坛<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">（四）脑中心日常生活<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302011386.jpg\" title=\"202302011386.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201132026.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302019764.jpg\" title=\"202302019764.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201132035.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302013847.jpg\" title=\"202302013847.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201132053.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230201\/202302012687.jpg\" title=\"202302012687.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230201132058.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">脑中心健身房、班车、食堂<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-02-01","description":"中心简介北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称“中心”）成立于2018年3月22日，是北京市重点推进建设的新型研发机构之一，由北京市政府与中国科学院、北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学、中国医学科学院、中国中医科学院等单位联合共建，实行理事会领导下的主任负责制，建立协同创新、科学高效的运行机制，结合北京“全国科技"},{"id":"286","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"2022北京脑科学大会荣获“十佳影响力学术会议”| 回放视频全集","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20230112\/1673504306307471.jpg","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230112\/202301129408.jpg\" title=\"202301129408.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230112134734.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2023年1月10日，在北京市科学技术协会主办的2023科学跨年系列活动-首都学术专场活动上，<strong>“2022北京脑科学国际学术大会”荣获“十佳影响力学术会议”（2021-2022）<\/strong>，并作为唯一代表在大会上发言，分享大会组织经验。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20230112\/202301122061.jpg\" title=\"202301122061.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20230112134714.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京市科协举办“十佳影响力学术会议”评选以来，广大科技类社会组织和基层组织踊跃参与，一大批围绕国家创新驱动发展战略实施、聚焦国际科技创新中心建设、服务科技工作者学术成长、助力推进学科前沿发展的优秀学术会议进行了经验交流，充分发挥了典型示范作用。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“2022北京脑科学国际学术大会”由北京市科学技术协会、北京中关村生命科学园管理委员会、北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主办，中国科学院、北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学、北京神经科学学会等共同承办。自2020年以来，每两年一届。2022年第二届大会包括学术会议和创新成果会场两部分，8月13-15号学术会议于线上举办，包括1个主论坛、24场专题论坛，主题涵盖脑认知基本原理、脑疾病、类脑和脑机接口、儿童青少年脑智发育和神经科学前沿技术等当前脑科学与类脑研究的重点和热点方向，共邀请157位国内外嘉宾参会，其中国内外院士8位。8月20号到21号，神经科学基础研究前沿峰会暨“探索计划”第二期项目遴选创新论坛及神经精神诊疗转化医学峰会暨创新成果展示活动线上线下结合召开。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2022北京脑科学国际学术大会回放集录（已获得回放授权的场次）：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1. 全体大会<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1rD4y167N7\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1）Miguel Nicolelis——脑机接口：从基础科学到神经假体和神经恢复<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1eY4y1u7GP\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2）Robert Malenka——五羟色胺与社交能力<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1yY4y1K7cR\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">3）Ardem Patapoutian——触觉感知的分子受体<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1MV4y1M7e3\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">4）Timothy Denison——生物电子的授时因子：与生物节律同步的神经调控<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV11G411E7KA\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">5）Nancy Ip——阿尔茨海默病的生物学基础 - 对开发疗法的启示<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1rN4y1A7Wy\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">6）Christian Lüscher——氯胺酮的低成瘾性神经机制<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2. 分论坛<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1sW4y1J735\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">1）分论坛1：大脑发育与脑发育疾病<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1GG4y1n7wG\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2）分论坛2：脑机接口与神经调控<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1AW4y1J7Za\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">3）分论坛3：基于脑网络和器官交互的脑重大疾病机制与干预研究<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1E8411s7uc\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">4）分论坛4：粤港澳大湾区脑科学与类脑研究青年学者论坛<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1WR4y1X7FA\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=dbb6560002fb5ed6a776cb6d5c6a2bf9\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">5）分论坛5：孤独症谱系障碍——客观量化诊断<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1ve4y1v7my\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">6）分论坛9：非人灵长类脑科学前沿<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1k24y1d7UJ\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">7）分论坛10：前沿交叉优秀博士后论坛<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1gP411N7T6\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">8）分论坛11：意识的认知神经机制<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1rt4y1M7Hz\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">9）分论坛13：抑郁症的研究新进展<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1y8411Y7rR\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">10）分论坛14：脑器交互<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1S84y1z7fK\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">11）分论坛15：儿童青少年脑智发育<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1YD4y1r76j\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">12）分论坛16：前沿生物学技术与脑科学研究<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV14P411N7M4\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">13）分论坛17：基于脑影像的抑郁症精准诊疗<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1Vd4y1279a\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">14）分论坛18：神经计算<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1ht4y1F7ZB\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">15）分论坛19：中医药脑保护与脑健康<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1jg411875w\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">16）分论坛21：新一代脑启发计算芯片与系统<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1xY411f7sz\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=dbb6560002fb5ed6a776cb6d5c6a2bf9\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">17）分论坛23：觉醒睡眠<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1gW4y1E7xZ\/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">18）分论坛24：记忆和记忆障碍<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2023-01-12","description":"2023年1月10日，在北京市科学技术协会主办的2023科学跨年系列活动-首都学术专场活动上，“2022北京脑科学国际学术大会”荣获“十佳影响力学术会议”（2021-2022），并作为唯一代表在大会上发言，分享大会组织经验。北京市科协举办“十佳影响力学术会议”评选以来，广大科技类社会组织和基层组织踊跃参与，一大批围绕国家创新"},{"id":"279","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京日报：北京脑中心正走入成果涌现期","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20221226\/1672037789374810.jpg","content":"<p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221226\/202212261709.jpg\" title=\"202212261709.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221226133455.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">北京脑中心研究员周景峰（左）和同事在实验室内讨论实验数据。本报记者和冠欣摄<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">脑，是生命体最复杂、最神秘的器官。在中关村生命科学园，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心的科研人员正致力于探寻脑的奥秘。作为本市新型研发机构之一，新的运行体制、新的绩效机制、新的用人及评价体系激发出科研人员的创新活力，该中心成立仅4年多，已在脑科学基础研究领域取得一系列新成果，并正在走入科研成果的涌现期。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">一只小鼠捧起喂水器舔了一次水，与喂水器连接的器件就通过电信号直接获取信息，传输至实验室的后台系统。在北京脑中心研究员白凌的实验室里，这类小仪器在为小鼠喂食、喂水的装置旁随处可见，它们能实时记录小鼠每次喝水、进食的位置及数量，从而监测小鼠的行为模式。“这些都是我们仪器仪表中心的同事帮忙实现的，要是让我们这些学生物的人来做，一年半载也做不出来。”白凌笑道。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这类产品虽然在市场上也有销售，但价格昂贵，对“百业待兴”的初创实验室来说难以承受。北京脑中心仪器仪表中心在对接需求后，不仅用常见的设备就实现了目标，还拓展了新的功能。白凌直接请他们“量产”了几十套，“真的太好用了，帮我们节约了大量资金和人员成本”。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">仪器仪表中心、光学影像中心、转化医学中心、实验动物中心……北京脑中心建起了10个国际一流的科研辅助平台，几乎囊括了脑科学领域的最新技术，各实验室只要有需要，都可以向平台提出申请。“平台不光提供内部服务，对园区里的研发单位，北京市甚至是全国的高校、研究所，我们都毫无保留地共享资源。”北京脑中心联合主任罗敏敏说。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在脑科学领域，小鼠是最常见的实验动物之一。最近，北京脑中心研究员周景峰和团队正在尝试“看清”小鼠大脑在学习时的活动变化。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">小鼠能把特定气味与喝水建立联系，这便是学习过程的直观体现。过去由于技术限制，科研人员只能记录一个或几个特定脑区的活动。不过，周景峰团队有了新方法。在显微镜下，钙离子成了“显影剂”，结合光学影像中心开发的大视野成像技术，脑区之间的动态功能连接得以清晰呈现，让“全景式”研究成为了可能。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">临近年末，作为一个新设立一年多的实验室，周景峰却不急不躁，实验节奏有条不紊。随着实验的深入开展，相关数据正在不断积累完善。“不管最终的结果是支持还是反对我们最初的假说，我们所做的工作，都能帮助大家进一步了解学习的神经机制。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“中心一直都十分支持我们在科学上的自由探索。”周景峰说，各实验室的研究对象从线虫、果蝇到大小鼠、猴子，既有聚焦基础领域的课题，也有实验室致力于疾病研究。“平时我们在一起交流，既能启发思路，也会促进科研合作。”他期望，自己的实验室明年能够取得阶段性成果。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">5至6年，是北京脑中心为科研人员设立的考核周期。一位科研人员加入后，在考核期内将会获得长期、稳定的支持，他们不需要将精力花在申请各类项目、基金的撰写工作上，行政人员会快速帮助他们组建起实验室，开展科研工作。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">科研经费到底怎么花？罗敏敏给出了一个简单的原则：为人的创造性服务。“我们的考核不要求‘工分’，希望科研人员能更多地去做更难、更重要的工作。”罗敏敏表示，中心不对科研人员的论文发表数量作硬性要求，甚至在考核期内，只进行例行的年度考评和内部交流。在考核周期满后，中心会邀请国际相关领域的专家参与对研究人员的评议，重点考核研究方向、选题和成果是否具有国际影响力。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">首次发现D型丝氨酸对睡眠的调控作用，开发出一套基于腺相关病毒载体的脑转基因新技术，实现全脑范围单神经元完整重构……成立4年多来，该中心瞄准国际脑科学研究前沿集中开展攻关，一批原始创新成果已经出炉。“做基础研究要有耐心，最近，我们的一批新成果正在慢慢出来，值得大家期待。”罗敏敏说。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">记者手记<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">选人用人机制灵活、科研经费支持稳定、科研评价体系与国际接轨，新型研发机构探索的新型科研体制，能带来前所未有的科研活力。在采访中，多位科研人员都对记者表示，在北京脑中心做研究非常安心。他们不需要担忧实验室的经费来源，也不会被大量的行政事务淹没，各方向的科研辅助平台能够随时响应他们的技术需求。对接下来的科研进展，他们都信心满满。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">近年来，本市持续推动高水平新型研发机构建设，并建立起新的运行体制、新的财政支持政策、新的绩效评价机制、新的知识产权激励和新的固定资产管理方式“五新”机制。北京量子信息科学研究院、北京智源人工智能研究院等多家新型研发机构瞄准世界一流，科研成果竞相迸发，为助力北京国际科技创新中心建设、支撑国家科技高水平自立自强增添动力。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px;\">原文 |《北京日报》记者  刘苏雅<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-12-26","description":"北京脑中心研究员周景峰（左）和同事在实验室内讨论实验数据。本报记者和冠欣摄脑，是生命体最复杂、最神秘的器官。在中关村生命科学园，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心的科研人员正致力于探寻脑的奥秘。作为本市新型研发机构之一，新的运行体制、新的绩效机制、新的用人及评价体系激发出科研人员的创新活力，该中心成立仅4年多，"},{"id":"262","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑中心2023年度申请考核制博士生联合招收项目汇总","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20221108\/1667872278521477.jpg","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究中心简介<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2018年3月，北京市政府联合北大、清华等七家单位共同发起成立了<strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/strong>（以下简称北京脑中心）。北京脑中心主要集中于脑科学和类脑智能技术方面的研究，致力于整合基础神经科学、生物技术、类脑智能和脑机融合、临床研究等学科资源，实现基础研究、应用研究、成果转化与产业化等环节的有机连接，建设国际一流的脑科学顶尖研究机构，并以此为依托培养面向国家脑科学战略需求的创新型人才。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑中心现有33个实验室和11个技术辅助中心，研究领域包括脑认知基本原理解析、认知障碍相关重大疾病、类脑与脑机接口、共性技术平台和资源库建设等方面。北京脑中心正与<strong>北京大学、北京协和医学院、中国农业大学、北京师范大学、首都医科大学<\/strong>开展学生联合培养项目，欢迎有志于从事脑科学研究的同学加入我们。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>一、招生项目<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221108\/202211082033.png\" title=\"202211082033.png\" alt=\"微信截图_20221107152316.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">各高校招生项目简要信息<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑中心欢迎生物学、心理学、物理学、数学、化学、计算机、生物医学工程等相关学科的学生报考，有报考意向的同学请密切关注报考流程、截止时间等重要信息，各项目的简要信息请见上方表格，具体的补充要求请见北京脑中心官网-研究生招生-通知公告栏目（<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cibr.ac.cn\/Personnel\/admissions?language=cn\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/www.cibr.ac.cn\/Personnel\/admissions?language=cn<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">）。具体报考要求均以学校的招生简章为准。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">报考相关问题请咨询：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">教务部| 杨老师<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">咨询电话| 010-81912671<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>二、培养模式<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑中心学生培养过程中实行“<strong>轮转定导制<\/strong>”，报考时不确定导师、也无需提前联系导师，如果有感兴趣的导师直接报考即可。北京脑中心学生入学第一学年内需要完成相应学校培养方案的课程要求，同时完成脑中心实验室轮转要求，并确定导师（可选择导师请见北京脑中心官网<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">：<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cibr.ac.cn\/Personnel\/mentor?language=cn\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.cibr.ac.cn\/Personnel\/mentor?language=cn<\/a>）。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>三、我们的优势<\/strong><\/span><\/p><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">杰出的团队：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">全球范围内遴选的杰出科学家、高比例的博士后、高水平的技术支撑团队、高效率的行政服务团队。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">一流的条件：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">产学研体系完备的生命科学园、66,000m2的研究大楼、11个专业技术辅助中心、40,000笼位大小鼠、灵长类动物饲养空间、共建共享的技术平台、样本库、数据库等。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">政策的支持：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">政府长期稳定的经费支持、新型研发机构管理自主创新机制、重大项目落地专项支撑。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">科研的优势：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">充分的国际化视野、独立自主的研究氛围、国际同行评估体系和行政管理体系、开放共享的资源配置体系、神经科学与物理、化学、生物技术、计算机、类脑人工智能、脑机融合的交叉、基础研究与临床研究的结合以及基础研究的成果转化体系。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">培养的优势：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">国际研究机构培养方式、创新的联合培养制度、多个系列多种形式的学术交流、国内一流的生活补贴和住宿条件等、丰富的课下娱乐活动。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p>","date":"2022-11-08","description":"北京脑科学与类脑研究中心简介2018年3月，北京市政府联合北大、清华等七家单位共同发起成立了北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称北京脑中心）。北京脑中心主要集中于脑科学和类脑智能技术方面的研究，致力于整合基础神经科学、生物技术、类脑智能和脑机融合、临床研究等学科资源，实现基础研究、应用研究、成果转化与产业化"},{"id":"257","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Nature Electronics：黄如-杨玉超团队在仿生光电突触与多模态、多尺度储备池计算研究中取得重要进展","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20221027\/1666869101802677.png","content":"<section style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">物理系统的动态演化过程可以作为一种高效的计算资源应用于信息处理。在输入的驱动下，物理系统遵循内在规律进行演化，演化的结果实现了对输入信息的变换，并作为达成特定计算功能的重要基础。基于此构建的硬件神经网络具有比数字系统更高的能效和更快的速度。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">储备池计算（Reservoir Computing）是其中备受关注的一种计算范式，具有易于训练、硬件开销低等优点，并且可以使用各种电学和光学硬件实现。储备池计算硬件所需的关键特性是非线性和短时记忆，前者可以将输入信息非线性地映射到高维空间，而后者意味着系统的状态由当前输入和最近的输入共同决定。满足上述要求的动态忆阻器件被用于硬件实现储备池计算，并展现出广阔的应用前景，在语音数字识别、混沌系统预测、解决二阶非线性任务和实时神经活动分析等方面取得了显著的进展。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">然而，当前的忆阻器件多为单一物理机制，缺少跨模态的突触可塑性，缺乏弛豫时间的可调性，这导致基于忆阻器的储备池仍然面临非线性映射模式固定、无法处理多模态信号、缺乏多尺度特征提取能力等问题，因而限制了储备池的信息处理能力，难以实现多模态、多尺度的储备池计算系统。<\/span><\/p><\/section><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210272632.jpg\" title=\"202210272632.jpg\" alt=\"202210211372.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图1. α-In<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2<\/sub>Se<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3<\/sub>光电忆阻器与多模态、多尺度储备池计算<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">针对以上关键问题，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京大学集成电路学院\/集成电路高精尖创新中心黄如院士-杨玉超教授课题组构建了基于α-In<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2<\/sub>Se<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3<\/sub>的多功能光电忆阻器件，利用其光电耦合的动力学特性，实现了多模态融合、多时间尺度的储备池计算<\/strong>。其中，范德华半导体α-In<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2<\/sub>Se<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3<\/sub>同时具有铁电、光电特性，以此为基础构造的忆阻器件在电、光脉冲的激励下体现出丰富的突触特性，包括PPF、PPD、EPSC、IPSC、LTP\/LTD等长、短时程可塑性。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210278011.jpg\" title=\"202210278011.jpg\" alt=\"202210211965.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图2. 具有丰富突触特性的α-In<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2<\/sub>Se<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3<\/sub>光电忆阻器<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">更重要的是，光电混合的物理机制使器件具有跨模态的突触可塑性，为储备池计算提供了多种非线性映射模式。基于此，研究团队提出了多模态融合的技术方案，构建了多模态融合的储备池计算系统，成功实现了多模态的手写数字识别和二维码识别任务，分别达到了86.1%和98.6%的准确率，并且在低涨落（C2C σ\/μ=0.1）下精度基本保持不变。此外，背栅电压\/光照作为第三端可以进一步实现异源突触可塑性，从而有效地调控器件的直流和脉冲特性，尤其是器件的弛豫时间可被缩短超过一个量级。该器件解决了已有忆阻器弛豫时间相对固定的问题，并进一步实现了多尺度的储备池计算，通过将器件置于不同的弛豫时间能够捕捉MSO<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">5<\/sub>时间序列在不同尺度上的特征，从而成功实现了对该序列的准确预测（NRMSE=0.105）。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210275135.jpg\" title=\"202210275135.jpg\" alt=\"202210211418.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图3. 多模态手写数字识别和MSO<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">5<\/sub>时间序列预测<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本研究利用α-In<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2<\/sub>Se<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3<\/sub>忆阻器中的多种物理机制，实现了跨模态的突触可塑性和弛豫时间的可调性，提供了多种非线性映射的模式、多模态融合的创新方案、多尺度特征提取的能力，为储备池计算应用于更复杂的任务和更广阔的场景奠定了坚实的基础。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">相关成果以“<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">An optoelectronic synapse based on α-In<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2<\/sub>Se<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3<\/sub> with controllable temporal dynamics for multimode and multiscale reservoir computing<\/strong>”为题，发表在<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《自然-电子学》（<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Electronics<\/em>）<\/strong>上。北京大学集成电路学院2018级博士生刘柯钦为第一作者，北京大学黄如院士，北京大学、北京脑科学与类脑研究中心双聘研究员杨玉超教授为通讯作者。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">黄如院士-杨玉超教授团队<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">长期深耕忆阻器、类脑计算、存算一体智能芯片研究，迄今为止累计发表<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Electronics、Nature Reviews Materials、Nature Nanotechnology、Nature Communications、Science Advances、IEDM<\/em>等期刊和会议论文130余篇，2篇入选TOP 0.1% ESI热点论文，11篇入选TOP 1% ESI高被引论文，研究工作在国际上形成重要影响力。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">该研究工作得到了国家重点研发计划、国家杰出青年基金、国家自然科学基金委后摩尔重大研究计划、111计划等项目以及北大-百度基金、霍英东教育基金会和腾讯基金会的支持。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">杨玉超教授目前正于北京脑中心组建<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">类脑智能研究中心<\/strong>，诚招相关方向博士后、数字后端设计工程师、芯片测试工程师、嵌入式软\/硬件开发工程师、实习生等，欢迎优秀候选人投递。岗位详情见：<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU3NjY3MDQ5NA==&mid=2247498010&idx=1&sn=56a4fcd56cbe4c85ba66dff256d16e71&chksm=fd12e76bca656e7d23989be76a596802e00f66ab062dde58c11f408f0b769f13548a941cb30a&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(84, 141, 212);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">全新、高起点、广阔前景！CIBR类脑智能研究中心多岗位招聘<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-10-27","description":"物理系统的动态演化过程可以作为一种高效的计算资源应用于信息处理。在输入的驱动下，物理系统遵循内在规律进行演化，演化的结果实现了对输入信息的变换，并作为达成特定计算功能的重要基础。基于此构建的硬件神经网络具有比数字系统更高的能效和更快的速度。储备池计算（Reservoir Computing）是其中备受关注的一种计算范式"},{"id":"256","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"新华社：坚定信心，脚踏实地向前进——来自基层蹲点现场的报道","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20221027\/1666868132429935.jpg","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">新华社北京10月19日电 题：坚定信心，脚踏实地向前进——来自基层蹲点现场的报道<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">新华社记者<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">金秋十月，太行山深处的河北省阜平县骆驼湾村，红彤彤的苹果挂满枝头，如同村民们现在红红火火的生活。16日一大早，村委会委员唐虎就走家串户，组织村民集体收看党的二十大开幕会直播。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271325.jpg\" title=\"202210271325.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185613.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月17日，河北阜平县骆驼湾村村民在整理苹果。新华社记者 骆学峰 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“全面建设社会主义现代化国家，是一项伟大而艰巨的事业，前途光明，任重道远。”习近平总书记坚定的话语，从首都北京传到这个小山村，传遍祖国的大江南北。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">蓝图催人奋进，赢得胜利唯有奋斗。从田间地头、工厂车间到科研一线……全国各族人民前进动力更加强大、奋斗精神更加昂扬、必胜信念更加坚定，脚踏实地向着第二个百年奋斗目标奋勇争先。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">开创发展新局面<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">河南郑州，中铁工程装备集团有限公司的盾构总装车间里，一台四五米高的盾构机已经挂上出厂标识。这是中铁装备首台出口德国的盾构机。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210272113.jpg\" title=\"202210272113.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185647.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">这是10月16日在河南郑州拍摄的中铁装备首台出口德国的盾构机。新华社发<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“党的二十大报告提出加快建设制造强国，为我们下一步高质量发展指明了方向。”中铁装备党委书记、董事长赵华说，“我们将努力占领世界掘进机技术制高点，为把我国建设成装备制造业强国贡献力量。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在广州市南沙区，不时有自动驾驶测试车辆行驶在城市路面。这个区在全国率先发布智能网联汽车道路路测政策。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271386.jpg\" title=\"202210271386.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185709.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">这是10月17日在广东广州南沙区拍摄的小马智行自动驾驶出租车。新华社记者 邓华 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“党的二十大报告将坚持深化改革开放作为全面建设社会主义现代化国家必须牢牢把握的重大原则之一。”南沙区常务副区长魏敏说，作为粤港澳大湾区重大合作平台之一，金融、财税等一系列改革举措正在南沙落地。南沙将全力以赴加快打造立足湾区、协同港澳、面向世界的新平台。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210272038.jpg\" title=\"202210272038.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185726.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">0月16日，在福建晋江华宇铮蓥集团智能化车间，AGV物流机器人在搬运经编成品。新华社发（赖进财 摄）<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">福建晋江，华宇铮蓥集团第五经编车间内，一排排经编机正在高速运转，AGV物流机器人不停穿梭其中。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展”“坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上”……聆听党的二十大报告后，华宇铮蓥集团执行总裁苏成喻备受鼓舞。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“作为民营企业，我们对未来发展充满信心。我们将继续坚守实业，抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇，持续加大研发投入，为行业转型探索更多经验。”苏成喻说。<\/span><\/p><br\/><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210277521.jpg\" title=\"202210277521.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185745.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月18日，在湖北武汉的中科院水生所白鱀豚馆，长期从事长江江豚保护研究工作的郝玉江副研究员（左）在向学生讲解江豚行为习惯。新华社发<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在湖北武汉的中科院水生所白鱀豚馆，监控显示屏上，一头体长近1米的江豚幼豚正在水中追逐小鱼。郝玉江副研究员说，长江江豚是长江水生态系统的旗舰物种。随着长江沿线“共抓大保护、不搞大开发”，长江江豚的生存环境显著改善。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“习近平总书记在二十大报告中提出，推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生。我们相信，会有越来越多的人参与到长江江豚保护中，携手共绘大美长江生态画卷。”郝玉江说。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">增强自主创新能力<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">又是一年南繁育种季。在海南三亚，中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院院长、海南省崖州湾种子实验室副主任彭军忙着为各科研团队统筹安排用地，做好科研资源保障。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271158.jpg\" title=\"202210271158.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185801.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月17日，在海南三亚，中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院院长、海南省崖州湾种子实验室副主任彭军在工作。新华社记者 杨冠宇 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“种子是农业的‘芯片’。习近平总书记在二十大报告中提出，全方位夯实粮食安全根基。让每一位农业科技工作者感到肩上的重任。”彭军说，“我们要着力解决制约农业生产的关键技术难题，为保障粮食安全、加快建设农业强国不懈奋斗，确保中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在吉林长春，长光卫星技术股份有限公司副总经理王栋正在为自己的梦想而努力——最近他和同事在对年底即将发射的19颗卫星进行测试。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271669.jpg\" title=\"202210271669.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185818.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月17日，在吉林长春，长光卫星技术股份有限公司副总经理王栋在卫星总装测试大厅内。新华社记者 许畅 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“党的二十大报告强调，必须坚持科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力。这让我们创新创业的底气更足了！”王栋说，公司自主研发运营的“吉林一号”卫星星座，已有70颗卫星在轨。“我们明年计划完成138颗卫星在轨运营。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">脑科学研究是重要的前沿战略领域。北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主任罗敏敏说，十余年间，我国的脑科学研究取得显著进步。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271565.jpg\" title=\"202210271565.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185445.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月17日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主任罗敏敏（前）在实验室为学生示范立体显微注射操作。新华社记者 任超 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">罗敏敏说，党的二十大报告提出“深入实施人才强国战略”“着力形成人才国际竞争的比较优势”，让我们科研工作者非常振奋。“我们将继续吸纳全球优秀人才，集中力量进行原创性、引领性科技攻关，力争在重要领域有重大突破，在转化应用方面有实质推动，建成国际一流的研究机构。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">天山脚下，新疆乌鲁木齐市达坂城区，公路边巨大的白色风车迎风转动。走在熟悉的巡检线路上，金风科技天翼达坂城试验风电场场长张新旺感慨道：“习近平总书记在二十大报告中提出深入推进能源革命，如今，绿色低碳发展理念越来越深入我们每个人心中。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">10年里，张新旺先后发明十多项专利，解决了设备安装、维护方面的难题。“我们在自己的岗位上向前一小步，汇合起来就会是中国创新发展向前迈的一大步。”他说。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271970.jpg\" title=\"202210271970.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185849.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月16日，在新疆乌鲁木齐金风科技天翼达坂城试验风电场，场长张新旺（右）和同事一起工作。新华社发（周凯 摄）<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">奋斗创造美好生活<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“在电视上看到习近平总书记作报告，一下子就想起10年前总书记冒着严寒来村里看望我们的情景。”骆驼湾村村民顾宝青说。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">当时，地处燕山—太行山集中连片特困地区的骆驼湾村，村民们守着大山熬日子。2012年12月，习近平总书记来到这里看真贫，向全党全国发出脱贫攻坚的总动员令。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">发展高山林果种植和食用菌产业、引进旅游公司打造特色民宿旅游业……骆驼湾这个昔日贫困闭塞的小山村，如今正朝着美丽休闲乡村迈进。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">骆驼湾村村委会委员唐虎说：“总书记的报告让我们更有干劲儿了！今后，我们要把村里的产业发展好，带领老百姓过上更好的日子。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“10多元一顿，方便又实惠”……说起养老服务站提供的餐食，住在贵州省贵阳市观山湖区金阳街道金元社区的老年人纷纷“点赞”。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“聆听了习近平总书记所作的二十大报告，我们对坚持以人民为中心的发展思想有了更深刻的理解。”社区党总支副书记安春燕说，社区工作千万条，最重要的一条是坚持为民服务宗旨。我们要采取更多惠民生、暖民心举措，着力解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271774.jpg\" title=\"202210271774.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185906.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月16日，在贵州贵阳观山湖区金阳街道，金元社区党总支副书记安春燕（右）与居民交流。新华社记者 杨文斌 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在重庆市巫山县下庄村的果园里，全国脱贫攻坚楷模、下庄村党支部书记毛相林正查看柑橘长势。“‘新时代的伟大成就是党和人民一道拼出来、干出来、奋斗出来的！’总书记的话语说到了我们心里。”他说。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">下庄村曾是个被高山绝壁合围的“天坑村”。毛相林带领村民历时7年，在绝壁上凿出了8公里长的出山公路，也凿通了村民的致富路。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210271250.jpg\" title=\"202210271250.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185920.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月16日，全国脱贫攻坚楷模、重庆市巫山县下庄村党支部书记毛相林在自家柑橘园中查看柑橘长势。新华社记者 李晓婷 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">毛相林说：“下庄人脱贫奔小康的梦想已经实现。我们要在党的带领下，继续苦干实干，向着共同富裕目标努力。”眼下，村里350亩撂荒地已经开垦出来，用于扩大柑橘产业规模，还要发展生态旅游，吸引更多游客进村。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">驱车穿行在内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗的城镇乡村，黑土地上“丰”景如画，各族群众房前挂着五星红旗，一派喜气洋洋的节日景象。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20221027\/202210278991.jpg\" title=\"202210278991.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20221027185936.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">10月17日，内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗布西社区居民杜文娟（左）和家人在一起。新华社记者 邹俭朴 摄<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">16日上午，莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗布西社区居民杜文娟一家身着节日盛装，收看了党的二十大开幕盛况。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">莫力达瓦在达斡尔语中意为“马岭”，以前境内山高路险，只能乘马翻越。如今的莫力达瓦已有了四通八达的公路，当年的茅草房变成了宽敞明亮的砖瓦房和楼房。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">“我们一家四口由达斡尔族和鄂温克族组成。”杜文娟笑着说，“小家的幸福，离不开各民族的团结。我们要像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起，心往一处想，劲往一处使，形成同心共圆中国梦的强大合力，把祖国大家庭建设得越来越强大。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\">编辑：刘雅萱<\/span><\/p><p><\/p>","date":"2022-10-20","description":"新华社北京10月19日电题：坚定信心，脚踏实地向前进——来自基层蹲点现场的报道新华社记者金秋十月，太行山深处的河北省阜平县骆驼湾村，红彤彤的苹果挂满枝头，如同村民们现在红红火火的生活。16日一大早，村委会委员唐虎就走家串户，组织村民集体收看党的二十大开幕会直播。10月17日，河北阜平县骆驼湾村村民在整理"},{"id":"254","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"饶毅：坚持对的、优雅的、有创造性的脑科学研究","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20221027\/1666867190732902.jpg","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2022年8月13日，2022·北京脑科学国际学术大会正式开幕，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主任饶毅教授发表开幕致辞。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">（致辞中英全文）<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">好奇心推动的科学家认真从事的<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">研究<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">是好的科学研究<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">饶毅<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">欢迎大家参加第二届北京脑科学国际学术大会（BBC）。<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">BBC的主办单位是北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（CIBR, Beijing）和北京其他脑科学机构。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">CIBR成立已经4年，有32个实验室，8个技术平台。他们的研究从分子、细胞到系统水平，也重视学科交叉。CIBR已经有一百多位研究生、五十多位博士后，他们活跃在脑科学前沿。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">虽然外界对于“应用”、“应用”、“应用”， “疾病”、“疾病”、“疾病”喧嚣不已，CIBR坚信：<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">第一，由好奇心驱动的、科学家发起的、研究人员认真实验精心分析的是好科学的主流，特别是生命科学、脑科学的核心。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">第二，虽然在有些科学，例如人工智能，大数据有重要贡献。但是，迄今为止，在脑科学，耗费大量经费、数据驱动的研究从来没有对探索脑的奥秘或者改善脑疾病的诊断和治疗起到任何重要作用。实际上，迄今为止，即使是在更广泛的生命科学，耗费大量经费、数据驱动的研究充其量只有边缘性、辅助性的作用。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">我们应该不被金钱所引诱，而应该坚持对的、优雅的、有创造性的脑科学、生命科学研究。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">历史将谴责所有以科学的名义而利欲熏心的研究人员，生产不加分析的资料是垃圾，只抢大钱而无真正科学意义的发现与科学的罪人没有本质区别。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Research by Curiosity-Driven Scientists Is Good Science<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Rao Yi<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Welcome to the second BBC——Beijing Brain Conference.<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">BBC is sponsored by the Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR, Beijing) and other neuroscience institutes in Beijing.<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">CIBR has been established for 4 years, presently with 32 laboratories and 8 technical platforms. Our research areas span from molecular, cellular to systems levels, with cross-disciplinary interactions encouraged. CIBR now has more than 100 graduate students and more than 50 postdoctoral fellows, active at the frontiers of neuroscience research.<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">While there is much noise about application, application, application, or diseases, diseases and diseases, CIBR firmly believes：<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Firstly, that curiosity-driven, investigator-initiated, carefully executed and in-depth analyzed research will remain the mainstream of good science, and the core of neuroscience and life sciences.<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Secondly, while big data has made important contributions to some disciplines of sciences such as artificial intelligence, that research consuming large amounts of funds and driven by data has never played a significant role in our understanding of the brain, or in improving either the diagnosis or treatment of brain diseases. In fact, so far, even in the more broad life sciences, data-driven research consuming large amounts of funding has, at the most, played a marginal role.<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">We should not be enticed by funds and should pursue the right, elegant and creative research that will lead to discoveries advancing our understanding of the brain and related diseases.<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">History will judge those who are greedy for money under the pretense of science. Data produced by much funding with little analysis is garbage and those who grab money without scientifically valuable discoveries are not fundamentally different from criminals.<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-08-13","description":"2022年8月13日，2022·北京脑科学国际学术大会正式开幕，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主任饶毅教授发表开幕致辞。（致辞中英全文）好奇心推动的科学家认真从事的研究是好的科学研究饶毅欢迎大家参加第二届北京脑科学国际学术大会（BBC）。BBC的主办单位是北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（CIBR, Beijing）和北京其他脑科学机构。"},{"id":"210","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"《自然—方法》：罗敏敏实验室开发出一系列能够在体内和体外高效侵染小胶质细胞的新型rAAV载体","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220726\/1658813312304832.png","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京时间 2022年7月25日晚23时，北京生命科学研究所\/北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">罗敏敏实验室<\/strong>在国际权威学术期刊<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Methods<\/strong><\/em>在线发表题为“Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus for efficient gene delivery to microglia”的研究论文。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">该研究通过定向进化策略，开发了一系列能够在体内和体外高效侵染小胶质细胞的新型rAAV载体，实现对小胶质细胞的标记、在体观测和基因编辑。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220726\/202207261598.png\" title=\"202207261598.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20220726100415.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中最主要的常住免疫细胞，遍布整个中枢神经系统，其数量约占中枢神经系统中所有细胞的10-15%。作为存在于神经系统中的一类特殊的巨噬细胞，在很长一段时间内，小胶质细胞被认为主要承担清除细胞碎片等废物的功能。近年来的研究表明，小胶质细胞不仅仅是神经系统的“清道夫”，更是维持中枢神经系统稳态的关键细胞。在正常生理状态下，小胶质细胞对环境进行持续的免疫监视，并在识别到免疫刺激时进行快速应答。除了执行免疫功能之外，小胶质细胞也通过突触修剪、神经元兴奋性调节等方式，参与调控神经环路的发育和可塑性。考虑到小胶质细胞的重要功能，几乎所有中枢神经系统疾病的发生和发展均涉及小胶质细胞。人类遗传学研究发现，绝大多数神经退行性疾病的风险基因都在小胶质细胞中特异性表达或高表达。影响小胶质细胞吞噬、激活或免疫调节功能的基因突变也导致严重的中枢神经系统病变。因此，小胶质细胞也被认为是治疗中枢神经系统疾病的重要靶点。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">虽然小胶质细胞逐渐成为神经科学研究领域的热点，目前对小胶质细胞功能的理解还不深入，针对小胶质细胞开展研究也相对而言比较困难。一个最主要的技术难点是缺乏高效的手段对小胶质细胞进行转基因操作。以往研究主要通过构建转基因小鼠将外源基因或遗传修饰导入小胶质细胞。但这种手段费时费力，并且不能作为治疗策略进行转化应用。近年来，重组病毒载体，尤其是腺相关病毒（recombinant adeno-associated virus, rAAV）载体，逐渐成为神经科学研究领域最为重要的研究工具。通过rAAV载体将外源基因（如光敏感蛋白、荧光探针、CRISPR组分等）表达至细胞内，研究人员能够高效的对目标细胞进行标记和操控。这一策略已经被广泛运用于对神经元和神经环路的研究，极大地推动了相关领域的发展。由于相对较高的安全性，rAAV也是现阶段最为常用的基因治疗载体之一。然而，现有的病毒载体均无法实现对小胶质细胞的有效侵染。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在最新这篇论文中<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">，研究人员针对野生血清型AAV9的衣壳蛋白进行改造。AAV由衣壳蛋白和单链DNA基因组所构成，其侵染特性由衣壳蛋白所决定。研究人员将7个随机氨基酸组成的短肽插入至AAV衣壳蛋白的特定位置中，并利用这些突变衣壳蛋白包装制备AAV突变病毒文库。文库中不同的rAAV病毒颗粒表面展示有不同序列的短肽。研究人员首先在体外培养的小鼠小胶质细胞中对该文库进行两轮筛选，鉴定出两个衣壳蛋白（AAV-cMG.WPP和AAV-cMG.QRP）能够在一定程度上提高rAAV病毒对体外培养的小鼠小胶质细胞的侵染效率。以此为基础，研究人员针对AAV-cMG.QRP的插入肽段及其在衣壳蛋白插入位点的相邻氨基酸进行突变筛选，成功得到了高效侵染体外培养小胶质细胞的AAV-cMG衣壳蛋白。通过RNA测序，研究人员确认AAV-cMG侵染体外培养小胶质细胞并不导致小胶质细胞的激活。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220726\/202207269580.png\" title=\"202207269580.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20220726101603.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图1：体外筛选得到AAV-cMG<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">然而，体外筛选得到的这些AAV突变衣壳蛋白并不足以在小鼠脑内介导高效的小胶质细胞基因递送。研究人员进一步在AAV-cMG.WPP基础之上构建新的AAV突变文库，并在小胶质细胞特异的Cr1-CreER转基因小鼠脑内进行针对性体内筛选，成功鉴定得到两个衣壳蛋白，AAV-MG1.1和AAV-MG1.2，能够在体内高效侵染小胶质细胞。同样的，通过单细胞测序，研究人员确认AAV-MG1.1和AAV-MG1.2介导的侵染并不导致脑内小胶质细胞的激活。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220726\/202207261287.png\" title=\"202207261287.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20220726102223.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图2：体内筛选得到AAV-MG1.1\/1.2<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p><\/p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">这些新型rAAV病毒载体能够将众多基因编码的工具蛋白直接递送入小胶质细胞，无需针对每一个工具蛋白重新构建新的转基因小鼠品系，从而大大提高了研究的效率。更重要的是，这些新型rAAV病毒载体使得对小胶质细胞进行快速基因编辑成为可能。研究人员利用AAV-MG1.2结合Cre-LoxP系统，在小鼠脑内小胶质细胞中特异表达钙离子荧光探针jGCaMP8s和北京大学李毓龙实验室最新开发的ATP荧光探针GRAB<sub style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">ATP1.0<\/sub>，并运用在体双光子成像观察腹腔注射LPS后小胶质细胞胞体处钙离子和ATP分子的动态变化。研究人员同样利用AAV-MG1.2结合CRISPR\/Cas技术，实现小胶质细胞高效在体基因敲除。<\/span><\/p><\/section><p><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220726\/202207261342.png\" title=\"202207261342.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20220726102255.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图3：AAV-MGs介导小胶质细胞在体基因敲除<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">综上，该研究成功开发了两类分别适用于体外侵染培养小胶质细胞和体内侵染内源性小胶质细胞的新型rAAV载体，拓展了各种研究手段被用于小胶质细胞研究的可行性，并有希望应用于小胶质细胞基因疗法的开发。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京生命科学研究所罗敏敏实验室<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">林睿博士<\/strong>、北京脑科学与类脑研究中心载体工程中心<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">周宥彤<\/strong>、罗敏敏实验室<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">严婷<\/strong>、<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">王睿宇<\/strong>为本文共同第一作者。该论文的其他作者还包括罗敏敏实验室<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">黎亨<\/strong>、北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">张忻爽<\/strong>、<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">周向宇<\/strong>、<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">张力博士<\/strong>、<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">赵非博士<\/strong>，以及北京大学<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">武照伐博士<\/strong>和<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">李毓龙博士<\/strong>。<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">林睿博士<\/strong>和<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">罗敏敏博士<\/strong>为本文共同通讯作者。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220726\/202207261897.png\" title=\"202207261897.png\" alt=\"微信截图_20220726130720.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">该研究受科技部、中国医学科学院及北京市政府资助，在北京生命科学研究所和北京脑科学与类脑研究中心完成。<br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">本文第一作者<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">林睿博士<\/strong>已在北京生命科学研究所成立独立实验室。林睿实验室开发和利用新技术对小胶质细胞生物学开展系统研究，具体信息参见实验室网站<a href=\"https:\/\/linlab.bio\/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\">https:\/\/linlab.bio<\/a>或联系linrui@nibs.ac.cn，欢迎博士生、博士后和科研助理加入。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">原文地址：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41592-022-01547-7\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41592-022-01547-7<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-07-26","description":"北京时间 2022年7月25日晚23时，北京生命科学研究所\/北京脑科学与类脑研究中心罗敏敏实验室在国际权威学术期刊Nature Methods在线发表题为“Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus for efficient gene delivery to microglia”的研究论文。该研究通过定向进化策略，开发了一系列能够在体内和体外高效侵染小胶质细胞"},{"id":"199","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"DNA为本：CIBR熊巍实验室报道通过在体基因编辑治疗遗传性耳聋 | Cell Reports","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220713\/1657676919826069.png","content":"<p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220713\/202207131110.png\" title=\"202207131110.png\" alt=\"12.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2022年7月12日，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（CIBR）熊巍实验室<\/strong>在<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Cell Reports<\/em><\/strong>（《细胞报告》）杂志上发表长文：Template-independent genome editing in the <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em> mouse, a model of human DFNB23 nonsyndromic deafness（不依赖于修复模板的基因编辑应用于<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>小鼠品系，一个人类非综合性耳聋DFNB23的动物模型）。<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本工作首次在哺乳动物模型上展示了利用非同源末端连接（NHEJ）的基因修复通路有效实现先天性遗传疾病的在体基因治疗。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">DNA水平基因修复成为下一代基因治疗新方向<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">基因治疗是治疗基因突变相关遗传性疾病的金钥匙，目前该领域大部分工作集中在针对mRNA的基因替代（Gene replacement）或者基因沉默（Gene silence）方面，若干适用性好的靶基因已经被用于临床，表明基因治疗具有可行性。然而就中心法则而言，在mRNA水平的修复还是治标不治本，因此针对DNA的基因修复代表了下一代基因治疗的新方向。本研究提出特别针对DNA移码突变的一个方案，并系统展示了在耳蜗毛细胞DNA水平的基因编辑有效恢复动物听觉的过程。<\/span><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">DNA水平的基因修复是通过以CRISPR-Cas为代表的基因编辑技术来实现的，2011年CRISPR-Cas工具的开发和成熟，使研究者可以依赖guide RNA（gRNA）实现稳定可控的定点DNA双链切割\/断裂（DSB），CRISPR-Cas技术的一个重要应用就是实现定点切除致病突变。DSB的修复有诸多通路，其中最主要的是NHEJ和同源重组修复（HDR）两种：NHEJ产物携带各种插入或者缺失（InDel）导致的移码突变，其结果等同于从一个突变到多种突变，因此没有在基因治疗中得到很好应用；依赖HDR修复通路将靶基因修复为野生型，但是这一过程需要有一个野生型的DNA模板，然而在体情况下基于HDR通路的修复效率在活体动物的终端分化细胞上效率非常低，从一定程度上限制了基因编辑在基因治疗上的应用。因此基于基因编辑技术的在体基因治疗方案一直处于实验室和细胞系体系研究阶段。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">首次在哺乳动物模型上展示了利用NHEJ基因修复通路实现先天性遗传疾病的在体基因治疗<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">自2016年以来，陆续有基于细胞系的研究表明gRNA-spCas9酶切割产生的DSB的末端连接产物并非随机，而是可以预测和重复实现的，那么基于这一原理，对于某一个gRNA所获得DNA编辑事件可以预测，反过来说可以根据DNA产物需要来选择gRNA。然而这一规律在体内的实际情况是怎么样的并不知道，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本研究即利用小鼠耳蜗培养组织验证了终端分化的功能细胞上编辑产物也具有可重复性，并利用该原理实现了单个gRNA即可修复移码突变，实现小鼠的在体基因治疗<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本研究展示了接收声音振动的听觉毛细胞可以利用内源性DNA修复通路中的最主要方式NHEJ（大于90%）修复InDel导致的移码突变，在遗传性耳聋动物模型（<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>小鼠，携带一个腺苷的插入突变）上实现了导入单个gRNA有效修复该插入导致的遗传性耳聋，而PCDH15蛋白是毛细胞tip link的组分，是毛细胞机械转导通道开放的关键蛋白，蛋白质量有215kD之巨。该概念的成功验证，提示占人类单基因遗传病中22%的移码突变导致的遗传性疾病有广阔的治疗前景。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">从体外组织和在体动物两个层面展示通过NHEJ通路实现移码突变的修复以及听觉和平衡觉功能的部分修复<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">熊巍实验室长期研究耳聋相关基因的生理和病理机制，本工作利用一株模拟人类DFNB23遗传性耳聋的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15a<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">v-3j<\/sup><\/em>小鼠品系，全方位系统的展示了突变位点附近产生的DSB可以通过NHEJ通路实现移码突变的修复以及听觉和平衡觉功能的部分修复。本研究在体外组织和在体动物两个层面，从编辑基因产物、蛋白表达、毛细胞功能、以及动物生理功能等多个角度的分析和评估来展现该方案的可行性。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">· 组织层面：<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">耳蜗毛细胞的基因递送一直是一个难点，熊巍博士早前开发了一套耳蜗组织培养和基因电转递送的系统解决方案（Xiong et al., <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nat. Protoc.<\/em> 2014），实现在培养的耳蜗组织上通过电转（较大规模）向毛细胞导入外源基因，后续通过电生理或者钙成像研究特定基因干预后的毛细胞功能变化。基于该耳蜗电转技术，熊巍实验室首先扫描了<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/em>突变（1bp插入）上下游15bp的区域内的4条gRNA所产生的编辑产物，发现其中的m-3<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">j<\/em>-gRNA1表现出高比例的1bp删除的编辑产物，而且重复性很高，意味着m-3<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">j<\/em>-gRNA1是一个潜在的治疗<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/em>突变的备选gRNA。在培养的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>耳蜗组织上，通过电转表达了spCas9和m-3<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">j<\/em>-gRNA1的<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>毛细胞可以恢复PCDH15蛋白的表达（P<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">cdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>突变导致PCDH15不表达上膜），同时<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>毛细胞的机械转导功能也有所恢复。有意思的是，在包括-1bp、-4bp、+2bp等在内的回码（frame-restored）产物类别中，其最高占比产物均对PCDH15功能有明显恢复，提示蛋白修复产物在非保守区即使1-2氨基酸的插入或者删除并非绝对无功能，从转化角度考虑也是值得去开发的一种可能性。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">· 在体层面：<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">根据体外研究的效果，熊巍实验室进一步对<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>小鼠在体耳蜗注射包裹有m-3<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">j<\/em>-gRNA1的AAV2\/9。通过对电转耳蜗组织（体外）和病毒注射耳蜗组织（在体）的基因编辑产物进行的系统比对，发现它们无论是在主编辑产物还是产物的比例上均非常一致。进一步的对m-3<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">j<\/em>-gRNA1病毒注射小鼠的各方面指标的评估，包括耳蜗毛细胞的PCDH15表达（蛋白表达）、耳蜗毛细胞的机械转导电流（细胞功能）、小鼠的听性脑干电位（ABR，听觉生理）和惊吓反应（Startle，行为学）等，均显示单个m-3<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">j<\/em>-gRNA1在spCas9的帮助下即可实现av3j突变的功能性恢复。熊巍实验室同时也检验了前庭器官的恢复效果，结果显示<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Pcdh15<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">av-3j<\/sup><\/em>小鼠在注射m-3<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">j<\/em>-gRNA1后也得到了平衡功能的恢复。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为基于基因编辑技术的在体基因治疗提供进一步支持<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">基因药是继化学药之后，各基础和临床机构重点研发的下一代药物方向，在人体基因递送和基因表达等技术门槛陆续解决的情况下，遗传性疾病的基因治疗前景越来越明确。2011年CRISPR-Cas技术的横空出世，提供了有效且实用的DNA编辑工具，让面向DNA的在体基因治疗成为可能。化学药和基因替代\/沉默等手段通常只能做到治标不治本，而面向DNA的基因编辑带来的基因修复，可以让被修复基因跟随生命体的生长节奏在时间上和空间上实现内源表达调控，是最自然的基因表达和调控的体现，也应该是最理想的针对遗传性疾病的修复方式。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">研究历程<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">熊巍实验室在2015年建立之时即确立了研究遗传性耳聋基因治疗的方向，所有的技术和资源都是从零开始积累，期间尝试了多种策略和方法，最终锁定利用到NHEJ的非随机修复机制来重塑移码突变导致的致聋突变。本工作从2019年底投稿到2022年上半年最终接收，历时2年半，不可谓不艰难，不过“凡是过去，皆为序章”！<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">该论文的共同第一作者为刘恋、邹林志和李宽三位博士研究生，本工作也得到南方科技大学陈放怡实验室、山东大学徐志刚实验室和清华大学孙前文实验室的大力协助，本文通讯作者为熊巍。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">原文地址<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111061\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111061<\/strong><\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-07-13","description":"2022年7月12日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（CIBR）熊巍实验室在Cell Reports（《细胞报告》）杂志上发表长文：Template-independent genome editing in thePcdh15av-3jmouse, a model of human DFNB23 nonsyndromic deafness（不依赖于修复模板的基因编辑应用于Pcdh15av-3j小鼠品系，一个人类非综合性耳聋DFNB2"},{"id":"189","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"通过国际评估：北京脑中心青年学者井淼晋升为研究员","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220527\/1653621582507123.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">近日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称北京脑中心）青年学者井淼，正式通过国际评估，晋升为研究员。<\/strong>井淼是北京脑中心于2019年2月以青年学者身份引进的优秀青年人才，其在北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院取得博士学位，后加入北京脑中心建立独立实验室，开展大脑功能调控的基础科研工作。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220527\/202205271306.jpg\" title=\"202205271306.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220527110742.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">在北京脑中心开展科研工作三年多的时间里，井淼博士始终秉持着严谨治学、不断创新的态度来进行科学研究。其实验室目前关注于探究大脑内信号分子如何在脑损伤等疾病中发生改变，以及找寻其改变背后的细胞和分子机理。实验室与北京大学李毓龙实验室合作，开发了新一代遗传编码的乙酰胆碱荧光探针，并以共同通讯作者的身份发表文章于<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Methods<\/em>杂志。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220527\/202205271479.jpg\" title=\"202205271479.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220527110850.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">同时，实验室应用嘌呤类递质ATP探针，揭示了大脑炎症过程中特征性的ATP释放模式，相关合作工作发表于<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Neuron<\/em>杂志。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">井淼于2020年入选了北京市“科技新星”项目，并作为课题负责人主持了科技部多项课题，与国内外实验室开展了丰富的合作。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">在国际评估中，井淼得到了评估委员的高度评价，肯定了其在开发新的分子工具和对其在脑科学研究中的应用做出的工作。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">井淼表示，实验室目前的成果离不开脑中心的大力支持和实验室优秀学生的努力，希望能够再接再厉，尽快将更多原创性成果展示给大家。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220527\/202205271779.jpg\" title=\"202205271779.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220527110918.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">北京脑中心自2018年3月成立以来，始终致力于为坚持科研事业的脑科学领域人才提供稳定有力的科研支撑，培养并留住最好的青年人才，帮助他们成为新一代顶尖科学家。截至目前，已引进高层次人才41位，其中科学家32位（包括6名非华裔），技术辅助中心主任9位。覆盖脑认知原理解析、神经系统相关疾病、神经科学研究新技术开发及类脑智能与脑机接口相关前沿研究方向。中心下一步将继续立足发展优势，加强与国内外优势单位合作，产出更多原创性前沿成果，为国家脑科学与类脑发展广纳人才、培养人才。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-05-27","description":"近日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称北京脑中心）青年学者井淼，正式通过国际评估，晋升为研究员。井淼是北京脑中心于2019年2月以青年学者身份引进的优秀青年人才，其在北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院取得博士学位，后加入北京脑中心建立独立实验室，开展大脑功能调控的基础科研工作。在北京脑中心开展科研工作三年多的时"},{"id":"170","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"CIBR成立四周年！","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220322\/1647938372567067.png","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">CIBR四周岁啦！<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;\">谢谢CIBR所有的建设者、支持者！<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;\">因为有你，未来可期。<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220322\/202203221327.png\" title=\"202203221327.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20220322163959.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">饶毅 | CIBR联合主任<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学中心，正在茁壮成长！<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; margin-top: 10px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">罗敏敏 | CIBR联合主任<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Let us CIBR !<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">张泽工 | CIBR行政副主任<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">四周年，要激发各类人才创新活力，建设全球脑科学人才高地，形成“一体两翼”（即科学家队伍为体，工程师队伍和运行科研服务队伍为两翼）的队伍体系，构建开放创新体系，让有真才实学的科技人员英雄有用武之地！“纷繁世事多元应，击鼓催征稳驭舟”！<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>CIBR进化史<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\">↓<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220322\/202203221757.jpg\" title=\"202203221757.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220322164325.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">博晖办公区（2018.3-2019.6）<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220322\/202203229763.jpg\" title=\"202203229763.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220322164329.jpg\"\/><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">CIBR一期（2019.6至今）<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220322\/202203221027.png\" title=\"202203221027.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20220322164333.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">CIBR二期（2022.6--未来）<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">在这个特别的日子里，北京脑中心员工代表参观了正在装修中的二期，纷纷表示非常期待与CIBR一起成长！<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 2em; margin-top: 15px;\"><video class=\"edui-upload-video vjs-default-skin video-js\" controls=\"\" preload=\"none\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" src=\"\/static\/upload\/video\/20220322\/202203222401.mp4\"><source src=\"\/static\/upload\/video\/20220322\/202203222401.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"\/><\/video><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p>","date":"2022-03-22","description":"CIBR四周岁啦！谢谢CIBR所有的建设者、支持者！因为有你，未来可期。饶毅 | CIBR联合主任北京脑科学中心，正在茁壮成长！罗敏敏 |CIBR联合主任Let us CIBR !张泽工 | CIBR行政副主任四周年，要激发各类人才创新活力，建设全球脑科学人才高地，形成“一体两翼”（即科学家队伍为体，工程师队伍和运行科研服务队伍为两翼"},{"id":"167","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience：柳昀哲课题组发表长篇综述，提出表征富集理论","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220321\/1647848064849188.png","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">近日，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/strong>与北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室双聘研究员<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">柳昀哲课题组<\/strong>在<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature <\/strong><\/em><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Reviews Neuroscience<\/em><\/strong>上发表长篇综述，系统整合近年来课题组在神经活动解码方面的突出贡献，并提出<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">表征富集理论<\/strong>（representation-rich）。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220321\/202203215786.png\" title=\"202203215786.png\" alt=\"微信图片_20220317153230.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“读心解梦”一直以来是人们的梦想，从弗洛伊德对于潜意识意义的追寻，到当今神经科学的神经信号解码，人们采用主观或客观的方式理解“梦”这一人类高级智能行为的脚步从未停止。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">早期人们理解人类意识的内涵，主要通过采用主观的报告以及其他主观推论等方式，与过去经验相结合，探寻梦境的内容所反应出的现实问题。神经科学的出现，能够让我们采用无创的方式对人类认知背后的神经信号进行探索。自时间相关电位、磁共振功能成像、脑磁图等无创神经信号采集范式兴起以来，数以万计的文章采用精妙的实验设计，从时间维度和空间维度对人类的高级认知过程进行了探查。其逻辑是采用精巧的实验设计，通过设置合理的条件与对照，来探究心理学操作对于神经活动的影响，从而建立起认知过程与神经影像结果的对应关系（例如不同脑区激活、成分等）（如图1a）。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220321\/202203211867.png\" title=\"202203211867.png\" alt=\"图片1.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图1：a. 任务诱发的神经活动。b. Intervention -based的数据分析方法示意图与data-driven的自发神经活动分析方法示意图。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">相比起通过任务诱发，自发神经活动缺乏实验设计的操纵，因此我们无法从时间维度和空间维度揭示神经活动背后可操纵的功能意义。随着休息状态下的神经信号被发现具有一定的特征（如默认网络），人们逐渐发现，自发性的神经信号具有一定的固有属性。因此，基于数据驱动的功能连接、相位共振等研究应运而生，同时通过与传统心理学测量相结合，人们逐渐赋予自发性神经活动一定功能意义。但与任务诱发的神经信号不同，自发性信号关联的功能意义并没有实际实验操纵，同一种自发神经信号可以与多种心理学量表测量有关，但自发神经信号并不是该心理学特质的直接结果。<br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">于是为了进一步理解在睡眠、静息等过程中自发神经活动的功能意义，人们在自发性活动中引入任务相关的实验刺激，将自发活动人为分割为施加刺激相关的任务诱发实验。相比起数据驱动的方式，进一步探索了自发神经活动背后的功能意义，但自发神经活动仍然是“黑箱“。同时，施加的刺激一定程度上，使得自发神经活动具有任务诱发的特征。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">结合表征相似性分析的进展，结合任务诱发的神经信号与自发神经信号，柳昀哲博士及其团队提出<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">表征富集理论（representation-rich）<\/strong>。该理论基于大脑神经信号对于刺激的表征在任务诱发和自发活动下相似的假设，将任务诱发时的神经信号作为特征，解码自发神经活动背后的功能意义。早期的表征相似性分析等方法，构建任务诱发条件和自发神经活动的相似性，探索任务诱发的空间表征在自发神经活动中的空间表征形式。在时间维度上，基于该理论，对于一段时间的自发神经活动进行解码，我们便能够获得自发神经活动的时间维度表征形式，即什么样的神经表征，从何处开始，持续了多久时间。这种在时间维度上的表征特性与动物海马位置细胞研究有相似之处。动物在静息和睡眠状态下，海马通过尖波涟漪进行神经活动重现，从而对于动物探索迷宫的路径信息进行模拟，因此探索迷宫诱发的神经活动会以不同位置信息神经活动重现的形式在海马被解码出来。人类不仅对于位置信息的加工有着相似的机制，对于关联信息特征也存在类似的加工方式，因此，从自发性神经活动中解码任务内容的表征，为我们理解人类高级智能提供了一扇窗，即采用表征富集理论，探究人类神经活动重现的作用与意义（图2a）。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220321\/202203211690.png\" title=\"202203211690.png\" alt=\"图片2.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图2：a. 模式动物与人类的神经重现特征。b. 刺激诱发的神经活动与自发神经活动重激活。c. TDLM算法（详情请见Liu et al., 2021 <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">elife<\/em>）。d. 基于功能磁共振的序列分析（神经活动重现）。<\/span><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">基于表征富集理论，一般采用高时间采样率的脑电信号与脑磁图信号采集神经表征信息作为任务诱发的神经活动，并采用多导的数据作为特征训练分类器，以便在自发神经信号中进行解码。一般来说，在学习任务之后的自发神经信号中（睡眠\/静息态），海马的自发神经信号与学习的内容及巩固有关，并且能够显著预测记忆效果。这使得我们相信，采用表征富集理论对海马神经活动重现进行研究，可以让我们对于自发神经活动的功能及内涵有更深的理解。人类神经活动重现与动物神经活动重现类似，都是神经信号在时间上的序列重现。对于人类来说，即任务诱发的神经表征会在自发神经活动中按一定的时间顺序重现。这种按时间出现的规则即为认知图谱，是促进我们灵活行为的重要成分之一。灵活行为的另一个目的，是为了基于现有的知识和概念，在陌生环境中完成目标导向的行为（Goal-directed behavior），即最大化未来可期待的累计奖励（或躲避惩罚）对于当前的折现。在进行目标导向的行为中，认知图谱表征了当前个体所处状态和未来状态之间的转换概率的特征，根据个体的行为是否基于不同状态的转换概率特征进行决策，可以将行为分为“基于模型的行为（model-based behaviors）”和“不基于模型的行为”（model-free behaviors）。不基于模型的行为依赖于刺激-反映联结，我们熟知的Rescorla–Wagner model即为不基于模型的行为建模方式。但不基于模型的行为无法使得个体脱离实际经验进行推理和计划行为，即无法对没有经历过的环境进行基于目标的行为。基于模型的行为能够促使人们对未曾经历过的事情进行推理和决策，同时也能够促使人们在陌生的新环境中进行推理。解码模型的表征对于理解人类高级智能具有重要的作用，因此对于神经活动重现的解码不仅能够促进我们对于自发神经活动功能的理解，更可以促进我们在强化学习的框架下，理解自发神经活动所维持的认知图谱在灵活决策时的重要作用以及奖赏后个体对于认知图谱的更新。在强化学习的框架下，柳昀哲博士采用精巧的实验设计，将神经活动重现与强化学习理论相结合，通过无创神经解码的方式，在实验中考察了神经活动重现与学习和推理的关系。实验结果印证了在强化学习框架下，神经活动重现能够促进个体在新环境下进行高效推理。表现出人类利用基于认知图谱神经活动重现进行推理的神经机制。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">进一步，为了更深入理解表征富集理论对于理解人类高级认知功能的实际意义，采用跨物种研究，人类、猴和大鼠静息条件下神经活动重现有关的海马尖波涟漪与“默认网络”激活表现出时间上的耦合特征（图3）。潜在表明，默认网络在静息状态下的特征是为了通过海马尖波涟漪促进形成并维持认知图谱的神经表征。这为我们理解默认网络在精神疾病的异常表征及默认网络的随龄发育提供新的启示。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220321\/202203211181.png\" title=\"202203211181.png\" alt=\"图片3.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图3：a. 人类神经活动重现尖波涟漪与默认网络的关系。b&c 模式动物神经活动重现和默认网络的关系。<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">表征富集理论，以神经活动重现为窗口，为我们理解人类高级认知的“黑箱”开了一扇“亮窗” 。这也使得我们向着“解梦读心” 的梦想更近了一步。未来采用表征富集理论，对睡眠和静息态的自发神经活动进行解码，将为我们理解疾病、发育及教育提供丰富的支持。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本文受到中央高校基本科研专项资金支持，第一作者及通讯作者为北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室与北京脑科学与类脑研究中心双聘研究员柳昀哲博士。本文受到了认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室与伦敦大学学院共聘教授Raymond J. Dolan院士与牛津大学Timothy E. J. Behrens 院士的大力支持。<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">课题组详情请见：<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">· 北师大<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">https:\/\/brain.bnu.edu.cn\/kytd\/jsyjy\/Ljs\/18e25c12984e48eb966932924b9b76c7.htm<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">· 北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">https:\/\/www.cibr.ac.cn\/science\/team\/detail\/763 <\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">更多文章请见:<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">https:\/\/scholar.google.co.uk\/citations?user=JTvHJzUAAAAJ<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本文详情请见：<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y.*<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">, Nour, M., Schuck, N., Behrens, T. E., Dolan, R. J. (2022) Decoding cognition from spontaneous neural activity. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Reviews Neuroscience<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-022-00570-z  第一及通讯作者<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">课题组前期积累 （*通讯作者， <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup>并列第一）：<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">1. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y.*<\/strong>, Mattar, M., Behrens, T. E., Daw, N., Dolan, R.J. (2021) Experience replay is associated with efficient nonlocal learning. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Science<\/strong><\/em>, 372(6544).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2. Nour, M. <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup>, <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y. <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup><\/strong>, Arumuham, A., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Dolan, R. (2021) Impaired neural replay of inferred relational structure in schizophrenia. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Cell<\/strong><\/em>，184(16), 4315-4328.e17<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y.*<\/strong>, Dolan, R. J., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Behrens, T. E. (2019) Human replay spontaneously reorganises experience. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Cell<\/strong><\/em>, 178(3), 640-652.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">4. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y.<\/strong>, Lin, W., Li, W., Wang, X., Pan, X., Yan, X., Rutledge, R. Ma, Y. (2019) Oxytocin modulates social value representations in the amygdala. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Neuroscience<\/strong><\/em>, 22(4), 633.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">5. Higgins, C. <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup>, <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y.<sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup><\/strong>, Vidaurre, D, Kurth-Nelson, Z., Dolan, R. J., Behrens, T. E., Woolrich, M (2021) Replay bursts coincide with activation of the default mode and parietal alpha network. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Neuron<\/em><\/strong>, 109(5), 882-893.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">6. Wimmer, G. E. <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup>, <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y. <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup><\/strong>, Vehar, N., Behrens, T. E., Dolan, R. J. (2020) Episodic memory retrieval success is associated with rapid replay of episode content. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Neuroscience<\/strong><\/em>, 1-9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">7. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y.*<\/strong>, Dolan, R. J., Higgins, C., Penagos, H., Woolrich, M., Ólafsdóttir, H. F., Barry, C., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Behrens, T. E. (2021) Temporally delayed linear modelling (TDLM) measures replay in both animals and humans. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">eLife<\/strong><\/em>, 10: e66917.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">8. Wise, T. <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup>, <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y. <sup style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">#<\/sup><\/strong>, Chowdhury, F., & Dolan, R. J. (2021). Model-based aversive learning in humans is supported by preferential task state reactivation. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Science Advances<\/strong><\/em>, eabf9616.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">9. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Liu, Y.<\/strong>, Lin, W., Liu, C., Wu, J., Luo, Y., Bayley, P., Qin, S. (2016) Memory consolidation reconfigures neural pathways involved in the suppression of emotional memories. <em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">Nature Communications<\/strong><\/em>, 7, 13375.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-03-21","description":"近日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心与北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室双聘研究员柳昀哲课题组在NatureReviews Neuroscience上发表长篇综述，系统整合近年来课题组在神经活动解码方面的突出贡献，并提出表征富集理论（representation-rich）。“读心解梦”一直以来是人们的梦想，从弗洛伊德对于潜意识意义的"},{"id":"166","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"人民日报探访北京脑中心：瞄准原始创新，激发人才活力","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220316\/1647397616336596.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">首次发现D型丝氨酸对睡眠的调控作用，开发出一套基于腺相关病毒载体的稀疏高亮标记方法，实现全脑范围单神经元完整重构……<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/strong>（以下简称“北京脑科学中心”）成立近4年来，瞄准国际脑科学研究前沿，集中开展科技攻关，取得了一批重要的原始创新成果。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">作为一家新型研发机构，北京脑科学中心采取全新的体制机制，在扩大用人自主权、科研经费使用、科研评价、开放合作等方面，做了大量的尝试、突破与创新，激发人才创新活力。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220316\/202203161537.jpg\" title=\"202203161537.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220315152129.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">罗敏敏在准备动物手术<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220316\/202203165458.jpg\" title=\"202203165458.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220315152119.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">郭青春为双光子激光扫描显微镜更换物镜<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">开展原创性引领性科技攻关<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">注重科研潜力，给予长期稳定支持，实行国际化评估<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“实验已经开展了。这个冬天，我们收集了实验动物几个不同时间点的数据，还差一个春天的时间点，下个月完成收集。”今年春节刚过，北京脑科学中心研究员王同飞像往常一样忙碌。关注哺乳动物的冬眠现象以及可能的临床应用，是他实验室的长远规划。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220316\/202203164609.jpg\" title=\"202203164609.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220315152125.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">脑中心PI王同飞在做脑片电生理实验<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">冬眠是生命科学领域非常重要的课题。它不仅仅是调节动物体温或睡眠的简单问题，还涉及许多其它相关的适应问题。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“心血管手术中的病人会面临缺血，但更大的挑战在于病人醒来时的风险。动物冬眠状态下血流很慢，醒来却没有受到相应的损伤，这里面存在一个保护机制。再比如，动物冬眠几个月不动，肌肉为什么不萎缩？”王同飞接连举了几个关于冬眠研究的例子。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“显然这不是一个短期可以见效的项目，但北京脑科学中心提供了这样一个环境，支持我开展研究。”王同飞说，“很多学生都会觉得研究冬眠‘很酷’，我对他们说，‘你要是能忍住10年不发文章，那么欢迎加入’。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">以“十年磨一剑”的精神，开展原创性引领性科技攻关，是北京脑科学中心的重要理念。正如北京脑科学中心联合主任罗敏敏所言，“脑科学领域有很多重要却没有得到解决的问题。我们希望实验室负责人做一些难的、早期不一定出成果但重要的工作。这看上去是‘减压’，其实也是‘加压’。我们不要求在期刊上发多少论文，但要看实验室负责人做的是不是真正重要的工作，实际上是更高水平的要求。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为鼓励科研人员去研究未知、重要的问题，北京脑科学中心有一系列体制机制作为保障。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">遴选实验室负责人时，北京脑科学中心不唯论文、不看“帽子”，而是重点考察应聘者的科研潜力，所研究的课题是否契合中心的发展方向，其他实验室负责人组成的招聘委员会参与面谈、打分。罗敏敏说，曾出现发表过不错的论文的申请者被淘汰的情况，“我们觉得课题不是特别有意思，或者作者可能没有太多自己的想法。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">支持方式上，北京脑科学中心实行科研经费包干制。科研人员无需写基金申请，即可获得长期（6年）的稳定支持。他们还专门为博士后提供经费支持，并与北京大学等6所国内一流高校开展联合招生项目，帮助科研人员组建一流团队。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">评估体系方面，北京脑科学中心不设置短期、硬性、定量的考核，没有论文方面的硬指标，而是以6年为周期，邀请国际同行参与评议，进行是否转为长聘制的审核，主要看的是研究方向、选题和水准，以及是否有国际影响力。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“新型研发机构提倡以科学家为中心，北京脑科学中心最重要的工作出发点是科学探索，怎么有利于科研，就怎么去做。”北京脑科学中心行政副主任张泽工说。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">一切以服务科研为导向<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">有一流的科研辅助平台，灵活的用人机制，高效的科研经费使用模式<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“在这里建立实验室非常快，整个审批建设流程都是为科研工作服务的。”2021年才回国的研究员白凌，主要从事内感觉神经系统的机制及功能研究。虽然入职只有7个多月，白凌的实验室已经初具规模。“我主要的精力放在怎么搭建实验室、怎么开展实验上，一切都非常高效。”白凌说。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220316\/202203169822.jpg\" title=\"202203169822.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220315152135.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">脑中心PI白凌<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">王同飞也有同感，2020年回国的他清晰记得，实验室招聘的两名科研助理跟自己是同一天来报到的。“实验室管理员甚至比我的入职时间还早一个月，我回来以后大概一两个星期，就正式开展实验了。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在这里，目前已经建成8个坚持“公共属性”的一流科研辅助平台，还有2个正在建设中。这些辅助平台几乎囊括了脑科学领域最新技术。在罗敏敏看来，这些支撑平台能统一提供便捷的服务，避免了科研仪器和人员的冗余。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“一切以服务科研为导向。”北京脑科学中心光学影像中心主任郭青春说，为研究提供高质量的数据和技术支持，光学影像中心拥有激光扫描共聚焦正置显微镜、高通量玻片扫描仪等多套先进设备，可满足透明化全脑图谱的构建、活体成像、活细胞成像、高通量生物学筛选等实验需求，成本大部分由北京脑科学中心承担，光学影像中心只收取较低的机时费用。尽管如此，过去一年，这里仍收回来机时费用近50万元。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“这50万元印证了这里的科研活跃度。”郭青春坦言，虽然是科研辅助平台，他的团队同样忙碌，完全是“跟着科研的节奏走”。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">围着科研转的，还有这里灵活的用人机制。除了面向全球遴选实验室负责人，北京脑科学中心还致力于延揽优秀的博士后人才，改变国内科研团队长期以研究生为主的局面。“博士后是通向独立研究员的必由之路，从全球看，顶尖实验室都是以博士后为主的。”罗敏敏解释，“如果实验室一直靠不停换学生来维持运行，那么它就很难摆脱实验室负责人的影响。相反，受过较好训练的博士后不仅上手更快，也能带来新的思维和技术，对实验室的自我创新是很有帮助的。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">实行“预算+负面清单”的科研经费使用模式，为人的创造性服务，也是北京脑科学中心创新管理运行机制的重要一环。罗敏敏介绍：“我们的科研经费用来招人行，买仪器也行，买科研服务同样可以，觉得重要就去做，我们给科研人员极大的自由度。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">白凌认为，科研充满不确定性，在北京脑科学中心，科研经费可以随着研究的变化灵活调整，能够避免青年科研人员过早地被“锁定方向”。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">跨学科、跨技术合作出成果<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">统筹资源优势，促进跨学科交叉融合，完善协同创新机制<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2021年11月，2021年度“北脑（青年）学者”入选人员名单出炉。迄今为止，北京脑科学中心已举办两批评选，来自中科院、北大、清华等单位的共50位学者入选。按照共建平台、科研合作等方面的规定，北京脑科学中心与这些科学家及其所在单位签订双聘协议，促进优势互补、合作共赢。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">随着脑成像、生物传感、人机交互等新技术不断涌现，脑科学正在成为多学科交叉的前沿科学领域。作为落实国家科技创新2030—“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目而成立的一家新型研发机构，北京脑科学中心实行与国际科研机构接轨的人员聘用制、薪酬灵活化等模式，引导国内外相关领域研究人员以全职、双聘方式参与工作，推动人才自由流动，统筹发挥首都高校院所、医疗和科研机构、行业企业等资源优势，促进跨学科交叉融合，完善协同创新机制，推动创新成果转化及产业化发展。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在罗敏敏看来，颠覆性的科研更需依靠跨学科、跨技术的合作。“我们积极鼓励合作，关键是把事情做出来。北京脑科学中心对于论文署名没有要求，不一定非要‘第一完成单位’，关键是有发现，真正解决问题。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京在脑科学研究方面优势突出，拥有完整的学科布局、较强的研究队伍、国际一流的实验条件和技术资源。除了“北脑（青年）学者计划”，北京脑科学中心以多种形式开展合作交流，如与首都医科大学宣武医院联合举行的“神脑交汇”青年学者论坛，就加强神经科学临床研究和基础研究结合，展开热烈的讨论。罗敏敏也跟有关专家开展过抗抑郁症药物的研究合作。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">罗敏敏表示，未来要力争把北京脑科学中心建成在科学上有独特发现、在世界上有吸引力的研究机构。“要在重大发现上有所突破，在应用方面有所推动，同时培养一批脑科学和类脑科学优秀人才。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">原文\/谷业凯  《人民日报》<\/span><\/em><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-03-16","description":"首次发现D型丝氨酸对睡眠的调控作用，开发出一套基于腺相关病毒载体的稀疏高亮标记方法，实现全脑范围单神经元完整重构……北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称“北京脑科学中心”）成立近4年来，瞄准国际脑科学研究前沿，集中开展科技攻关，取得了一批重要的原始创新成果。作为一家新型研发机构，北京脑科学中心采取全新的"},{"id":"156","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑中心最新发布：全球类脑智能领域科学计量研究报告（2010-2021年）","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220112\/1641958096773611.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">近日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心正式发布<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《全球类脑智能领域科学计量研究报告（2010-2021年）》<\/strong>，该报告以SCIE和INNOGRAPHY数据库为数据源，通过论文和专利计量，对2010年以来类脑智能领域的总体态势、研发主体和研发内容等进行分析。从时间角度展示类脑智能基础研究和应用开发的总体趋势；从国家和机构角度识别类脑智能研发的优势力量；从高被引论文和高被引专利角度分析类脑智能领域的热点方向。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201127113.jpg\" title=\"202201127113.jpg\" alt=\"图片1.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">该报告是北京脑中心2021年5月启动的<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“国内外脑科学前沿进展研究”<\/strong>课题研究成果之一。课题由科研事务部牵头，组织北京脑中心、部分共建单位专家及国家级科技信息文献研究专业机构对全球脑科学相关计划、重点领域、主要机构、政策法规等开展分析研究，目前已撰写了《美国脑计划实施进展及其特点分析》等<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">7篇研究报告<\/strong>，课题研究仍在推进中。这些研究成果一方面满足中心对接国家脑计划和国家实验室科研管理工作需要，另一方面提交国家科技部、北京市领导及其相关部门科学决策和制定相关政策、规划计划参考。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201123190.png\" title=\"202201123190.png\" alt=\"图片2.png\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">1. <\/span><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《美国脑计划实施进展及其特点分析》<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">主要分析美国脑计划的实施近况、重要节点的发展战略报告，剖析其组织特点，为我国脑计划的实施提供参考借鉴。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201121436.png\" title=\"202201121436.png\" alt=\"图片3.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《DARPA的科研组织方式、管理成效及其在脑科学与类脑领域的布局与启示》<\/strong>系统梳理美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）引领世界科技创新的主要经验做法、重要特征，重点分析其在脑科学与类脑研究领域的布局与启示。<br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201128709.png\" title=\"202201128709.png\" alt=\"图片4.png\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">3. 2021年7月6日，英国政府官方网站发布<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《生命科学愿景：重建更美好未来》<\/strong>，阐述了英国政府未来10年生命科学领域的发展战略。课题组组织对该报告进行编译、分析，报告总结推广英国在新冠肺炎全球大流行中采用学术、资本和国家卫生服务体系数据资源高效整合模式快速推出牛津—阿斯利康疫苗的成功经验，借此提出未来十年生命科学领域的发展重点。课题组还进一步解析了脑科学领域发展重点。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201121941.png\" title=\"202201121941.png\" alt=\"图片11.png\"\/> <img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201121593.jpg\" title=\"202201121593.jpg\" alt=\"图片12.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">4\/5. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《中国脑科学与类脑领域主要研究机构概况》<\/strong>、<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《美国脑科学与类脑研究领域主要研究机构概况》<\/strong>主要介绍中、美两国脑科学与类脑领域研究力量的分布和主要机构概况。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201121295.png\" title=\"202201121295.png\" alt=\"图片9副本.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">6. <strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《全球脑机接口领域科学计量研究报告（2010-2021年）》<\/strong>对脑机接口领域2010年以来的论文和专利进行科学计量学分析，分析其科技发展水平、各个国家的科学研究地位和差异、顶尖机构的分布等。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-01-12","description":"近日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心正式发布《全球类脑智能领域科学计量研究报告（2010-2021年）》，该报告以SCIE和INNOGRAPHY数据库为数据源，通过论文和专利计量，对2010年以来类脑智能领域的总体态势、研发主体和研发内容等进行分析。从时间角度展示类脑智能基础研究和应用开发的总体趋势；从国家和机构角度识别类脑智能研发"},{"id":"155","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑中心召开2021年度专家委员会会议","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20220112\/1641956277394935.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2022年1月5日，在新年来临之际，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心隆重召开<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2021年度专家委员会会议暨北脑（青年）学者、合作研究员授牌及证书颁发仪式<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">专家委员会成员、中科院院士强伯勤教授、中科院院士赵继宗教授、中科院院士王以政研究员、北京师范大学校长董奇教授、原军事医学科学院范明研究员、中国科学院自动化研究所所长徐波研究员等专家以及首都医科大学附属北京安定医院王刚院长、首都医科大学宣武医院郝峻巍副院长、首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院王伊龙副院长出席会议。会议由北京脑中心联合主任饶毅教授主持。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201121925.jpg\" title=\"202201121925.jpg\" alt=\"合影.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><section style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑中心联合主任罗敏敏教授向专家委员会汇报中心建设进展及下一步工作考虑。专家委员会委员对中心建设取得的成绩给予了充分肯定，随后，各位委员热烈讨论、积极献策，从中心发展定位、人才引进与培养、对外合作、对接国家脑计划等多个方面提出了诸多重要而务实的发展意见和建议，希望北京脑中心下一步要立足发展优势，加强与国内外优势单位合作，产出更多原创性前沿成果，为国家脑科学与类脑发展广纳人才、培养人才。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201121837.jpg\" title=\"202201121837.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220106143335.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">2021年北脑（青年）学者授牌仪式<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑中心罗敏敏主任为来自中国科学院、北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学和首都医科大学的北脑（青年）学者代表授牌，并为第三批13位合作研究员颁发证书。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201122137.jpg\" title=\"202201122137.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220106142859.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20220112\/202201121981.jpg\" title=\"202201121981.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20220106142813.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">第三批合作研究员聘书颁发仪式<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 16px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">背景资料<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑中心于2020年5月启动实施<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“科研开放合作计划”<\/strong>，2021年是该计划实施的第二年，本年度该计划创新人才项目包括北脑学者和北脑青年学者，主要围绕类脑智能和脑机接口领域，汇聚北京地区的优秀与青年创新人才，联合共建单位为该领域技术突破构建优秀和稳定的人才队伍。经过推荐申报、形式审查、专家评审、主任办公会审议、公示等环节，确定10位北京科学家入选2021年度北脑学者、北脑青年学者，北脑（青年）学者累计达50人。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">该计划科研合作项目旨在支持各共建单位、市属优势单位与北京脑中心联合，通过优势互补、学科交叉，共同开展科研攻关，本次分两批立项支持12个合作项目，共13位项目负责人获聘北京脑中心“合作研究员”，合作研究员累计达80人。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2022-01-07","description":"2022年1月5日，在新年来临之际，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心隆重召开2021年度专家委员会会议暨北脑（青年）学者、合作研究员授牌及证书颁发仪式。专家委员会成员、中科院院士强伯勤教授、中科院院士赵继宗教授、中科院院士王以政研究员、北京师范大学校长董奇教授、原军事医学科学院范明研究员、中国科学院自动化研究所所长徐"},{"id":"152","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"第二届“京沈脑科学论坛”圆满落幕","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20211222\/1640136982554655.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112227332.jpg\" title=\"202112227332.jpg\" alt=\"论坛抬头.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2021年12月18日，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/strong>（以下简称：北京脑中心）与<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">中国医科大学附属第一医院<\/strong>联合举办的<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">第二届“京沈脑科学论坛”<\/strong>在线上成功召开。北京脑中心、中国医科大学、北京师范大学、首都医科大学、中科院沈阳自动化所、大连理工大学等20位脑科学与脑疾病相关专家相聚“云端”，一同分享了关于<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">神经科学、脑肿瘤、神经退行性疾病等领域<\/strong>的前沿进展，超过10000人在线观看。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑中心联合主任罗敏敏教授<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">出席致辞，他指出“京沈脑科学论坛”是推动北京和沈阳两地学者在脑科学领域深入交流与合作的重要举措，2020年的首届京沈论坛使两地科学家交流更加紧密，合作更加深入，截至目前北京脑中心已有3位PI与中国医科大学的科学家们围绕脑肿瘤相关领域开展了系列联合攻关。北京脑中心十分重视与各地基础、临床、类脑研究等优势单位的交流与合作，希望与沈阳方面优势互补，增进交流，一同推动我国脑计划实施和脑科学的发展。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112221186.png\" title=\"202112221186.png\" alt=\"罗敏敏致辞.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">罗敏敏主任致辞<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">辽宁省科技厅王学来厅长<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">出席致辞，他指出脑科学是国家科技发展的重大战略方向，是辽宁省科学技术新升级的重要着力点，辽宁省在脑科学及相关应用领域具有鲜明的特点，并组建了以吴安华教授为代表的辽宁省脑计划团队，省科技厅将坚定不移地支持与北京脑中心建立高水准科技合作，依托我省在临床医学、智能制造、材料化工等领域的学科优势，融入国家重大脑计划项目，贡献辽宁智慧力量。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112221870.png\" title=\"202112221870.png\" alt=\"王学来厅长致辞.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">王学来厅长致辞<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑中心<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">陈坚研究员<\/strong>出席主持了论坛，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">高级研究员戈鹉平、赵瑚，研究员孙文智、崔再续<\/strong>同京沈两地共13位专家就脑疾病新型诊疗技术、智慧医疗、神经科学等方面研究成果进行了精彩的报告，并就部分热点问题与参会代表进行了深入的交流。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112222658.png\" title=\"202112222658.png\" alt=\"陈坚主持.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112222081.png\" title=\"202112222081.png\" alt=\"戈鹉平.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112221251.png\" title=\"202112221251.png\" alt=\"赵瑚.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112228057.png\" title=\"202112228057.png\" alt=\"孙文智.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211222\/202112229071.png\" title=\"202112229071.png\" alt=\"崔再续.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">本次论坛的召开，为京沈两地的科研工作者、临床医生、学生等学者搭建一个聚焦前沿、专业深入、长期稳定的交流学习平台，同时也为京沈两地脑科学合作研究提供了新的契机！<\/span><\/p><div><br\/><\/div>","date":"2021-12-22","description":"2021年12月18日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称：北京脑中心）与中国医科大学附属第一医院联合举办的第二届“京沈脑科学论坛”在线上成功召开。北京脑中心、中国医科大学、北京师范大学、首都医科大学、中科院沈阳自动化所、大连理工大学等20位脑科学与脑疾病相关专家相聚“云端”，一同分享了关于神经科学、脑肿瘤、"},{"id":"150","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"光明日报聚焦北京新型研发机构：如何让“千里马”竞相奔腾？","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20211213\/1639391059210881.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">导语<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">被国务院点名表扬的“新型研发机构”，到底新在哪里？是怎样激发人才创新活力的？有何示范意义？12月12日，《光明日报》刊登报道了<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">《新型研发机构：如何让“千里马”竞相奔腾》<\/strong>，全文如下，一起来了解。<\/em><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211213\/202112131296.jpg\" title=\"202112131296.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211213083424.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">什么是新型研发机构？对大多数人来说，恐怕还不是很清楚。但它的蓬勃生命力已不容忽视。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">日前，国务院办公厅发布通报，对国务院第八次大督查发现的48项典型经验做法给予表扬，其中北京有3项典型经验做法入选，建立完善“五新”机制高标准建设新型研发机构，就是其中之一。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">被国务院点名表扬的“新型研发机构”，到底新在哪里？是怎样激发人才创新活力的？有何示范意义？记者走访了中关村国家自主创新示范区的几家新型研发机构。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 18px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">让科学家享受科研乐趣<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2021年9月29日，北京量子信息科学研究院研究员常凯等在《科学》杂志上发文报道对单层三氯化铬材料的最新研究进展。这意味着，我国学者在量子芯片材料研究方面又率先有了新突破。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2019年，在被誉为“诺奖摇篮”的德国马普研究所做完博士后研究后，常凯抱着为祖国量子科学研究作一番贡献的雄心，来到北京量子信息科学研究院，组建低维量子材料团队。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211213\/202112131783.jpg\" title=\"202112131783.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211213083522.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">量子院科研人员在调试设备。资料图片<\/span><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">近年来，北京把新型研发机构建设作为加强高水平人才高地建设的平台和抓手，相继布局和培育了北京量子信息科学研究院（简称“量子院”）、<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（简称“脑科学中心”）<\/strong>、北京干细胞与再生医学研究院（简称“干细胞研究院”）等一批高水平国际化的新型研发机构，在深化人才发展体制机制改革方面做出有益探索。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">量子科技是当今物理科研的前沿和热点，在世界范围内发展日新月异。“在这个领域做研究，天天都在想如何与国际同行争夺科研制高点。”常凯说，“好在量子院有稳定的经费支持、宽松的学术氛围，而且行政效率非常高。在这里工作，真正让做科研成为一种享受和乐趣。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">成立于2017年12月的北京量子信息科学研究院，是由北京市政府联合中科院、北大、清华等多家顶尖学术单位共同建设的新型研发机构。“量子院把传统科研机构的优势与新型研发机构的优势相结合，打造了一个产学研全链条畅通的科研平台。”量子院技术与产业开发中心兼聘研究员、清华大学工程物理系教授鲁巍说。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“我们着力打造一个环境，就是让科学家心无旁骛做科研。”量子院院长助理张硕介绍，量子院等新型研发机构在体制机制创新上，进行了一些突破性探索，概括起来讲就是“三无三有”，“三无”即无机构规格、无人员编制、无按“人头”分配的经费预算，“三有”是指对科研方向确立、科研团队组建、科研经费使用有自主权，同时积极探索财政经费负面清单。她说：“在此基础上，量子院探索打破研究单位之间、研究与产业之间、学科之间的‘高墙’，希望实现科研高地、人才高地、体制机制高地三位一体，从而激发最大的生产力。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 18px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为闯“无人区”者保驾护航<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">脑科学中心<\/strong>有很好的机制和氛围，支持科学家自由闯入‘无人区’，做很有意思的科研，这对我有莫大的吸引力。”脑科学中心资深研究员马继延说。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211213\/202112131287.jpg\" title=\"202112131287.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211213083634.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">脑科学中心科研人员在进行实验。资料图片<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2021年6月，在海外工作生活24年的马继延，全职回国，来到脑科学中心，全心投入对蛋白质错误折叠与神经退行性疾病的研究。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“老年痴呆和帕金森病在老年群体中多有发生，日益老龄化的社会迫切需要我们对此进行深入研究。”马继延表示，“我们的目标是尽快开发出有效的预防、诊断和治疗手段。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">脑科学中心行政副主任张泽工介绍，北京的新型研发机构，生动体现了“放管服”改革的持续深化，在机制创新上体现出“五新”：实行新的运行体制、新的财政支持政策、新的绩效评价机制、新的知识产权激励、新的固定资产管理方式。<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“新型研发机构提倡的是以科学家为中心，是‘科研特区’，是对传统的有益补充。”张泽工强调，“<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">脑科学中心最重要的工作出发点是科学探索，怎么有利于科研，就怎么去做。<\/strong>”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">脑科学中心建设了完善的技术辅助体系。<\/strong>”脑科学中心载体工程中心主任赵非介绍，“比如我们团队以病毒作为载体工具，把目的基因送到实验动物的特定细胞中去，从而开展对神经机制或疾病机理的研究。像我们这样的辅助平台在脑中心已经有10个。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">为什么不依托市场或者实验室自己完成相关工作呢？<\/strong><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">赵非说：“首先可以避免设施和人员的重复设置，我们统一提供的服务更便宜、更快捷。更重要的是，各部门之间可以就特殊需求随时沟通讨论，多学科交叉的氛围更能激发科研灵感。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">曾在传统科研机构工作多年的赵非说：“<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">新型研发机构除了在科研方面给予宽松环境外，还让科研人员摆脱科研经费这道‘紧箍咒’<\/strong>，既不用每年绞尽脑汁去申请经费，也不用小心翼翼算计如何按计划花钱。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“科研是一个不断试错、不断尝试的过程。”张泽工说，脑科学中心致力于构建一个开放创新的人才生态，为科学家松绑解压，不负春天所赐，不误春天所期，力争在脑科学与类脑科学研究领域实现前沿技术突破。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211213\/202112137030.jpg\" title=\"202112137030.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211213083836.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">科技创新要勇闯“无人区”。光明图片\/视觉中国<br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 18px;\"><strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">激发并凝聚科学家精神 <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">干细胞研究院双聘研究员、中国科学院动物研究所研究员王金勇原本在广东省广州市拥有优渥的工作生活条件。但他心底一直有一个声音：“我国在细胞治疗领域的底层核心技术上非常缺乏，导致进口药物总是报出天价，突破西方‘卡脖子’技术，让老百姓能用上我国自主研发的细胞药物，是我们这一代科学家的使命。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211213\/202112131901.jpg\" title=\"202112131901.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211213083953.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">干细胞研究院科研人员在工作。资料图片<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“细胞治疗是国际前沿科技，需要具备一定软硬件平台条件才能实现。”经过多方考察，王金勇认为，干细胞研究院是一个能让自己和团队更快更好地实现科研目标的地方。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">使命召唤，一切困难都不是问题。2021年7月，主动降薪，放弃百万元级个人现金奖励，王金勇举家搬迁，从广州来到北京，组建血液与免疫细胞再生技术平台。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“我很喜欢干细胞研究院的氛围，科学家精神特别浓，大家都有科技报国的情怀，团结协作、不计较个人利益和得失。”王金勇说得恳切，“在这里，我获得了认同感、找到了归属感。”<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“与传统科研院所最大的不同，是我们打造了一支专业化、全链条的人才支持体系。”干细胞研究院院长助理林宇介绍，在干细胞研究院，除了有一流的硬件配套设施外，还有常驻企业家、知识产权团队、转化孵育团队等完善的科研支撑力量。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">被定性为新型研发机构，干细胞研究院营造了一个不问出身、不问年龄、同台竞技、激发创新的科研环境。2021年6月，干细胞研究院首届“致一研究员”评审结果揭晓。作为5名入选者之一的彭耀进，并不是一名传统意义上从事生命科学研究的科学家，主要从事生命科技法律与伦理、知识产权与标准的研究。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">身为研究院商务法务平台主任、伦理中心主任，彭耀进带领团队围绕生命科技领域伦理、法律及社会等问题，深度融入前沿生物医学团队，作出跨领域、多学科交叉前瞻研判，不仅填补了研究院的空白，也推动了国内该领域的高质量发展。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“我们主要是研究生命科学领域的创新制度，通过制度创新、立法，保驾护航技术进步。”彭耀进介绍，在工作中他还发现，很多科研人员在论文发表前甚至发表后才想起来申请专利，这就导致专利保护范围很小或者没有得到保护等情况的出现。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“我们采用嵌入式研究模式，在科学家得到数据时就介入进去，告诉他们哪些可以申请专利，并进行全球专利布局。”彭耀进说，专利价值得到完整保护，这也让科学家和转化企业的权益得到切实保障。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“新型研发机构集科研、教育、产业、资本于一体，通过一系列体制机制创新，开展先行先试，成功激发和凝聚科学家精神，让‘千里马’竞相奔腾，为北京建设高水平人才高地持续提供着澎湃动能。”中国人事科学研究院副院长柳学智认为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211213\/202112131538.jpg\" title=\"202112131538.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211213084051.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">中关村智造大街。新华社发<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: right; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 12px;\">文章内容源《光明日报》<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2021-12-13","description":"导语被国务院点名表扬的“新型研发机构”，到底新在哪里？是怎样激发人才创新活力的？有何示范意义？12月12日，《光明日报》刊登报道了《新型研发机构：如何让“千里马”竞相奔腾》，全文如下，一起来了解。什么是新型研发机构？对大多数人来说，恐怕还不是很清楚。但它的蓬勃生命力已不容忽视。日前，国务院办公厅发布通报"},{"id":"149","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"孙文智\/胡霁\/汪小京团队揭示延迟满足的神经基础","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20211203\/1638522071523264.png","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">导语<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">20世纪60-70年代，斯坦福大学心理学家瓦尔特•米舍尔团队进行了一系列有关自制力的心理学实验，其中包括著名的棉花糖实验，得出结论：“能为偏爱的奖励坚持忍耐更长时间的小孩通常具有更好的人生表现。”“培养孩子的延迟满足能力”的教育理念也因此流传甚广。但学界对此争议不断，认为实验不够严谨，结论一度被推翻。<\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">心理学实验结果实际上受到多种社会条件的综合影响，我们更想了解的是，这一切的神经基础是什么？面对“糖”（奖励），大脑发生了怎样的“内部活动”？<\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2021年12月1日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心孙文智团队，上海科技大学胡霁团队和纽约大学汪小京团队在国际期刊Science Advances在线发表题为“The neural basis of delayed gratification“的研究论文，<strong>揭示了VTA多巴胺能神经元在延迟满足这一心理过程中的神经基础，为提高自控能力和治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍提供了一定的思路<\/strong>。<\/span><\/em><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">平衡即时满足（instant gratification）与延迟满足(delayed gratification)，对于优化个体的生存和繁殖至关重要。反复暴露于即时满足会破坏这个平衡，从而引起冲动的决定，甚至诱发一些疾病，比如成瘾、肥胖以及注意力缺陷综合症等。延迟满足是平衡延迟与显著奖励的心理过程，往往体现了个体的耐心、毅力还有自控能力。自20世纪60到70年代，斯坦福大学心理学家瓦尔特•米舍尔(Walter Mischel)开展棉花糖实验以来，科学家们通过人类心理和大脑活动的监测以及动物模型对延迟满足进行了很长时间的研究，但对其神经基础所知甚少。<\/span><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211203\/202112031007.png\" title=\"202112031007.png\" alt=\"图片1.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京时间2021年12月1日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<strong>孙文智<\/strong>团队，上海科技大学<strong>胡霁<\/strong>团队和纽约大学<strong>汪小京<\/strong>团队在国际期刊<em><strong>Science Advances<\/strong><\/em>在线发表题为“<strong>The neural basis of delayed gratification<\/strong>“的研究论文，揭示了中脑腹侧被盖区（ventral tegmental area，VTA）多巴胺能（Dopaminergic，DAergic）神经元在延迟满足中的神经基础。该研究通过训练小鼠执行延迟满足任务，并结合光纤记录、单细胞在体电生理记录、光遗传学和强化学习模型等方法发现<strong>（1）中脑腹侧被盖区多巴胺能神经元在小鼠等待期间缓慢增加的活动模式编码了延迟满足中等待的价值；（2）延迟满足的决策过程需要进行实时思考<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211203\/202112034822.png\" title=\"202112034822.png\" alt=\"图片2.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图1：光纤记录与VTA多巴胺能神经元在小鼠等待期间的钙活动变化<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">首先，研究者训练小鼠学会执行正常的觅食任务和新颖的延迟满足任务，其中小鼠在等待区的等待时间（waiting duration）以及随后的跑动时间(running duration)分别被用来评判小鼠执行任务的好坏和积极性。经过一个月的训练，小鼠都能很好的执行延迟满足任务，即<strong>学会了通过等待更长时间来获得更大的奖励<\/strong>。训练的同时，研究者通过光纤记录的方式结合Dat-Cre小鼠特异性的记录了VTA多巴胺能神经元的钙活动变化。对不同等待时长的钙信号进行统计分析后，他们发现<strong>小鼠延迟满足等待期间VTA多巴胺能神经元的钙活动以相对稳定的趋势缓慢上升<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在体单细胞电生理记录结果进一步表明，VTA多巴胺能神经元的放电频率在一定程度也表现出缓慢上升的特征。研究者通对这些神经元的放电进行卷积计算，模拟了这些神经元的钙活动变化，结果发现模拟出来的钙活动和光纤记录的钙活动高度一致。他们认为，<strong>延迟满足期间VTA多巴胺能神经元的高频放电维持了小鼠的等待行为<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211203\/202112031369.png\" title=\"202112031369.png\" alt=\"图片3.png\"\/><\/p><p><section><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图2：光遗传操控显著改变了小鼠的等待行为<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">那么，改变VTA多巴胺能神经元的放电模式是否会影响小鼠的等待行为呢？为了验证这个问题，研究者在小鼠执行延迟满足任务的等待期间以20%的概率对VTA多巴胺能神经元的活动进行了光遗传操控，结果发现<strong>激活多巴胺能神经元只会使激活对应试验的小鼠等待时间显著延长，而抑制则会表现出相反的结果<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211203\/202112031834.png\" title=\"202112031834.png\" alt=\"图片4.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图3：强化学习模型示意以及模型对实验数据的模拟预测<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">小鼠在延迟满足任务中的什么时候进行决策，以及等待过程中缓慢上升的多巴胺能神经活动到底编码了什么？为了回答以上的问题，研究者分别建立了两种强化学习模型：预先决定（decision ahead）和连续思考（continuous deliberation）来分别对动物行为实验、光纤记录实验以及光遗传实验的数据进行预测模拟，结果显示<strong>连续思考<\/strong>的强化学习模型模拟的结果与实验数据更加吻合，提示<strong>等待期间缓慢上升的多巴胺能活动编码了延迟满足等待的价值，并进一步揭示延迟满足的决策是一个实时思考的过程<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211203\/202112032163.png\" title=\"202112032163.png\" alt=\"图片5.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">图4：等待期间VTA的多巴胺能神经活动预测了小鼠的行为表现<\/span><\/p><p><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">最后，研究者通过对小鼠的等待时间和VTA多巴胺能神经元钙活动的进一步分析发现，当前状态下多巴胺能活动的强弱只会影响一下刻小鼠的等待行为，一定程度上VTA多巴胺能神经元活活动越强小鼠的等待概率也越高，这一点与光遗传结果是一致的，研究者从<strong>小鼠自身角度揭示了VTA多巴胺能神经元在延迟满足中发挥的作用<\/strong>。（图4）<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">该研究从新颖的行为学范式开始，结合各种神经元活动记录和操控手段，最后通过强化学习模型和数据分析，揭示了VTA多巴胺能神经元在延迟满足这一心理过程中的神经基础，为提高自控能力和治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍提供了一定的思路。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p><section><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<strong>孙文智<\/strong>研究员、上海科技大学生命科学与技术学院<strong>胡霁<\/strong>研究员与纽约大学神经科学中心<strong>汪小京<\/strong>教授为本文的共同通讯作者。北京脑科学与类脑研究中心&北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院联合培养的博士后<strong>高子龙<\/strong>以及清华大学本科生（时为纽约大学交流生，现为约翰霍普金斯大学博士生）<strong>王汉青<\/strong>为本文的共同第一作者。上海科技大学的博士生<strong>卢琛<\/strong>，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心博士生<strong>卢铁湛<\/strong>，汪小京的博士后<strong>Sean Froudist-Walsh<\/strong>，以及上海科技大学的<strong>陈明<\/strong>副研究员也在其中做出了重要贡献。本研究的在体单细胞记录受到了北京生命科学研究所<strong>卢立辉<\/strong>博士后的指导。该研究主要受国家自然基金和上海市浦江人才计划的支持。本研究还得到了北京脑科学与类脑研究中心的饶毅教授，罗敏敏教授和戈鹉平高级研究员，华中科技大学的周伟副教授，上海脑科学与类脑研究中心的闵斌研究员的大力支持，以及上海科技大学生命科学与技术学院分子影像中心平台的服务。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2021-12-03","description":"导语20世纪60-70年代，斯坦福大学心理学家瓦尔特•米舍尔团队进行了一系列有关自制力的心理学实验，其中包括著名的棉花糖实验，得出结论：“能为偏爱的奖励坚持忍耐更长时间的小孩通常具有更好的人生表现。”“培养孩子的延迟满足能力”的教育理念也因此流传甚广。但学界对此争议不断，认为实验不够严谨，结论一度被推翻。心"},{"id":"148","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北青报对话罗敏敏：怎样理解勇闯科研创新“无人区”？","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20211126\/1637893041695568.jpg","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">11月24日，《北京市“十四五”时期国际科技创新中心建设规划》发布，其中多次提及支持科学家勇闯创新“无人区”、发现和培养一批敢闯“无人区”的青年人才。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">如何发现和支持科学家，尤其是青年科学家勇闯科研和创新的“无人区”？北京青年报记者就此采访了<strong>北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主任、特聘研究员，北京生命科学研究所资深研究员，清华大学教授罗敏敏<\/strong>。<\/span><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211126\/202111261723.jpg\" title=\"202111261723.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211125102219.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京青年报记者：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在您看来，什么样的领域算科学“无人区”？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">罗敏敏研究员：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">以脑科学领域为例，里面到处都是重要而且没有解决的问题。大到意识、情绪、决策、社会行为，小到睡眠觉醒、进食、体温调节、感知觉，具体的神经环路机制、分子细胞机制、神经计算原则，这些目前基本都是不清楚的。更别说许多神经精神疾病，科学界仍然束手无策。脑科学不缺问题，缺的是解决问题的方法。真正把任何一个事情搞清楚，即便看起来不是特别高大上的问题，也很了不起。比如今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，就颁发给了发现机械感受和温度感受蛋白分子的两位科学家。所以所谓闯“无人区”，是要勇于去解决未知问题，而且要有决心在自己手里把问题搞清楚，不要人云亦云。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京青年报记者：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">让科学家去研究完全未知的领域，肯定比研究有一定基础的领域要难得多，您认为怎样才能让科学家，尤其是青年科学家勇闯“无人区”？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">罗敏敏研究员：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">怎么鼓励年轻人去研究未知的、重要的问题?一是硬件，二是软件。硬件方面，肯定要给予稳定的经费支持，提供强大的技术支撑，能够组建包括学生、技术员、博士后等在内的优秀团队，这些都很重要。软件方面，要鼓励创新和合作，具有批评和自我批评、不怕失败的团队文化。在评估体系上，不要追求短期成果，在国际范围内做评估。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">一个制度要鼓励创新，除了硬件和软件的支撑，还应该允许失败，不要急于求成。这些年科技界建立起来的PI制，也就是独立研究员制，在生物医学领域被证明是有效的，不要轻易放弃。近年开始流行大团队攻关，在我看来更适合工程类项目，在生物医学领域当然有重要性，但是真正原创性的发现，还有赖于充分利用年轻人的创造性。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京青年报记者：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心在上述硬件和软件方面是怎么做的呢？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">罗敏敏研究员：<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">脑中心在硬件方面，给年轻研究员提供稳定支持，让他们开始阶段几年都不需要花时间申请经费。我们建设了世界水平的公共技术平台，包含脑科学研究的主要最新技术，这样年轻的研究员可以充分整合利用最强大的技术，集中力量去解决科学问题。我们也和国内六所一流高校合作招生，并且联合培养博士后，帮助科研人员组建一流团队。我们行政团队也以服务为主，努力解决生活及后勤方面的问题。软件方面，我们5-6年才实行一次真正的评估，不搞年度公分计算，没有论文方面的硬指标。评估是国际化的，请国际一流专家来评估。我们的研究员也是国际化的，包括不少非华裔科学家。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">颠覆性的科研，往往需要脱离原有的思维模式。这样的发现，一般依赖于跨学科跨技术的合作。一个研究所，甚至是一个课题组，需要有多学科人才。另外就是在评估方面，鼓励合作，不追求单一单位单一课题组，关键是把事情做出来。比如，脑中心对于论文署名没有要求，不一定非要第一单位，关键是有发现，真正解决问题。<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Ubuntu, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", "Source Han Sans CN"; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">文\/北京青年报 雷嘉<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2021-11-26","description":"11月24日，《北京市“十四五”时期国际科技创新中心建设规划》发布，其中多次提及支持科学家勇闯创新“无人区”、发现和培养一批敢闯“无人区”的青年人才。如何发现和支持科学家，尤其是青年科学家勇闯科研和创新的“无人区”？北京青年报记者就此采访了北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合主任、特聘研究员，北京生命科学研究所"},{"id":"146","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"2021年度北脑学者、北脑青年学者入选人员名单公布","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20211105\/1636097213187125.jpg","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心2021年8月启动“科研开放合作计划创新人才项目”——2021年度北脑（青年）学者的组织推荐工作，主要聚焦类脑智能及脑机接口领域，经推荐申报、形式审查、专家评审、主任办公会审批、公示等环节，现将最终入选人员名单通知如下：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">一、北脑学者入选人员名单<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr class=\"firstRow\"><td width=\"75\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">序号<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">姓名<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">单位<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">1<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">王毅军<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">中国科学院半导体研究所<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">胡晓林<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">清华大学<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">3<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">刘  昱<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">中科院微电子研究所<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">4<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">斯白露<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">北京师范大学<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">5<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">郝峻巍<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">首都医科大学<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">6<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">王文旭<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">北京师范大学<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">二、北脑青年学者入选人员名单<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr class=\"firstRow\"><td width=\"75\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">序号<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">姓名<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">单位<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">1<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">黄芊芊<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">北京大学<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">邓  磊<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">清华大学<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75\" style=\"border-right: 1px solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-left: 1px solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-top: none; padding: 0px 7px; word-break: break-all;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">3<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"100\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">杨  艺<\/span><\/p><\/td><td width=\"327\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1px solid windowtext; border-right: 1px solid windowtext; padding: 0px 7px;\"><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">首都医科大学<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">按照《北京脑科学与类脑研究中心创新人才、共建平台及科研合作项目管理办法》的规定，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心将与各入选人员及其所在单位在友好协商的基础上签订双聘研究员\/青年研究员协议。合作各方将本着优势互补、合作共赢的原则，在学术交流、科研合作、人才培养等方面开展深入交流和密切合作，共同推进北京脑科学与类脑研究的创新发展，为国家科技创新2030-“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目的实施贡献北京力量。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: right;\">  <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">                北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">                  2021年11月5日<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2020年名单回顾：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/DOx9Uz9PVrIBMci1zN6YWg\">https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/DOx9Uz9PVrIBMci1zN6YWg<\/a> <\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"><br\/><\/strong><\/p>","date":"2021-11-05","description":"北京脑科学与类脑研究中心2021年8月启动“科研开放合作计划创新人才项目”——2021年度北脑（青年）学者的组织推荐工作，主要聚焦类脑智能及脑机接口领域，经推荐申报、形式审查、专家评审、主任办公会审批、公示等环节，现将最终入选人员名单通知如下：一、北脑学者入选人员名单序号姓名单位1王毅军中国科学院半导体研究所"},{"id":"143","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑中心博士后科研工作站获批独立招收资格","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20211028\/1635400072998235.jpg","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20211028\/202110284999.jpg\" title=\"202110284999.jpg\" alt=\"微信图片_20211027081725.jpg\"\/><\/p><section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">近日，经全国博士后管委会批复同意，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称“北京脑中心”）博士后科研工作站获批独立招收博士后研究人员资格。这是北京脑中心博士后工作站获批成立之后，在博士后建设上取得的又一项重要突破。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><p><\/p><section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">根据《国务院办公厅关于改革完善博士后制度的意见》等相关规定，博士后工作站一般应与博士后流动站联合培养博士后，仅少数学术研究实力雄厚、博士后工作成效突出且具备独立培养博士后能力的工作站，经申请获批后方可单独招收博士后。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">此次成功获批体现了全国博士后管委会、北京市人力资源与社会保障局对脑中心博士后培养工作的高度肯定。同时，北京脑中心博士后招收的主动性、自主性、针对性得到进一步增强，有利于我中心引进高层次人才、凝聚人才队伍、优化人才结构，对推动北京脑中心各项事业发展具有重大而深远的意义。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><p><\/p><section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2018年10月，北京脑中心成立仅半年即正式获批设立博士后科研工作站，成为北京市新型研发机构中第一个获批博士后科研工作站的单位。自设站以来，中心领导高度重视博士后工作，依靠博士后科研工作站以“更积极、更开放、更有效”的态度吸引高层次青年创新人才，在人力、物力、政策上向博士后人才倾斜。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2019年5月、7月分别与北京大学、清华大学联合招收博士后，至今共招收29名博士后，招收的博士后均为国内外一流高校毕业博士生（其中含1名外籍）。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2020年4月，中心结合自身实际，探索建立“自招博士后”机制，参照国家招收入站博士后条件和要求，至今成功引进自招博士后5名，均为国内外一流高校毕业博士生（含外籍1名）。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><p><\/p><section><section><section><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(192, 0, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2020年9月首批博士后完成中期考核，2021年6月3位博士后出站，顺利完成博士后培养全流程。<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">如果你要加入我们请联系我们吧↓↓↓<\/span><\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑中心博士后科研工作站2021年招聘启事<\/span><p style=\"line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/FW42XoZGg5gm7bbCKmPYag<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><p><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2021-10-28","description":"近日，经全国博士后管委会批复同意，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称“北京脑中心”）博士后科研工作站获批独立招收博士后研究人员资格。这是北京脑中心博士后工作站获批成立之后，在博士后建设上取得的又一项重要突破。根据《国务院办公厅关于改革完善博士后制度的意见》等相关规定，博士后工作站一般应与博士后流动站"},{"id":"141","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"第二届前沿交叉优秀博士后论坛成功举办","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20210929\/1632885658942939.jpg","content":"<p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">2021年9月26日，<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">“第二届前沿交叉优秀博士后论坛”<\/strong>在中关村生命科学园成功召开。本届论坛由<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院、生命科学联合中心、北京脑科学与类脑研究中心<\/strong>联合组织承办，并与<strong style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">全国前沿交叉研究院院长联席会年会<\/strong>全面合作，作为联席会年会分论坛举行。北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院生命科学联合中心博士后委员会主任邹鹏教授致开幕辞，清华大学医学院祁海教授及北京大学未来技术学院刘颖教授分别做特邀专家报告，北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院副院长王初教授致闭幕辞。北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院博士后覃朗、生命科学联合中心博士后王伦、李晴晴和徐群分别主持论坛开幕式、大会报告圆桌论坛和博士后主题报告。来自全国各地的学者、博士后、博士生等200余人参加本次论坛，约3000人次通过网络视频直播参加了论坛活动。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109295533.jpg\" title=\"202109295533.jpg\" alt=\"b.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">邹鹏教授致开幕辞<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在专家报告中，祁海教授以“抗体亲和成熟，在混乱中构建秩序”为题，讲述了他领导的课题组近年来在抗体免疫应答中的部分原创性研究工作，揭示了一系列调控GC(Germinal center，生发中心)亲和力成熟的关键分子，另外，他的团队还揭示了趋化因子CCL22分子促进高亲和力抗体产生的新机制；这些研究都为未来改进疫苗研发、免疫治疗等提供了潜在新靶点与新思路。刘颖教授以“氨基酸感应与mTOR信号通路的调控”为题，讲述了她领导的课题组近期发表的一个重要的工作，一个全新的亮氨酸受体蛋白SAR1B 的发现过程，其与之前发现的亮氨酸受体蛋白的精细差异及其通过mTORC1调控非小细胞肺癌发生的机制等，并指出该工作得益于学科的交叉。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109295804.jpg\" title=\"202109295804.jpg\" alt=\"c.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">祁海教授作报告<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109294716.jpg\" title=\"202109294716.jpg\" alt=\"d.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">刘颖教授作报告<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在博士后职业生涯发展圆桌会议中，博士后委员会邹鹏、陈坚、何爱彬、宋艳、宋晨、王伟、周阳7位专家就学术研究经验、职业发展经验、女性科学家的困扰、学术道德等议题与现场的博士后们展开了深入的交流。老师们觉得，在职业生涯的发展中，平台的选择，角色的转换，时间的管理，家庭的支持，是否遵从内心真实的选择等因素都对个人的发展至关重要。另外，在学术研究中，不仅需要对实验的数据和方法如实、及时的记录以保证实验结果的可重复性；在对实验数据的处理和分析中，也要选用科学合理、规范得当的方法。此外，博士后们也分享了一些个人体会，生命科学-交叉学科充满了各种机会和可能性，可以根据自身实际情况走适合自己的路，如果有热情、懂得专注当下，很多职业道路都大有可为。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109299981.jpg\" title=\"202109299981.jpg\" alt=\"CZ8A10271.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">圆桌会议环节<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109292146.jpg\" title=\"202109292146.jpg\" alt=\"f.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109291299.jpg\" title=\"202109291299.jpg\" alt=\"g.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">现场互动提问<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">在博士后主题报告和墙报展中，博士后们互相分享了最新的研究进展。虽然大家的领域可能不是直接相关，但“自然界的现象并不是按照学科分的”，“实际上的很多问题都不是一个学科能够解决的”。大家精彩纷呈的报告和墙报，充分展示了交叉学科在生命科学研究中“问题-解决（problem-solving）”式的创新模式，高度契合了本届论坛 “交叉引领，创新驱动，共话未来”的主题和“交叉、融合、创新”的理念。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109291680.jpg\" title=\"202109291680.jpg\" alt=\"h.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109294410.jpg\" title=\"202109294410.jpg\" alt=\"i.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">博士后主题报告<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109295825.jpg\" title=\"202109295825.jpg\" alt=\"j.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109291983.jpg\" title=\"202109291983.jpg\" alt=\"k.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">墙报交流环节<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109293092.jpg\" title=\"202109293092.jpg\" alt=\"l.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">王初教授致闭幕辞<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">最后，通过专家评选，武照伐、范楚珧、刘思杰3位博士后获得“优秀报告奖”，吉子龙、宋天佳、彭晓红、张伟、董辉、王伦、赵帅7位博士后获得“优秀墙报奖”，与会专家为获奖者颁发了荣誉证书。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109291001.jpg\" title=\"202109291001.jpg\" alt=\"m.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">优秀报告奖颁奖合影<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109299213.jpg\" title=\"202109299213.jpg\" alt=\"n.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">优秀墙报奖颁奖合影<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">感谢所有在策划、宣传、筹备等过程对“第二届前沿交叉优秀博士后论坛”给予支持和帮助的专家、博士后和工作人员。前沿交叉优秀博士后论坛为青年学者提供了学术交流与合作的平台，更好地促进了学科交叉融合、激发了博士后的创新思维、拓宽了博士后的学术视野。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109294689.jpg\" title=\"202109294689.jpg\" alt=\"o.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">大会合影<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210929\/202109291104.jpg\" title=\"202109291104.jpg\" alt=\"p.jpg\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.2px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">博士后委员会专家及会务组合影<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2021-09-29","description":"2021年9月26日，“第二届前沿交叉优秀博士后论坛”在中关村生命科学园成功召开。本届论坛由北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院、生命科学联合中心、北京脑科学与类脑研究中心联合组织承办，并与全国前沿交叉研究院院长联席会年会全面合作，作为联席会年会分论坛举行。北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院生命科学联合中心博士后委员会主任邹"},{"id":"140","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"北京脑中心举行2021级开学典礼","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20210913\/1631512220592833.jpg","content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">又到了一年中最好的季节，天高气爽、微风习习，9月3日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称北京脑中心）全体老师、2021级31名新晋博士生，以及博士后代表济济一堂，举办了开学典礼。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109131826.jpg\" title=\"202109131826.jpg\" alt=\"1.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在嘹亮而庄严的奏唱国歌后，北京脑中心联合主任饶毅致辞。饶老师今年鼓励脑中心成为生命科学，至少是神经科学的领先研究机构。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109131676.jpg\" title=\"202109131676.jpg\" alt=\"rao.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">联合主任罗敏敏则从人员、硬件和文化建设三个方面介绍了脑中心的现在和未来。北京脑中心建设已经达到了一个初步的规模，现在已有25个独立实验室和11个辅助平台，总人数将近400人。北京脑中心将继续招聘PI，方向包括认知基本原理、计算神经科学、疾病和技术等等；还计划和其他单位共建平台，如脑机接口平台和精神疾病的精准治疗和诊断、儿童发育平台等。所以，罗老师说：“会有更多的PI加入我们，不仅在基础认知方面，在疾病和计算类脑方面都会有进一步的拓展。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在硬件方面，“所有的PI都在热火朝天地建设实验室，技术平台已经初具规模”，罗老师介绍道：“下一步我们会接着建设芯片设计平台和类脑设计加工平台，也会在脑机接口方面有一些新的技术平台的建设。”<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">大家最期待的事情——新的食堂什么时候建好？罗老师告诉大家，我们将在明年四五月份搬进二期，行政人员在细心地设计，同学们可以对食堂持有较好的期待。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">听到这里，所有人都很振奋。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">最后，罗老师特别强调了北京脑中心最特别的地方：文化——Enjoy Science——我们以科学、真理为最高的探索目标，在CIBR内部，在科学面前，没有绝对的权威。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109131213.jpg\" title=\"202109131213.jpg\" alt=\"luo.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">随后，科研副主任Carlos Ibanez致辞（附演讲全文）：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109131016.jpg\" title=\"202109131016.jpg\" alt=\"ci.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">When I was about in the middle of my undergraduate studies, I decided that I needed some laboratory practice. So I joined a lab that was studying Drosophila genetics. The Prof. there his name was Enzo, Prof. Enzo Muñoz. He was an old-school geneticist, with rather conservative views. We talked often. He was talking about science. I remember one thing he said once: “There are no boring topics in science, there are only bored scientists.” I thought at that time he was defending himself a little bit. (Laugh)<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">我在读大学的时候就觉得，我应该开始积累一些实验室工作经验。所以我加入了一个主攻果蝇遗传学的实验室。当时指导我的是恩佐·穆尼奥斯教授。他是一个非常传统的遗传学家，观点也比较保守。我们那时候经常一起聊对于科学的看法。我记得有一次他提出了一个观点：“科学里没有无聊的课题，有的只是无聊的科学家。”我当时觉得他有点在为自己开脱。（笑）<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Then I understood that he was actually talking about something more profound. You are at the first step of a very tall ladder. I’m talking now to the new students that join us this year. I’m still climbing that ladder, and so do all my colleagues at CIBR. But you are at the first step, the very first step. You are not yet a scientist, but you will become a scientist at the end of your Ph.D. And that should be your focus. Not the topic. The topic is not so important at this stage and will become important later. Not even methods or techniques, you will learn them whether you like it or not. But to become a scientist is the key in the years ahead of you. How to think about science. How to find what is important and what is not. How to organize your literature. How to… It’s endless. It’s about mental growth. So you have to come out from your Ph.D. as a different person. If you are not a different person, then something didn’t go well in your Ph.D. You need to find an environment that nurtures this intellectual growth. Find a mentor that has time to spend talking to you about these issues. <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">后来我才逐渐理解他说这句话时背后的深意。如果科学是一座很高的阶梯，今天在座的所有新生，你们才刚刚迈出了攀登的第一步。当然，即便是我和我在CIBR 的所有同事们，至今也仍然在攀登的道路上。尽管你们现在还不能称为科学家，但当你们完成博士学业的时候，你们会变成真的科学家。而这个过程是你们需要关注的重点。并不是去关注要做什么课题，选择课题在现阶段还没有那么重要——当然后期它会逐渐重要起来；也不是科研的方法或技术，那些你们无论如何都会慢慢掌握的。而在未来的几年中，你们最需要思考的是如何才能成长为一名科学家。如何正确看待科学？如何辨别关键问题？如何撰写文章？类似的问题不胜枚举。在这个过程中，你们的心智将得到成长。最终，你们要以一个全新的身份获得自己的博士学位，不然你的博士生涯就是不完整的。所以你们需要找到能够促进这种心智成长的环境，找一个愿意花时间和你探讨这些问题的导师。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">You have chosen the best way to spend your life. Science and art, music and literature, these are the four things that make us human, these are the highest expression of humanity. And science is the best way you can spend your life. I will leave you with one final thought that I hope you reflect on it during your life: science or to be a scientist is not a job. It’s not even your profession. It’s a lifestyle. It’s a way to live your life. Work well. Thank you. <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">如今，你们已经选择了一种最好的生活方式。科学和艺术，音乐与文学，这四种事物赋予人类以独特性，也是人性最极致的体现。选择从事科学研究工作，你们将会度过极其有意义的一生。最后我想提一个观点，希望你们能够在未来不断思考：从事科学研究不是一份工作，科学家也不是一种职业。科学是一种生活方式，是你们要花一生时间与之相处、为之努力的存在，加油。谢谢。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">作为主持人的陈坚老师、最近加入脑中心的赵瑚老师和博士后代表刘泽玥、20级老生代表曹彭辉、21级新生代表发言林慧欣依次发言。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109133272.jpg\" title=\"202109133272.jpg\" alt=\"cj.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109131911.jpg\" title=\"202109131911.jpg\" alt=\"hu.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109135477.jpg\" title=\"202109135477.jpg\" alt=\"liuzy.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109134932.jpg\" title=\"202109134932.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A4534.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109131084.jpg\" title=\"202109131084.jpg\" alt=\"1N4A4541.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">科研总监毛军文表彰优秀学生干部。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109135153.jpg\" title=\"202109135153.jpg\" alt=\"mao.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109131717.jpg\" title=\"202109131717.jpg\" alt=\"9.3-5 2.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">开学典礼后，各实验室进行了海报交流，就实验室研究内容等进行了深入、热烈的讨论。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109132050.jpg\" title=\"202109132050.jpg\" alt=\"111.jpg\"\/><\/span><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109135764.jpg\" title=\"202109135764.jpg\" alt=\"222.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210913\/202109137217.jpg\" title=\"202109137217.jpg\" alt=\"333.jpg\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2021-09-13","description":"又到了一年中最好的季节，天高气爽、微风习习，9月3日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心（以下简称北京脑中心）全体老师、2021级31名新晋博士生，以及博士后代表济济一堂，举办了开学典礼。在嘹亮而庄严的奏唱国歌后，北京脑中心联合主任饶毅致辞。饶老师今年鼓励脑中心成为生命科学，至少是神经科学的领先研究机构。联合主任罗敏"},{"id":"138","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"Ibáñez实验室最新论文： ALK7受体对肥胖的持久抑制作用","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20210813\/1628845369882195.png","content":"<p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">“管住嘴，迈开腿”——生活习惯的改变是大家公认的减肥良方，但是减肥人常常面临平台期的问题，即在减肥中途体重不再下降，甚至发生反弹。这是由于体重减轻会导致静息代谢率降低，从而使代谢与体重相适应。此外，肥胖也与脂肪组织中的炎症有关，脂肪组织的炎症会导致胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发生。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">2021年6月11日，Carlos F. Ibáñez实验室在<em style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">The FASEB Journal<\/em>杂志以Research Article形式在线发表了题为“Sustained anti-obesity effects of life-style change and anti-inflammatory interventions after conditional inactivation of the activin receptor ALK7”的研究论文，揭示了条件抑制ALK7受体对因抗炎干预和生活习惯改变引发的减肥的持续性作用。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">根据先前的研究，抗炎干预和生活习惯的改变对减肥只有暂时性的作用，我们尚且不知道如何使减肥效果保持得更为长久。在近期的研究中，Carlos团队发现敲除小鼠脂肪组织中的ALK7受体能够增强儿茶酚胺信号转导以及脂肪分解，从而减缓小鼠因高脂饮食而导致的肥胖。在这篇文章中，Carlos团队对肥胖成年小鼠的ALK7受体进行条件敲除，发现ALK7与抗炎干预或饮食习惯调整中的任一一种方法结合都可以增强儿茶酚胺受体β3-AR及上游调控的C\/EBPα的表达，从而促进脂肪分解。以上结果表明ALK7的抑制与其他方法结合能对肥胖产生持续性影响。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">本次工作中发现，ALK7受体基因的敲除增强了肥胖小鼠低热量饮食的效果。小鼠在12周高脂饮食后被注射Tamoxifen，随后突变型和一部分野生型小鼠继续高脂饮食，另一部分野生型换成低热量饮食持续5周。实验发现ALK7敲除的小鼠在高脂饮食下体重增长速度比野生型要慢；在更换饮食后体重变化趋势与野生型相似，但是体重明显下降更多。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">同时对小鼠的其他指标进行检测，发现其皮下脂肪组织和附睾脂肪组织重量在食谱改变后明显降低。在突变型小鼠中，脂肪组织含量也比正常小鼠低。瘦素和胰岛素含量主要受食谱变化的影响而非基因型的影响。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">对脂肪组织炎症以及分化指标的监测显示，cAMP和HSL的浓度在突变体食谱转换后上升，同时儿茶酚胺受体Adrb1、Adrb3的mRNA及瘦素mRNA的浓度发生变化。以上均证实ALK7的失活与饮食转换共同对营养过剩后恢复儿茶酚胺受体的敏感性发挥了作用。对炎症的标记蛋白IL-6、Mcep1及F4\/80、Mrc1、Itgax、Clec10a的浓度检测结果同时表明，饮食变化后脂肪组织的炎症明显减少。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108133214.png\" title=\"202108133214.png\" alt=\"6.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 1饮食改变的原则<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108139023.png\" title=\"202108139023.png\" alt=\"7.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 2 小鼠饮食改变后的体重变化<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108131070.png\" title=\"202108131070.png\" alt=\"8.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 3 小鼠饮食改变前后脂肪组织及胰岛素和瘦素相关检测<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108133152.png\" title=\"202108133152.png\" alt=\"9.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 4 小鼠饮食改变前后瘦素及儿茶酚胺受体mRNA相关检测<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108131897.png\" title=\"202108131897.png\" alt=\"10.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108131871.png\" title=\"202108131871.png\" alt=\"11.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 5 对小鼠炎症标记相关基因mRNA的检测<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">本次工作中同时发现，ALK7的敲除能够使肥胖小鼠回归高脂饮食后仍然葆有抗肥胖的效应。将前期实验中的部分肥胖小鼠换回高脂饮食后观察5周发现，换回高脂饮食后野生型小鼠的体重甚至回升到高于先前保持高脂饮食时的体重巅峰；而更换两次饮食的突变体小鼠体重回升明显较慢，且最后达到的体重也与一直保持高脂饮食的突变体有明显差异。此外，两次改变食谱的小鼠与一直高脂饮食的小鼠相比葡萄糖耐受性降低，胰岛素敏感性升高。其他相关指标的检测也同样说明，ALK7敲除的小鼠在换回高脂饮食的条件下仍能保持抗肥胖的能力。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108131645.png\" title=\"202108131645.png\" alt=\"12.png\"\/><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108131104.png\" title=\"202108131104.png\" alt=\"13.png\"\/><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108133681.png\" title=\"202108133681.png\" alt=\"14.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 6 两次改变饮食后小鼠的体重变化及葡萄糖、胰岛素耐受性测试结果<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">本次工作过程中另外发现，ALK7基因的敲除与水杨酸盐共同作用，减轻由饮食习惯引起的肥胖。脂肪组织中儿茶酚胺的敏感性以及脂肪组织的炎症情况都是衡量肥胖的重要标准。Carlos团队在向小鼠注射Tamoxifen的同时，注射具有抗脂肪组织炎症作用的水杨酸盐，发现全部小鼠的体重在注射后均有下降，但是突变体小鼠能够长久地维持减肥效果，保持体重仍低于初始值。同时，突变体小鼠的脂肪细胞大小也与野生型小鼠有较大差异。<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108134771.png\" title=\"202108134771.png\" alt=\"15.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 7 小鼠注射水杨酸盐前后体重变化<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210813\/202108132004.png\" title=\"202108132004.png\" alt=\"16.png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">图表 8 小鼠注射水杨酸盐前后脂肪细胞形态<\/span><\/p><p class=\"contentstyletwo\" style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 28px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\"\/><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">本次工作中关于ALK7基因与减肥方法的共同作用对于人类肥胖治疗策略的研究具有重要意义，并且对ALK7抑制剂的研发起到指示作用。研发成功的ALK7抑制剂倘若副作用和毒性微小，可以用作肥胖和代谢疾病的治疗手段。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%;\">Raj Kamal Srivastava为本文的第一作者，Carlos F. Ibáñez为本文的通讯作者。感谢Goh Ket Yin、谢梦和印度生物技术部对本篇文章工作的支持。该研究受到新加坡国立大学、新加坡医学研究学会（NMRC）、瑞典研究理事会(Swedish Research Council)等机构的支持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.1rem; font-family: PingFangSC, PingFangSC-Regular; text-size-adjust: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 2em; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"outline: none 0px; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">本篇概要由北京大学生命科学院二年级学生滕若溪撰写。<\/span><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2021-08-13","description":"“管住嘴，迈开腿”——生活习惯的改变是大家公认的减肥良方，但是减肥人常常面临平台期的问题，即在减肥中途体重不再下降，甚至发生反弹。这是由于体重减轻会导致静息代谢率降低，从而使代谢与体重相适应。此外，肥胖也与脂肪组织中的炎症有关，脂肪组织的炎症会导致胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发生。2021年6月11日，Carlos F. I"},{"id":"5","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"李莹获2020年度“求是杰出青年学者奖”","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20210111\/1610368285853211.jpg","content":"<p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">我的研究领域是神经生物学，目前主要以小鼠和大鼠模型研究介导动物社会行为和情感的神经环路基础。<\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">社会行为是高等动物包括人类最重要的行为之一。社会行为对增进个体生存以及种群繁衍至关重要。相反，社会行为紊乱是许多精神类疾病，如孤独症、精神分裂症、社交恐惧症等的显著特征。因此，研究大脑如何产生社会行为，对了解人类社会行为以及治疗某些精神类疾病具有重要意义。自然界，大多数哺乳动物能响应各种社会信息，产生一系列社会行为，如交配、打斗、育儿、捕食以及逃跑等。了解大脑如何编码各类社会信息，并引发不同社会行为是神经科学领域的重要问题。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">通常哺乳动物只在自然状态下，特别是自由运动时才能产生复杂的社会行为，而传统神经生物学记录方法大多难以在自由活动的个体中同时记录大量神经元电活动。因此，长久以来，人们关于自然条件下大脑如何编码社会信息所知甚少。能否在自由活动的哺乳动物中记录大量神经元电活动是研究社会信息编码的主要瓶颈。为解决这一难题，我首次利用头戴式微型显微成像技术，在自由运动的小鼠中记录了影响动物本能社会行为的重要脑区——内侧杏仁核的钙信号，从而系统揭示了内侧杏仁核神经元对不同社会信息的编码特性。此外，我还发现神经肽——催产素在雄性小鼠区分雌雄信息时起关键作用，而对雌性小鼠区分不同社会信息没有显著影响。该发现进一步揭示两性社会行为差异的神经生物学基础，并为理解大脑可塑性改变提供了新的机制。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">我的近期研究主要应用和研发多学科交叉研究手段（包括双色头戴式显微成像技术，单细胞测序技术，在体和体外电生理技术等），在感觉输入到行为输出的各个阶段，研究社会信息编码以及社会认知与情感的产生和受调节机制。我主要感兴趣的问题包括：1.不同种类社会信息在大脑中的编码机制； 2.神经调制系统在社会信息编码以及社会行为产生中的作用；3.产生社会认知与社交情感障碍的神经生物学基础；4.幼年个体与成年个体在社会信息处理中的异同。我希望我们的研究能为深入理解人类社会行为和情感提供线索，并为治疗某些情感障碍类疾病提供新的方向。“<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">李莹，1987年生。2007年毕业于南京大学生物科学专业获学士学位。2013 年获中国科学院上海生命科学研究院博士学位，获吴瑞奖、中科院院长奖。同年进入美国哈佛大学分子与细胞生物学系，科学突破奖获得者，美国科学院院士，Catherine Dulac 教授实验室开展博士后研究工作。2014年获Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) , Long-term Postdoctoral Fellowship支持，2018年获得哈佛杰出华人生命科学研究奖。2019年加入北京脑科学与类脑研究中心，现任中心研究员、博士生导师。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">李莹主要从事动物社交行为与情感方向的研究，目前以第一作者身份完成 5 篇 SCI 论文，分别发表在 Cell、Developmental Cell和 Current Opinion in Neurobiology(封面文章)等杂志，总引用超过400次。此外，李莹课题组正在进行的多项研究课题已经获得欧洲HFSP Career Development Award、国自然面上项目以及北京科技新星计划支持。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qiushi.org\/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=215&id=3527\">http:\/\/www.qiushi.org\/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=215&id=3527<\/a><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2020-10-29","description":"我的研究领域是神经生物学，目前主要以小鼠和大鼠模型研究介导动物社会行为和情感的神经环路基础。社会行为是高等动物包括人类最重要的行为之一。社会行为对增进个体生存以及种群繁衍至关重要。相反，社会行为紊乱是许多精神类疾病，如孤独症、精神分裂症、社交恐惧症等的显著特征。因此，研究大脑如何产生社会行为，对了解"},{"id":"7","acode":"cn","scode":"3","title":"井淼实验室合作发表Nature Methods论文","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20210111\/1610368019524001.jpg","content":"<p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210111\/202101111174.jpg\" title=\"5f7293f32df1c.jpg\" alt=\"1.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41592-020-0953-2\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41592-020-0953-2<\/a><\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(165, 165, 165);\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;\">神经系统实现复杂行为背后，不同神经元之间如何进行有效地信息传递和整合，以及信息传递的异常是否会导致特定疾病发生，均是神经生物学领域的关键问题。乙酰胆碱作为经典的神经递质，是神经元之间信息沟通的关键媒介分子，其参与了生长发育、感知及运动、心血管功能、高级认知如学习记忆等诸多重要生理功能的调控1-3。由于神经系统的复杂性和乙酰胆碱的功能多样性，精确解析乙酰胆碱信号的动态变化，如特定神经元是否在行为的某个阶段释放或接收乙酰胆碱信号，可以帮助我们进一步了解乙酰胆碱的生理学意义。同时，探究乙酰胆碱信号在阿兹海默症、心血管疾病、肿瘤等疾病中的变化，也有助于探究和解析疾病的发病机理或临床症状的成因。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2020年9月28日，北京脑科学与类脑研究中心井淼实验室与北京大学李毓龙实验室合作，在Nature Methods杂志以Article形式在线发表了题为“An optimized acetylcholine sensor for monitoring in vivo cholinergic activity”的研究论文，报道了新一代高灵敏乙酰胆碱荧光探针的开发及其在多种模式生物中的成功应用。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">应用光学成像的方法检测乙酰胆碱等神经递质在近年来取得了巨大的突破，这主要得利于新型荧光探针的开发及其广泛应用。自2018年起，北京大学李毓龙等课题组首次应用G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）作为蛋白骨架，构建了一系列可以精确检测神经递质动态变化的荧光探针，即GPCR-Activation Based (GRAB)探针4-7。该方法将结合特定神经递质（如乙酰胆碱）的GPCR与循环重排的荧光蛋白（cpGFP）相连接，使得受体结合神经递质后的空间构象变化转变为荧光信号的变化，从而实现报告神经递质的浓度变化。结合光学成像手段，GRAB探针系列目前已在多项工作中成功实现了神经递质信号及其功能在活体动物中的进一步解析8-10。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在本工作中，为了进一步提高乙酰胆碱探针的表现，研究者基于已发表的第一代GRAB乙酰胆碱探针进一步进行突变筛选和理性设计，成功获得了对乙酰胆碱具有约300%荧光信号响应的新版本探针（ACh3.0），其在信号幅度上相比第一代探针有3倍以上的提升，且仍保持着对乙酰胆碱的分子特异性和亚秒级的动力学特性。更重要的是，通过对探针进行设计和优化，ACh3.0探针在结合乙酰胆碱后不会激活内源的信号通路，这使得探针可以安全地作为“检测器”表达于细胞上，而不会对细胞本身的生理功能带来影响。综合而言，新版本的探针在检测乙酰胆碱方面兼具了细胞特异性表达、高灵敏性、高亲和力、快速反应速率以及高选择性，这为其在活体内精确解析乙酰胆碱的动态变化奠定了基础。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210111\/202101111713.jpg\" title=\"5f729a4719c68.jpg\" alt=\"JM2.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>图一：新一代乙酰胆碱探针的开发及其刻画。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">a: 针对乙酰胆碱探针的关键位置进行突变筛选成功获得新一代探针ACh3.0，其在信号幅度和基础亮度上都显著优于已发表的ACh2.0探针。同时，针对受体结合乙酰胆碱位点的突变获得对照探针ACh3.0-mut，可在活体应用中作为阴性对照证明乙酰胆碱信号的特异性。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">b: 不同版本乙酰胆碱探针在培养的HEK293T细胞中的表达情况及其对乙酰胆碱的荧光响应。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal; line-height: 2em; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">在对乙酰胆碱探针进行优化和一系列刻画后，研究团队进一步在多种模式生物中应用了探针，并成功地检测了内源的乙酰胆碱在不同脑区的释放及其调控。如在转基因果蝇中，研究团队揭示了活体果蝇在接受不同生理刺激时，嗅觉中枢蘑菇体存在区域特异性的乙酰胆碱释放，提示不同区域的乙酰胆碱信号可能具有截然不同的生理功能编码。在活体小鼠中，结合新一代乙酰胆碱探针和光纤记录或微型化双光子显微镜成像11，研究者成功记录到了乙酰胆碱信号在包括杏仁核、海马、皮层等不同脑区相关的多种行为，如惩罚性电击刺激、睡眠觉醒的不同时相以及感觉刺激和运动状态变化等过程中，如何动态变化及其在细胞尺度上的精细时空分布。新一代乙酰胆碱探针不仅可灵敏地追踪短暂电击刺激导致的快速乙酰胆碱升高，也可稳定地报告跨越数小时范围的不同睡眠觉醒状态下的脑内乙酰胆碱水平变化，这将对进一步研究乙酰胆碱的生理和病理功能提供重要工具。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><img src=\"\/static\/upload\/images\/20210111\/202101113149.jpg\" title=\"5f729a04a6fcf.jpg\" alt=\"JM1.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">图二：新一代乙酰胆碱探针在果蝇及小鼠中的成功应用。<\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">a: 应用新一代乙酰胆碱探针ACh3.0观测到活体果蝇嗅觉中枢中，特定生理刺激引发的区域特异性乙酰胆碱信号变化。其中，ACh3.0相比于ACh2.0具有明显提高的活体检测灵敏度。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">b: 新一代乙酰胆碱探针ACh3.0记录到小鼠基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）处在小鼠受到电击刺激时的乙酰胆碱释放。研究者应用对照探针ACh3.0-mut或特异性敲除乙酰胆碱囊泡转运体VAChT的小鼠作为对照，证明检测到的荧光信号为乙酰胆碱浓度变化导致。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">北京脑科学与类脑研究中心的井淼博士为本文章的第一作者，井淼博士与北京大学李毓龙博士为文章的共同通讯作者。北京大学已毕业本科生李玥璇及CLS项目博士生曾健智、钱统瑞、潘孙磊等对文章做出了重要贡献。国内外合作团队在该工作中起到不可或缺的作用，包括中科院神经科学研究所徐敏实验室、华中科技大学李浩洪实验室、北京大学分子医学研究所陈良怡实验室和程和平实验室、加拿大西安大略大学Marco Prado, Lisa Saksida, Vania Prado和Tim Bussey实验室，以及美国南加州大学Andrew Hires实验室。该研究受到北京大学膜生物学重点实验室、国家自然科学基金、美国脑计划、脑科学与类脑研究北方科学中心地方配套科研项目等支持。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal; text-align: justify; line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">参考文献<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; 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A Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor Enables Rapid and Specific Detection of Dopamine in Flies, Fish, and Mice. Cell 174, 481-496 e419 (2018).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">6. Patriarchi, T. et al. Ultrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors. Science 360 (2018).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">7. Feng, J. et al. A Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor for Rapid and Specific In Vivo Detection of Norepinephrine. Neuron 102, 745-761 e748 (2019).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">8. Tanaka, M., Sun, F., Li, Y. & Mooney, R. A mesocortical dopamine circuit enables the cultural transmission of vocal behaviour. Nature 563, 117-120 (2018).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">9. Peng, W. et al. Regulation of sleep homeostasis mediator adenosine by basal forebrain glutamatergic neurons. Science 369 (2020).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">10. Zhang, X., Noyes, N.C., Zeng, J., Li, Y. & Davis, R.L. Aversive Training Induces Both Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Suppression in <em>Drosophila<\/em>. The Journal of Neuroscience 39, 9164-9172 (2019).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">11. Zong, W. et al. Fast high-resolution miniature two-photon microscopy for brain imaging in freely behaving mice. Nature Methods 14, 713-719 (2017).<\/span><\/p><p><br style=\"white-space: normal;\"\/><\/p><p><br\/><\/p>","date":"2020-09-29","description":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41592-020-0953-2神经系统实现复杂行为背后，不同神经元之间如何进行有效地信息传递和整合，以及信息传递的异常是否会导致特定疾病发生，均是神经生物学领域的关键问题。乙酰胆碱作为经典的神经递质，是神经元之间信息沟通的关键媒介分子，其参与了生长发育、感知及运动、心血管功能、高级"}],"vedio":[{"id":"380","acode":"cn","scode":"4","title":"20240516","uploadStatus":"1","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/image\/20240516\/1715825325274744.jpg","videoUrl":"0","indexUrl":"\/","date":"2024-05-16"}],"report":{"id":"1483","title":"Actively Survey and Remodeling of Cortical Circuits by Microglia and Astrocyte","date":"2024-11-05 13:48:53","author":"NABEKURA, Junichi, MD. Ph.D.","description":"NABEKURA, Junichi, MD. Ph.D.Director-GeneralNational Institute for Physiological SciencesAbstractTwo topics on the interaction between cortical Synapses and glia will be introduced.Microglia constantly move their processes and contact with neuronal elements in an in vivobrain. As for functiona","ico":"https:\/\/webapi.cibr.ac.cn\/\/static\/upload\/other\/20241105\/1730787078175102.jpeg","source":"CIBR X102, Phase II","host":"Akihiro Yamanaka Ph.D.","startDate":"2024-11-15 10:00:00","week":"星期五"}},"tourl":"","rowtotal":334}